scholarly journals Biosensor Technologies for Early Detection and Quantification of Plant Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazbek Dyussembayev ◽  
Prabhakaran Sambasivam ◽  
Ido Bar ◽  
Jeremy C. Brownlie ◽  
Muhammad J. A. Shiddiky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Disease Diagnostics ◽  
Plant Pathogen Detection

Plant pathogens are a major reason of reduced crop productivity and may lead to a shortage of food for both human and animal consumption. Although chemical control remains the main method to reduce foliar fungal disease incidence, frequent use can lead to loss of susceptibility in the fungal population. Furthermore, over-spraying can cause environmental contamination and poses a heavy financial burden on growers. To prevent or control disease epidemics, it is important for growers to be able to detect causal pathogen accurately, sensitively, and rapidly, so that the best practice disease management strategies can be chosen and enacted. To reach this goal, many culture-dependent, biochemical, and molecular methods have been developed for plant pathogen detection. However, these methods lack accuracy, specificity, reliability, and rapidity, and they are generally not suitable for in-situ analysis. Accordingly, there is strong interest in developing biosensing systems for early and accurate pathogen detection. There is also great scope to translate innovative nanoparticle-based biosensor approaches developed initially for human disease diagnostics for early detection of plant disease-causing pathogens. In this review, we compare conventional methods used in plant disease diagnostics with new sensing technologies in particular with deeper focus on electrochemical and optical biosensors that may be applied for plant pathogen detection and management. In addition, we discuss challenges facing biosensors and new capability the technology provides to informing disease management strategies.

The Future of Nanotechnology in Plant Pathology

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wade Elmer ◽  
Jason C. White
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Metallic Oxide ◽  
Disease Diagnostics ◽  
Chemical Inputs

Engineered nanoparticles are materials between 1 and 100 nm and exist as metalloids, metallic oxides, nonmetals, and carbon nanomaterials and as functionalized dendrimers, liposomes, and quantum dots. Their small size, large surface area, and high reactivity have enabled their use as bactericides/ fungicides and nanofertilizers. Nanoparticles can be designed as biosensors for plant disease diagnostics and as delivery vehicles for genetic material, probes, and agrichemicals. In the past decade, reports of nanotechnology in phytopathology have grown exponentially. Nanomaterials have been integrated into disease management strategies and diagnostics and as molecular tools. Most reports summarized herein are directed toward pathogen inhibition using metalloid/metallic oxide nanoparticles as bactericides/fungicides and as nanofertilizers to enhance health. The use of nanoparticles as biosensors in plant disease diagnostics is also reviewed. As global demand for food production escalates against a changing climate, nanotechnology could sustainably mitigate many challenges in disease management by reducing chemical inputs and promoting rapid detection of pathogens.

scholarly journals Spray-induced gene silencing for disease control is dependent on the efficiency of pathogen RNA uptake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lulu Qiao ◽  
Chi Lan ◽  
Luca Capriotti ◽  
Audrey Ah-Fong ◽  
Jonatan Nino Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Disease Management ◽  
Fungal Genes

AbstractRecent discoveries show that fungi can take up environmental RNA, which can then silence fungal genes through environmental RNA interference. This discovery prompted the development of Spray-Induced Gene Silencing (SIGS) for plant disease management. In this study, we aimed to determine the efficacy of SIGS across a variety of eukaryotic microbes. We first examined the efficiency of RNA uptake in multiple pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi, and an oomycete pathogen. We observed efficient double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) uptake in the fungal plant pathogens Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Aspergillus niger, and Verticillium dahliae, but no uptake in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and weak uptake in a beneficial fungus, Trichoderma virens. For the oomycete plant pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, RNA uptake was limited, and varied across different cell types and developmental stages. Topical application of dsRNA targeting virulence-related genes in the pathogens with high RNA uptake efficiency significantly inhibited plant disease symptoms, whereas the application of dsRNA in pathogens with low RNA uptake efficiency did not suppress infection. Our results have revealed that dsRNA uptake efficiencies vary across eukaryotic microbe species and cell types. The success of SIGS for plant disease management can largely be determined by the pathogen RNA uptake efficiency.

Polypyrrole nanoribbon based chemiresistive immunosensors for viral plant pathogen detection

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (14) ◽  
pp. 3497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicha Chartuprayoon ◽  
Youngwoo Rheem ◽  
James C. K. Ng ◽  
Jin Nam ◽  
Wilfred Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Plant Pathogen Detection

scholarly journals Plant and Fungal Genome Editing to Enhance Plant Disease Resistance Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayan Chandra Paul ◽  
Sung-Won Park ◽  
Haifeng Liu ◽  
Sungyu Choi ◽  
Jihyeon Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Fungal Genome ◽  
Plant Disease Management

Crop production has been substantially reduced by devastating fungal and oomycete pathogens, and these pathogens continue to threaten global food security. Although chemical and cultural controls have been used for crop protection, these involve continuous costs and time and fungicide resistance among plant pathogens has been increasingly reported. The most efficient way to protect crops from plant pathogens is cultivation of disease-resistant cultivars. However, traditional breeding approaches are laborious and time intensive. Recently, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been utilized to enhance disease resistance among different crops such as rice, cacao, wheat, tomato, and grape. This system allows for precise genome editing of various organisms via RNA-guided DNA endonuclease activity. Beyond genome editing in crops, editing the genomes of fungal and oomycete pathogens can also provide new strategies for plant disease management. This review focuses on the recent studies of plant disease resistance against fungal and oomycete pathogens using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. For long-term plant disease management, the targeting of multiple plant disease resistance mechanisms with CRISPR/Cas9 and insights gained by probing fungal and oomycete genomes with this system will be powerful approaches.

The detection of papaya ringspot virus coat protein using an electrochemical immunosensor

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (48) ◽  
pp. 8534-8541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohini Bhat Valekunja ◽  
Vikramshankar Kamakoti ◽  
Anitha Peter ◽  
Shamprasad Phadnis ◽  
Shalini Prasad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Coat Protein ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Immunosensor ◽  
Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽  
Virus Coat ◽  
Plant Pathogen Detection

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy-based immunosensors have enormous potential as a simple, rapid, economical, and field-deployable tool for plant pathogen detection.

scholarly journals Plant Pathogen Culture Collections: It Takes a Village to Preserve These Resources Vital to the Advancement of Agricultural Security and Plant Pathology

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 920-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seogchan Kang ◽  
Jaime E. Blair ◽  
David M. Geiser ◽  
Chang-Hyun Khang ◽  
Sook-Young Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Culture Collections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pathogen Diversity

Plant pathogen culture collections are essential resources in our fight against plant disease and for connecting discoveries of the present with established knowledge of the past. However, available infrastructure in support of culture collections is in serious need of improvement, and we continually face the risk of losing many of these collections. As novel and reemerging plant pathogens threaten agriculture, their timely identification and monitoring depends on rapid access to cultures representing the known diversity of plant pathogens along with genotypic, phenotypic, and epidemiological data associated with them. Archiving such data in a format that can be easily accessed and searched is essential for rapid assessment of potential risk and can help track the change and movement of pathogens. The underexplored pathogen diversity in nature further underscores the importance of cataloguing pathogen cultures. Realizing the potential of pathogen genomics as a foundation for developing effective disease control also hinges on how effectively we use the sequenced isolate as a reference to understand the genetic and phenotypic diversity within a pathogen species. In this letter, we propose a number of measures for improving pathogen culture collections.

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