scholarly journals Vitamin C Inhibits Blood-Stage Plasmodium Parasites via Oxidative Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Shi ◽  
Meng Wei ◽  
Zihao Xu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Mujia Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Drug Sensitivity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Hexose Transporter ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Uptake Pathway ◽  
Infected Rbcs ◽  
Erythrocytic Cycle

During the Plasmodium erythrocytic cycle, glucose is taken up by glucose transporters (GLUTs) in red blood cells (RBCs) and supplied to parasites via the Plasmodium hexose transporter. Here, we demonstrate that the glucose uptake pathway in infected RBCs (iRBCs) can be hijacked by vitamin C (Vc). GLUTs preferentially transport the oxidized form of Vc, which is subsequently reduced in the cytosol. Vc, which is expected to burden the intracellular reducing capacity, inhibits Plasmodium berghei and Plasmodium falciparum growth. Vc uptake is drastically increased in iRBCs, with a large proportion entering parasites. Increased absorption of Vc causes accumulation of reactive oxygen species, reduced ATP production, and elevated eryptosis in iRBCs and apoptosis in parasites. The level of oxidative stress induced by Vc is significantly higher in iRBCs than uninfected RBCs, not seen in chloroquine or artemisinin-treated iRBCs, and effective in inhibiting chloroquine or artemisinin-resistant parasites. These findings provide important insights into the drug sensitivity of Plasmodium.

scholarly journals Piceatannol Increases Antioxidant Defense and Reduces Cell Death in Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast under Oxidative Stress

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Póvoa da Costa ◽  
Bruna Puty ◽  
Lygia S. Nogueira ◽  
Geovanni Pereira Mitre ◽  
Sávio Monteiro dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Cellular Metabolism ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Atp Production

Piceatannol is a resveratrol metabolite that is considered a potent antioxidant and cytoprotector because of its high capacity to chelate/sequester reactive oxygen species. In pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, the imbalance of reactive oxygen species is closely related to the disorder in the cells and may cause changes in cellular metabolism and mitochondrial activity, which is implicated in oxidative stress status or even in cell death. In this way, this study aimed to evaluate piceatannol as cytoprotector in culture of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts through in vitro analyses of cell viability and oxidative stress parameters after oxidative stress induced as an injury simulator. Fibroblasts were seeded and divided into the following study groups: control, vehicle, control piceatannol, H2O2 exposure, and H2O2 exposure combined with the maintenance in piceatannol ranging from 0.1 to 20 μM. The parameters analyzed following exposure were cell viability by trypan blue exclusion test, general metabolism status by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method, mitochondrial activity through the ATP production, total antioxidant capacity, and reduced gluthatione. Piceatannol was shown to be cytoprotective due the maintenance of cell viability between 1 and 10 μM even in the presence of H2O2. In a concentration of 0.1 μM piceatannol decreased significantly cell viability but increased cellular metabolism and antioxidant capacity of the fibroblasts. On the other hand, the fibroblasts treated with piceatannol at 1 μM presented low metabolism and antioxidant capacity. However, piceatannol did not protect cells from mitochondrial damage as measured by ATP production. In summary, piceatannol is a potent antioxidant in low concentrations with cytoprotective capacity, but it does not prevent all damage caused by hydrogen peroxide.

scholarly journals LPS from P. gingivalis Negatively Alters Gingival Cell Mitochondrial Bioenergetics

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Napa ◽  
Andrea C. Baeder ◽  
Jeffrey E. Witt ◽  
Sarah T. Rayburn ◽  
Madison G. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Human Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Lps Treatment

