scholarly journals Sex Differences in Gut Microbial Development of Preterm Infant Twins in Early Life: A Longitudinal Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Chen ◽  
Hongfei Li ◽  
Sarah M. Hird ◽  
Ming-Hui Chen ◽  
Wanli Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Preterm Infant ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Neurobehavioral Development

Infant gut microbiota plays a vital role in immune response, mediates neurobehavioral development and health maintenance. Studies of twins’ gut microbiota found that gut microbiota composition and diversity tend to be mature and stable with increasing postnatal age (PNA). Preterm infant gut microbiome shifts dramatically when they were staying in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Compositions and shifting characteristics of gut microbiota among neonatal preterm twins and triplets during their early life are still unknown, which impedes a better understanding of the mechanism underpinning neurobehavioral development and precise intervention/health of preterm neonates. This longitudinal cohort study used a twins/triplets design to investigate the interaction of genetic (e.g., male vs. female) and environmental factors influencing the development of the gut microbiome in early life. We included 39 preterm infants, 12 were Female twins/triplets (Female T/T) including 3 twins pairs and 2 triplets, 12 were male twins (Male T) including 6 twins pairs, and 15 were mixed-sex twins/triplets (Mix T/T) including 6 twins pairs and 1 triplet (8 females and 7 males) during the first four weeks of NICU stay. Weekly gut microbiota patterns between females and males were compared by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe). Metagenomics function of gut microbiota was predicted by using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt). Weekly function (KEGG pathways) differences between females and males were detected by using Statistical Analysis of Metagenomic Profiles (STAMP). Results found that female pairs and male pairs were significantly different in gut microbiome diversity, compositions, and predicted metabolic profiles, importantly, females and males were also significantly dissimilar within their co-twin/triplet pairs of the mixed-sex group, infants of co-twins/triplets shared more similar features than un-related infants from different twins’ pair. Future research developing personalized interventions for vulnerable high-risk infants should consider sex, and the interaction of sex and environmental factors.

The Gut Microbiome in Integrative Gastroenterology

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-80
Author(s):  
Gerard E. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Digestive Disease ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
Fecal Transplantation ◽  
Systemic Dissemination ◽  
Mode Of Birth

The gut microbiome consists of trillions of bacteria that play an essential role in human metabolism. Environmental factors play a role in the development of the gut microbiome. Hygiene, antibiotic usage, urbanization, mode of birth, breast-feeding, and family size influence the development of the gut microbiota in early life. Distortion in the gut microbial ecology has been linked to the pathophysiology of many diseases via disruption of the gut barrier lining, promoting local and systemic inflammation, and by the systemic dissemination of bacteria-derived byproducts, and other luminal antigens that set into motion a cascade of deleterious events. Manipulation of the gut flora through diet, prebiotics and probiotics, antibiotics, and fecal transplantation has the potential to influence digestive disease health outcomes.

scholarly journals Host Genetics and Gut Microbiome: Perspectives for Multiple Sclerosis

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1181
Author(s):  
Alessandro Maglione ◽  
Miriam Zuccalà ◽  
Martina Tosi ◽  
Marinella Clerico ◽  
Simona Rolla
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Host Genetics

As a complex disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS)’s etiology is determined by both genetic and environmental factors. In the last decade, the gut microbiome has emerged as an important environmental factor, but its interaction with host genetics is still unknown. In this review, we focus on these dual aspects of MS pathogenesis: we describe the current knowledge on genetic factors related to MS, based on genome-wide association studies, and then illustrate the interactions between the immune system, gut microbiome and central nervous system in MS, summarizing the evidence available from Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis mouse models and studies in patients. Finally, as the understanding of influence of host genetics on the gut microbiome composition in MS is in its infancy, we explore this issue based on the evidence currently available from other autoimmune diseases that share with MS the interplay of genetic with environmental factors (Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus), and discuss avenues for future research.

scholarly journals Guidelines for Transparency on Gut Microbiome Studies in Essential and Experimental Hypertension

Hypertension ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1279-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine Z. Marques ◽  
Hamdi A. Jama ◽  
Kirill Tsyganov ◽  
Paul A. Gill ◽  
Dakota Rhys-Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Experimental Hypertension

