scholarly journals Perfluorocarbon Emulsion Contrast Agents: A Mini Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Holman ◽  
Orane Lorton ◽  
Pauline C. Guillemin ◽  
Stéphane Desgranges ◽  
Christiane Contino-Pépin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Fluorine Content ◽  
Blood Substitutes ◽  
Perfluorocarbon Emulsion ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
High Fluorine Content ◽  
Mri Sequences ◽  
Widespread Access

Perfluorocarbon emulsions offer a variety of applications in medical imaging. The substances can be useful for most radiological imaging modalities; including, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography. Recently, the substance has gained much interest for theranostics, with both imaging and therapeutic potential. As MRI sequences improve and more widespread access to 19F-MRI coils become available, perfluorocarbon emulsions have great potential for new commercial imaging agents, due to high fluorine content and previous regulatory approval as antihypoxants and blood substitutes. This mini review aims to discuss the chemistry and physics of these contrast agents, in addition to highlighting some of the past, recent, and potential applications.

scholarly journals Fluorine in natural waters of the Odesa region: Medicaland geographical analysis

2017 ◽  
pp. 346-357
Author(s):  
Valentina Trigub
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Fluorine Content ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
High Fluorine Content ◽  
Dental Diseases ◽  
Anthropogenic Loading ◽  
The City

The study of fluorine content in the natural waters of the Odesa region was carried out. The content of fluorine in the waters of the centralized and non-centralized drinking waters supply of the Odesa region and the city of Odesa is determined. Areas with low and high fluorine content are found. Very low fluorine content is determined in Kiliyskyi, Bilyaivskyi, Kodimskyi and Savranskyi districts of the Odessa region. High fluorine content (above MAC) is determined in the Tarutinskiy and Arzizkyi districts. Correlation dependence of fluorine content in drinking water of the Odesa region and indicators of the prevalence of dental diseases (caries and fluorosis of teeth) of the population of the region and the city are established. It is determined that for most districts of the region there is a relationship between the content of fluorine in drinking waters and dental health. In some areas, this dependence is not sufficiently expressed, which is due to the geochemical and ecological characteristics of the territory. It is revealed that for the population of Odesa, who use water with very low fluoride content, high indicators of the disease for caries and fluorosis of teeth are characteristic, which is connected with the allocation of industrial areas with significant anthropogenic loading, including fluorine compounds. One of the possible causes of dental disease, even with optimal fluorine content in drinking water, can be the combination of its action with other chemical elements. Key words: fluorine, drinking water, Odesa region, Odesa city, caries and fluorosis of teeth.

scholarly journals Activation of plasma complement by perfluorocarbon artificial blood: probable mechanism of adverse pulmonary reactions in treated patients and rationale for corticosteroids prophylaxis

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1299-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Vercellotti ◽  
DE Hammerschmidt ◽  
PR Craddock ◽  
HS Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Blood Substitutes ◽  
Perfluorocarbon Emulsion ◽  
Artificial Blood ◽  
American Patient ◽  
Nonionic Detergent ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Perfluorocarbons have shown promise as clinical blood substitutes. Although early experience in Japan with one such product--Fluosol-DA-- has been uncomplicated, we observed an adverse pulmonary reaction in the first American patient to receive it and know of similar reactions in two other Americans so treated. Postulating that activation of plasma complement (C) by the perfluorocarbon emulsion might have caused the reaction, we tested the product to determine if it is an activator of complement. Incubation of Fluosol with plasma led to C3 conversion, decrement in CH50, and generation of C5a-related PMN aggregating activity; EDTA prevented such activation, while EGTA did not, suggesting that it proceeded via the alternative C pathway. Infusion of Fluosol into rabbits produced hypoxemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and pulmonary leukostasis, mimicking abnormalities previously demonstrated in rabbits receiving infusions of zymosan-activated plasma C. These deleterious responses to Fluosol were diminished by premedicating rabbits with corticosteroids (which had seemed to benefit when used empirically in our patient). In vitro and in vivo, Fluosol's effects were reproduced by Pluronic F-68, the nonionic detergent used to maintain the emulsion stability of Fluosol-DA. We conclude that adverse reactions to Fluosol are probably mediated by C activation and that steroid premedication may prevent them in susceptible patients.