Objective. Oral inflammatory pathologies are linked to increased oxidative stress, thereby partly explaining their relevance in the etiology of systemic disorders. The purpose of this work was to determine the degree to which LPS from Porphyromonas gingivalis, the primary pathogen related to oral inflammation, altered gingival mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species generation. Methods. Human gingival fibroblast (HGF-1) cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide of P. gingivalis. Mitochondrial function was determined via high-resolution respirometry. Results. LPS-treated HGF-1 cells had significantly higher mitochondrial complex IV and higher rates of mitochondrial respiration. However, this failed to translate into greater ATP production, as ATP production was paradoxically diminished with LPS treatment. Nevertheless, production of the reactive H2O2 was elevated with LPS treatment. Conclusions. LPS elicits an increase in gingival cell mitochondria content, with a subsequent increase in reactive oxygen species production (i.e., H2O2), despite a paradoxical reduction in ATP generation. These findings provide an insight into the nature of oxidative stress in oral inflammatory pathologies.

scholarly journals A Combination of Linalool, Vitamin C, and Copper Synergistically Triggers Reactive Oxygen Species and DNA Damage and InhibitsSalmonella entericasubsp.entericaSerovar Typhi andVibrio fluvialis

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamoghna Ghosh ◽  
Santosh Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Amit Gaurav ◽  
Alok Kumar ◽  
Piyush Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Triple Combination ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vibrio Fluvialis

ABSTRACTInappropriate and disproportionate use of antibiotics is contributing immensely to the development of antibiotic resistance in bacterial species associated with food contamination. The use of natural products in combination can be a potent alternative hurdle strategy to inactivate foodborne pathogens. Here, we explored the pro-oxidant properties of essential oillinalool andvitamin C in combination withcopper (LVC) in combating the foodborne pathogensVibrio fluvialisandSalmonella entericasubsp.entericaserovar Typhi using a three-dimensional (3D) checkerboard microdilution assay. Antibacterial activity in terms of the MIC revealed that the triple combination exerted a synergistic effect compared to the effects of the individual constituents. The bactericidal effect of the triple combination was confirmed by a live/dead staining assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurements with the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay and scanning electron microscopy imaging strongly suggested that the increase in ROS production is the underlying mechanism of the enhanced antibacterial potency of the LVC combination (linalool [1.298 mM], vitamin C [8 mM], copper [16.3 μM]). In addition, the hypersensitivity of oxidative stress regulator mutants (oxyR,katG,ahpC, andsodAmutants) toward LVC corroborated the involvement of ROS in cell death. Live/dead staining and changes in cellular morphology revealed that oxidative stress did not transform the cells into the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state; rather, killing was associated with intracellular and extracellular oxidative burst. Furthermore, the LVC combination did not display toxicity to human cells, while it effectively reduced the pathogen levels in acidic fruit juices by 3 to 4 log CFU/ml without adversely altering the organoleptic properties. This study opens a new outlook for combinatorial antimicrobial therapy.IMPORTANCEThere is a need to develop effective antibacterial therapies for mitigating bacterial pathogens in food systems. We used a 3D checkerboard assay to ascertain a safe synergistic combination of food-grade components: vitamin C, copper, and the essential oil linalool. Individually, these constituents have to be added in large amounts to exert their antibacterial effect, which leads to unwanted organoleptic properties. The triple combination could exceptionally inhibit foodborne Gram-negative pathogens likeVibrio fluvialisandSalmonella entericasubsp.entericaserovar Typhi at low concentrations (linalool, 1.298 mM; vitamin C, 8 mM; copper, 16.3 μM) and displayed potent microbial inhibition in acidic beverages. We found increased susceptibility in deletion mutants of oxidative stress regulators (oxyR,katG,ahpC, andsodAmutants) due to ROS generation by Fenton’s chemistry. The results of this study show that it may be possible to use plant-based antimicrobials in synergistic combinations to control microbial contaminants.

scholarly journals Irisin Attenuates Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Apoptosis in the H9C2 Cellular Model of Septic Cardiomyopathy through Augmenting Fundc1-Dependent Mitophagy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xiaoqing Jiang ◽  
Shumin Cai ◽  
Yinghui Jin ◽  
Feng Wu ◽  
Jing He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Septic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
H9c2 Cardiomyocytes