Hypertension is a complex and modifiable condition in which environmental factors contribute to both onset and progression. Recent evidence has accumulated for roles of diet and the gut microbiome as environmental factors in blood pressure regulation. However, this is complex because gut microbiomes are a unique feature of each individual reflecting that individual’s developmental and environmental history creating caveats for both experimental models and human studies. Here, we describe guidelines for conducting gut microbiome studies in experimental and clinical hypertension. We provide a complete guide for authors on proper design, analyses, and reporting of gut microbiota/microbiome and metabolite studies and checklists that can be used by reviewers and editors to support robust reporting and interpretation. We discuss factors that modulate the gut microbiota in animal (eg, cohort, controls, diet, developmental age, housing, sex, and models used) and human studies (eg, blood pressure measurement and medication, body mass index, demographic characteristics including age, cultural identification, living structure, sex and socioeconomic environment, and exclusion criteria). We also provide best practice advice on sampling, storage of fecal/cecal samples, DNA extraction, sequencing methods (including metagenomics and 16S rRNA), and computational analyses. Finally, we discuss the measurement of short-chain fatty acids, metabolites produced by the gut microbiota, and interpretation of data. These guidelines should support better transparency, reproducibility, and translation of findings in the field of gut microbiota/microbiome in hypertension and cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Joint effects of pregnancy, sociocultural, and environmental factors on early life gut microbiome structure and diversity

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert M. Levin ◽  
Alexandra R. Sitarik ◽  
Suzanne L. Havstad ◽  
Kei E. Fujimura ◽  
Ganesa Wegienka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Joint Effects

scholarly journals Although host-related factors are important for the formation of gut microbiota, environmental factors cannot be ignored

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
YeonGyun Jung ◽  
Dorsaf Kerfahi ◽  
Huy Quang Pham ◽  
HyunWoo Son ◽  
Jerald Conrad Ibal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
The Difference

The gut microbiome is essential to human health. However, little is known about the influence of the environment versus host-related factors (e.g. genetic background, sex, age, and body mass) in the formation of human intestinal microflora. Here, we present evidence in support of the importance of host-related factors in the establishment and maintenance of individual gut assemblages. We collected fecal samples (n = 249) from 44 Korean naval trainees and 39 healthy people living in Korea over eight weeks and sequenced the bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The following hypotheses were tested: 1) microbiome function is linked to its diversity, community structure, and genetic host-related factors, and 2) preexisting host-related factors have a more significant effect on gut microbiome formation and composition than environmental factors. For each individual, the difference between the initial gut microbiota and that after eight weeks was negligible even though the 44 naval trainees lived in the same area and received the same diet, the same amount of exercise, and the same amount of physical stress during the study. This suggests that host-related factors, rather than environmental factors, is a key determinant of individual gut microflora. Moreover, eight weeks of physical training and experiencing the same environmental conditions resulted in an increase in the species Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, and Roseburia in most trainees, suggesting a healthier intestinal environment.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome and Cellular Senescence in the Context of Aging and Disease: An Emerging Frontier

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Integrative View ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Relationship Of

The significance of diversity, composition, and functional attributes of the gut microbiota is recognized in human health and disease. Studies have also shown that the gut microbiota is related to human aging, and a causal relationship between gut microflora dysbiosis and chronic age-related disorders is also becoming apparent. Further, emerging evidence indicates that age-associated changes in the gut microbiome are predictors of human survival and longevity. Recent advances in our understanding of the cellular and molecular aspects of biological aging have revealed a cellular senescence-centric view of the aging process. However, the association between gut microbiome and cellular senescence is only beginning to be understood. The present review provides an integrative view of the emerging relationship between the gut microbiome and cellular senescence in aging and disease. Evidence relating to microbiome-mediated modulation of senescent cells, as well as senescent cells-mediated changes in intestinal homeostasis have been discussed. Unanswered questions and future research directions have also been deliberated to truly ascertain the relationship of the gut microbiome and cellular senescence for developing microbiome-based age-delaying and longevity promoting therapies.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Chronic Diseases and Alterations of Gut Microbiome in People of Ningxia China During Urbanization: An Epidemiological Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Du ◽  
Lu Ding ◽  
Li Na ◽  
Ting Sun ◽  
Xian Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Renal Cysts ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition ◽  
Homogenous Population