scholarly journals Determining the Effect of Pterostilbene on Insulin Secretion Using Chemoproteomics

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2885
Author(s):  
Chiara Cassiano ◽  
Daniela Eletto ◽  
Alessandra Tosco ◽  
Raffaele Riccio ◽  
Maria Chiara Monti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Pharmacological Profile ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
Cell Assays ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Pterostilbene, the 3,5-dimethoxy derivative of resveratrol, is a well-known polyphenolic compound, mainly found in blueberries, grapevines, and Pterocarpus marsupium heartwood, which has recently attracted a great deal of attention due to its wide bio-pharmacological profile. Moreover, pterostilbene is more lipophilic than resveratrol, with a consequently better bioavailability and a more interesting therapeutic potential. In this work, a chemoproteomic approach, based on affinity chromatography, was applied on pterostilbene in the attempt to identify the biological targets responsible for its bioactivity. On this basis, syntaxins, a group of proteins involved in the formation of SNARE complexes mediating vesicles exocytosis, were selected among the most interesting pterostilbene interactors. In vitro and in cell assays gave evidence of the pterostilbene ability to reduce insulin secretion on glucose-stimulated pancreatic beta cells, opening the way to potential applications of pterostilbene as a supplement in the care of insulin-dependent metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the neuroprotective effect of taurine in Alzheimer’s disease using functional molecular imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Se Jong Oh ◽  
Hae-June Lee ◽  
Ye Ji Jeong ◽  
Kyung Rok Nam ◽  
Kyung Jun Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Brain Uptake ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Taurine Treatment

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia, but therapeutic treatment options are limited. Taurine has been reported to have neuroprotective properties against dementia, including AD. The present study aimed to investigate the treatment effect of taurine in AD mice by functional molecular imaging. To elucidate glutamate alterations by taurine, taurine was administered to 5xFAD transgenic mice from 2 months of age, known to apear amyloid deposition. Then, we performed glutamate positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies for three groups (wild-type, AD, and taurine-treated AD, n = 5 in each group). As a result, brain uptake in the taurine-treated AD group was 31–40% higher than that in the AD group (cortex: 40%, p < 0.05; striatum: 32%, p < 0.01; hippocampus: 36%, p < 0.01; thalamus: 31%, p > 0.05) and 3–14% lower than that in the WT group (cortex: 10%, p > 0.05; striatum: 15%, p > 0.05; hippocampus: 14%, p > 0.05; thalamus: 3%, p > 0.05). However, we did not observe differences in Aβ pathology between the taurine-treated AD and AD groups in immunohistochemistry experiments. Our results reveal that although taurine treatment did not completely recover the glutamate system, it significantly increased metabolic glutamate receptor type 5 brain uptake. Therefore, taurine has therapeutic potential against AD.

Nanomedicine in Cardiovascular Diseases: Emerging Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Sureddi ◽  
Jawahar L. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Liposomal Amphotericin ◽  
Iron Nanoparticles ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Routine Clinical Practice ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Potential Applications

Cardiovascular diseases, especially myocardial ischemia, have been a leading cause of death worldwide for several decades. Despite major advances in the diagnostic and therapeutic modalities available for the clinical management of patients with cardiovascular disease, significant limitations remain. The use of very small molecular particles has recently emerged as a novel technique for diagnostic imaging and treatment of a variety of disease processes and can be broadly classified under the category Nanomedicine. Many diagnostic and therapeutic modalities based on these small molecular particles have become part of routine clinical practice, such as liposomal amphotericin B for the treatment of fungal infections and iron nanoparticles for imaging liver tumors. In this review, we discuss the potential applications of nanomedicine in the management of cardiovascular diseases.

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