In the present study, we used lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated H9C2 cardiomyocytes to investigate whether irisin treatment attenuates septic cardiomyopathy via Fundc1-related mitophagy. Fundc1 levels and mitophagy were significantly reduced in LPS-stimulated H9C2 cardiomyocytes but were significantly increased by irisin treatment. Irisin significantly increased ATP production and the activities of mitochondrial complexes I and III in the LPS-stimulated cardiomyocytes. Irisin also improved glucose metabolism and significantly reduced LPS-induced levels of reactive oxygen species by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). TUNEL assays showed that irisin significantly reduced LPS-stimulated cardiomyocyte apoptosis by suppressing the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. However, the beneficial effects of irisin on oxidative stress, mitochondrial metabolism, and viability of LPS-stimulated H9C2 cardiomyocytes were abolished by silencing Fundc1. These results demonstrate that irisin abrogates mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis through Fundc1-related mitophagy in LPS-stimulated H9C2 cardiomyocytes. This suggests irisin is a potentially useful treatment for septic cardiomyopathy, though further investigations are necessary to confirm our findings.

scholarly journals Photobiomodulation and Oxidative Stress: 980 nm Diode Laser Light Regulates Mitochondrial Activity and Reactive Oxygen Species Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Amaroli ◽  
Claudio Pasquale ◽  
Angelina Zekiy ◽  
Anatoliy Utyuzh ◽  
Stefano Benedicenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Respiratory Chain ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Krebs Cycle ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Photobiomodulation with 808 nm laser light electively stimulates Complexes III and IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, while Complexes I and II are not affected. At the wavelength of 1064 nm, Complexes I, III, and IV are excited, while Complex II and some mitochondrial matrix enzymes seem to be not receptive to photons at that wavelength. Complex IV was also activated by 633 nm. The mechanism of action of wavelengths in the range 900–1000 nm on mitochondria is less understood or not described. Oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by mitochondrial activity is an inescapable consequence of aerobic metabolism. The antioxidant enzyme system for ROS scavenging can keep them under control. However, alterations in mitochondrial activity can cause an increment of ROS production. ROS and ATP can play a role in cell death, cell proliferation, and cell cycle arrest. In our work, bovine liver isolated mitochondria were irradiated for 60 sec, in continuous wave mode with 980 nm and powers from 0.1 to 1.4 W (0.1 W increment at every step) to generate energies from 6 to 84 J, fluences from 7.7 to 107.7 J/cm2, power densities from 0.13 to 1.79 W/cm2, and spot size 0.78 cm2. The control was equal to 0 W. The activity of the mitochondria’s complexes, Krebs cycle enzymes, ATP production, oxygen consumption, generation of ROS, and oxidative stress were detected. Lower powers (0.1–0.2 W) showed an inhibitory effect; those that were intermediate (0.3–0.7 W) did not display an effect, and the higher powers (0.8–1.1 W) induced an increment of ATP synthesis. Increasing the power (1.2–1.4 W) recovered the ATP production to the control level. The interaction occurred on Complexes III and IV, as well as ATP production and oxygen consumption. Results showed that 0.1 W uncoupled the respiratory chain and induced higher oxidative stress and drastic inhibition of ATP production. Conversely, 0.8 W kept mitochondria coupled and induced an increase of ATP production by increments of Complex III and IV activities. An augmentation of oxidative stress was also observed, probably as a consequence of the increased oxygen consumption and mitochondrial isolation experimental conditions. No effect was observed using 0.5 W, and no effect was observed on the enzymes of the Krebs cycle.

scholarly journals Antioxidant potentials of Miyan Kuka (Baobab leaves)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduitem S. Otong ◽  
Sunday A. Musa
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Oxygen Species