The continuous development of urbanization has dramatically changed people’s living environment and lifestyle, accompanied by the increased prevalence of chronic diseases. However, there is little research on the effect of urbanization on gut microbiome in residents. Here we investigated the relation between living environment and gut microbiota in a homogenous population along an urban-rural gradient in Ningxia China. According to the degree of urbanization, the population is divided into four groups: mountainous rural (MR) represents non-urbanized areas, mountainous urban (MU) and plain rural (PR) represent preliminary urbanization, and plain urban (PU) is a representative of complete urbanization. Studies have found that with the deepening of urbanization, the prevalence of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, fatty liver, gallstones, and renal cysts, have gradually increased. The intestinal richness and diversity of the microbial community were significantly reduced in the PR and the PU groups compared with the MR and the MU groups. Based on linear discriminant analysis selection, the significantly enriched genera Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, and Pseudobutyrivibrio in the MR group gradually decreased in the MU, the PR, and the PU groups. Effect size results revealed that both residence and diet had an effect on intestinal microbiota. Our results suggested that the disparate patterns of gut microbiota composition were revealed at different levels of urbanization, providing an opportunity to understand the pathogenesis of chronic diseases and the contribution of the “rural microbiome” in potential protection against the occurrence of chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Evolutionary Significance of the Neuroendocrine Stress Axis on Vertebrate Immunity and the Influence of the Microbiome on Early-Life Stress Regulation and Health Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van A. Ortega ◽  
Emily M. Mercer ◽  
Gerald F. Giesbrecht ◽  
Marie-Claire Arrieta
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Stress Axis ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Health Maintenance

Stress is broadly defined as the non-specific biological response to changes in homeostatic demands and is mediated by the evolutionarily conserved neuroendocrine networks of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system. Activation of these networks results in transient release of glucocorticoids (cortisol) and catecholamines (epinephrine) into circulation, as well as activation of sympathetic fibers innervating end organs. These interventions thus regulate numerous physiological processes, including energy metabolism, cardiovascular physiology, and immunity, thereby adapting to cope with the perceived stressors. The developmental trajectory of the stress-axis is influenced by a number of factors, including the gut microbiome, which is the community of microbes that colonizes the gastrointestinal tract immediately following birth. The gut microbiome communicates with the brain through the production of metabolites and microbially derived signals, which are essential to human stress response network development. Ecological perturbations to the gut microbiome during early life may result in the alteration of signals implicated in developmental programming during this critical window, predisposing individuals to numerous diseases later in life. The vulnerability of stress response networks to maladaptive development has been exemplified through animal models determining a causal role for gut microbial ecosystems in HPA axis activity, stress reactivity, and brain development. In this review, we explore the evolutionary significance of the stress-axis system for health maintenance and review recent findings that connect early-life microbiome disturbances to alterations in the development of stress response networks.

scholarly journals Genome-resolved metaproteomic characterization of preterm infant gut microbiota development reveals species-specific metabolic shifts and variabilities during early life

Microbiome ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weili Xiong ◽  
Christopher T. Brown ◽  
Michael J. Morowitz ◽  
Jillian F. Banfield ◽  
Robert L. Hettich
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Preterm Infant ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Anti-Acid Drug Treatment Induces Changes in the Gut Microbiome Composition of Hemodialysis Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Yi-Ting Lin ◽  
Ting-Yun Lin ◽  
Szu-Chun Hung ◽  
Po-Yu Liu ◽  
Ping-Hsun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
H2 Blocker ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
16S Rna

Anti-acid drugs, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and histamine-2 blocker (H2-blocker), are commonly prescribed to treat gastrointestinal disorders. These anti-acid drugs alter gut microbiota in the general population, but their effects are not known in hemodialysis patients. Hence, we investigated the microbiota composition in hemodialysis patients treated with PPIs or H2-blocker. Among 193 hemodialysis patients, we identified 32 H2-blocker users, 23 PPI users, and 138 no anti-acid drug subjects. Fecal samples were obtained to analyze the gut microbiome using 16S RNA amplicon sequencing. Differences in the microbial composition of the H2-blocker users, PPI users, and controls were assessed using linear discriminant analysis effect size and the random forest algorithm. The species richness or evenness (α-diversity) was similar among the three groups, whereas the inter-individual diversity (β-diversity) was different between H2-blocker users, PPI users, and controls. Hemodialysis patients treated with H2-blocker and PPIs had a higher microbial dysbiosis index than the controls, with a significant increase in the genera Provetella 2, Phascolarctobacterium, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, and Eubacterium oxidoreducens group in H2-blocker users, and Streptococcus and Veillonella in PPI users. In addition, compared to the H2-blocker users, there was a significant enrichment of the genera Streptococcus in PPI users, as confirmed by the random forest analysis and the confounder-adjusted regression model. In conclusion, PPIs significantly changed the gut microbiota composition in hemodialysis patients compared to H2-blocker users or controls. Importantly, the Streptococcus genus was significantly increased in PPI treatment. These findings caution against the overuse of PPIs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document