scholarly journals A Review on Development of Ceramic-Graphene Based Nanohybrid Composite Systems in Biological Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Jakubczak ◽  
Agnieszka M. Jastrzębska
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Water Decontamination ◽  
Industrial Practice ◽  
Composite Systems ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Rational Development ◽  
Nanohybrid Composite ◽  
Materials Used

Graphene-based nanocomposites constitute an interesting and promising material for various applications. Intensive progress in the development of this group of materials offers an opportunity to create new systems useful for drinking water decontamination or other biotechnological applications. Nanohybrid structures of graphene-ceramic systems can be obtained using covalent graphene surface modification with nanoparticles (NPs) of ceramic and/or co-deposition of metals with selected morphology and chemistry. The present paper systematizes the associated bio-related knowledge and inspires future development of graphene/NPs systems. Emerging knowledge and unique research techniques are reviewed within designing the required nanocomposite structure and chemical composition, development and optimization of new methods of covalent surface modification of graphene with NPs as well as analysis of mechanisms governing the formation of covalent bonding. Further, innovative research tools and methodologies are presented regarding the adjustment of functionalities of materials used for the application in drinking water decontamination or biocidal composites. This study provides a comprehensive base for rational development of more complex, hybrid graphene-based nanomaterials with various bio-functionalities that can be further applied in industrial practice.

scholarly journals Biofilm forming ability of Sphingomonas paucimobilis isolated from community drinking water systems on plumbing materials used in water distribution

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 942-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parul Gulati ◽  
Moushumi Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Sphingomonas Paucimobilis ◽  
Simulated Distribution ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Biofilm Development

Sphingomonas paucimobilis, an oligotroph, is well recognized for its potential for biofilm formation. The present study explored the biofilm forming ability of a strain isolated from municipal drinking water on plumbing materials. The intensity of biofilm formation of this strain on different plumbing materials was examined by using 1 × 1 cm2 pieces of six different pipe materials, i.e. polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), aluminium (Al), copper (Cu) and rubber (R) and observing by staining with the chemical chromophore, Calcofluor. To understand whether biofilm formation occurs under flow through conditions, a laboratory-scale simulated distribution system, comprised of the above materials was fabricated. Biofilm samples were collected from the designed system at different biofilm ages (10, 40 and 90 hours old) and enumerated. The results indicated that the biofilm formation occurred on all plumbing materials with Cu and R as exceptions. The intensity of biofilm formation was found to be maximum on PVC followed by PP and PE. We also demonstrated the chemical chromophore (Calcofluor) successfully for rapid and easy visual detection of biofilms, validated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of the plumbing materials. Chlorination has little effect in preventing biofilm development.

Characteristics of Ion Release from Building Materials during Rainwater Harvesting

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3522-3528
Author(s):  
Jian Feng Zhang ◽  
Ya Xiong Deng ◽  
Zhan Qin Lei ◽  
Wei Xie
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Materials Used

In the past two decade, the Chinese government has paid a huge effort to solve the problem of drinking water in remote rural. As an alterative success case, rainwater harvesting and utility has been the most efficient way to supplying fresh water in rural areas of the Loess Plateau, a typical water resources serious shortage area in China. Focused on improving the quality of the rural village cistern water, study about the characteristics of ion release from building materials during runoff process with five representative materials used for rainwater collection: concrete, red brick, grey tile, red tile and soil was conducted. The ion releasing process and following effect on cistern water quality index, such as hardness, pH, conductivity, has been analyzed. Results revealed that the most release strength of different materials was arriving at 30s following startup. Furthermore, the test of effects of rain acidity on ion release procession showed that the total ion release increased with storm water pH declining, however, the release strength was irrelevance with runoff’s pH. Based on research results, a detailed suggestion was provided to renovate intake construction of cistern for improving the drinking water quality in remote rural areas of Weibei Semi-arid District.

scholarly journals Influence of two-body abrasion and heat intensity on metal and non-metal materials used in agriculture

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
P. Valášek ◽  
J. Kejval ◽  
M. Müller ◽  
J. Cieslar
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Polymeric Composite ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Metallic Material ◽  
Composite Systems ◽  
Metal Materials ◽  
Materials Used

In the agro-complex, as well as in other sectors, the use of polymeric materials is one possible way forward in the innovation and development of machines and their parts. However, machine products place high demands on the materials from which they are made. Polymeric materials are currently able to compete in certain areas where metallic material would traditionally be used; however, one of their limiting characteristic is their ability to withstand elevated temperatures. This paper describes the hardness of polymeric materials when influenced by heat, generated during the double body abrasion. The paper also describes the abrasive wear of both polymers and polymeric composite systems, as well as cast iron, used in agricultural production. Heat intensity during the two-body abrasion results in a 28% fall of the composite systems hardness, to 18% fall of the Polyamid 6 hardness and to 13% fall of the Murtfeld hardness.

Surface Modification and Synthesis of Polymeric Membrane for Energy and Biological Applications

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. Vijay ◽  
Marshal Dhayal ◽  
Kamlendra Awasthi ◽  
Vaibhav Kulshrestha ◽  
N. K. Acharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Biological Applications

Surface Modification Technologies for Durable Space Polymers

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.I. Kleiman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Metal Foil ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Traditional Approaches

AbstractMany polymers, paints, and organic-based materials exposed to the space environment undergo dramatic changes and irreversible degradation of physical and functional characteristics. While many protective approaches, including protective coatings and mechanical metal foil wrapping or cladding—especially for synthesized bulk materials, are used to reduce the effects of the space environment, the protection of such materials in space remains a major challenge, especially for future long-duration exploration missions or permanent space stations. In addition to the traditional approaches, surface modification processes are used increasingly to protect or to impart new properties to materials used in the space environment. This article presents a brief overview of the present situation in the field of surface modification of space materials. A number of surface modification solutions that differ from the traditional protective coating approaches are discussed that change the surface properties of treated materials, thus protecting them from the hazards of low Earth orbit and geostationary orbit environments or imparting new functional properties. Examples of their testing, characterization, and applications are provided.

scholarly journals A simple and low-cost chip bonding solution for high pressure, high temperature and biological applications

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Serra ◽  
I. Pereiro ◽  
A. Yamada ◽  
J.-L. Viovy ◽  
S. Descroix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Materials Used

An adhesive-based strategy for the low-cost and reversible sealing of a wide range of materials used in microfluidics, requiring only the application of manually-achievable pressures.

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