Antioxidant is any substance that directly scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) or indirectly acts to up-regulate antioxidant defenses or inhibit ROS production. The review is aimed at highlighting the components of baobab leaves with antioxidant capabilities. Articles were searched from the Directory of Open Access Journals, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct using key words such as composition of baobab leaves, antioxidant properties of baobab leaf, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress and antioxidant. The result showed that boabab leaves are good sources of food with a lot of antioxidant components such as vitamin C, carotenes, flavonoids, zinc etc. These antioxidant components help to regulate ROS including free radicals such as superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, as well as non-radical molecules like hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen. Baobab leaves carry out the antioxidant activities through the following processes: scavenging and neutralizing free radicals, singlet oxygen quenching, superoxide radical scavenging, hydrogen donation, metal chelating, enzymes inhibition, peroxide decomposing and synergies. They also help in activating antioxidant enzymes, reduce α-tocopherol radicals, reduce nitrosative stress, prevent oxidases, and increase levels of uric acid and low molecular weight molecules which ultimately help to reduce oxidation in the long run. Baobab leaves are rich in phytochemicals with a lot of antioxidant capabilities due to the present of several components like vitamin C, carotenes, flavenoids, etc. These components work in different ways to regulate reactive oxygen species and by extension prevent oxidative stress.

Clinical aspects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ascan Warnholtz ◽  
Maria Wendt ◽  
Michael August ◽  
Thomas Münzel
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
No Production ◽  
Oxygen Species

Endothelial dysfunction in the setting of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic smoking, as well as in the setting of heart failure, has been shown to be at least partly dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species in endothelial and/or smooth muscle cells and the adventitia, and the subsequent decrease in vascular bioavailability of NO. Superoxide-producing enzymes involved in increased oxidative stress within vascular tissue include NAD(P)H-oxidase, xanthine oxidase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in an uncoupled state. Recent studies indicate that endothelial dysfunction of peripheral and coronary resistance and conductance vessels represents a strong and independent risk factor for future cardiovascular events. Ways to reduce endothelial dysfunction include risk-factor modification and treatment with substances that have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and, simultaneously, to stimulate endothelial NO production, such as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme or the statins. In contrast, in conditions where increased production of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide, in vascular tissue is established, treatment with NO, e.g. via administration of nitroglycerin, results in a rapid development of endothelial dysfunction, which may worsen the prognosis in patients with established coronary artery disease.

Characterization and functional properties of new everbearing strawberry (Fragaria x ananasa Duch.) cultivar, ‘Summertiara’ berries

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Nagai ◽  
Misuzu Tamai ◽  
Masato Sato ◽  
Yasuhiro Tanoue ◽  
Norihisa Kai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Active Oxygen Species ◽  
Active Oxygen ◽  
Antihypertensive Activity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
Strawberry Cultivar ◽  
The Stability

Background: In recent years, a new everbearing strawberry cultivar, ‘Summertiara’ was cultivated to supply the strawberries in pre-harvest season from July to October in Japan. For highly research and development of processing of this cultivar, ‘Summertiara’ berries, the objective of this study was to characterize these berries, with relation to chemical parameters, total phenols, total flavonoids, total vitamin C, and total anthocyanins, and was to investigate the solubility and the stability of anthocyanins from the berries. Moreover, the functional properties such as antioxidative activity, active oxygen species scavenging activity, and antihypertensive activity were also evaluated.Methods: Chemical analysis, colour measurement, and sensory evaluation of new everbearing strawberry cultivar, ‘Summertiara’ berries were performed. Next, the solubility of anthocyanins from the berries and stability of these against pH, temperature, and an incandescent lighting were investigated. Moreover, functional properties of the extracts prepared from berries were elucidated using 5 different methods.Results: The contents of water, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and ash were the same as those of other cultivar berries. The sugar-acid ratio in the berries was low; these were acidulous. By sensory evaluation, the main factors were vivid red colour, aroma, and acidity. The berries were rich in phenols, flavonoids, vitamin C, and anthocyanins. The anthocyanins of the berries became unstable by heat treatment and light exposures such as visible rays. On the other hand, the extracts prepared from the berries showed the functionalities such as antioxidant activity, active oxygen species scavenging activities, and antihypertensive activity.  Conclusions: The strawberry cultivar, ‘Summertiara’ berries were the most suitable for processing ingredient of strawberry-derived products with superior health promoting functionalities.Keywords: Summertiara, everbearing strawberry cultivar, characterization, sensory evaluation, color and storage, functional property

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