scholarly journals Functional Intricacy and Symmetry of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Parasitic Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Seun Olajide ◽  
Bolatito Olopade ◽  
Jianping Cai
Keyword(s):  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Dynamic Landscapes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Molecular Crosstalk

RNAs are a class of molecules and the majority in eukaryotes are arbitrarily termed non- coding transcripts which are broadly classified as short and long non-coding RNAs. Recently, knowledge of the identification and functions of long non-coding RNAs have continued to accumulate and they are being recognized as important molecules that regulate parasite-host interface, parasite differentiation, host responses, and disease progression. Herein, we present and integrate the functions of host and parasite long non-coding RNAs during infections within the context of epigenetic re-programming and molecular crosstalk in the course of host-parasite interactions. Also, the modular range of parasite and host long non-coding RNAs in coordinated parasite developmental changes and host immune dynamic landscapes are discussed. We equally canvass the prospects of long non-coding RNAs in disease diagnosis and prognosis. Hindsight and suggestions are offered with the aim that it will bolster our understanding for future works on host and parasite long non-coding RNAs.

scholarly journals Noise pollution: acute noise exposure increases susceptibility to disease and chronic exposure reduces host survival

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 200172
Author(s):  
Numair Masud ◽  
Laura Hayes ◽  
Davide Crivelli ◽  
Stephen Grigg ◽  
Jo Cable
Keyword(s):  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
The Impact

Anthropogenic noise is a pervasive global pollutant that has been detected in every major habitat on the planet. Detrimental impacts of noise pollution on physiology, immunology and behaviour have been shown in terrestrial vertebrates and invertebrates. Equivalent research on aquatic organisms has until recently been stunted by the misnomer of a silent underwater world. In fish, however, noise pollution can lead to stress, hearing loss, behavioural changes and impacted immunity. But, the functional effects of this impacted immunity on disease resistance due to noise exposure have remained neglected. Parasites that cause transmissible disease are key drivers of ecosystem biodiversity and a significant factor limiting the sustainable expansion of the animal trade. Therefore, understanding how a pervasive stressor is impacting host–parasite interactions will have far-reaching implications for global animal health. Here, we investigated the impact of acute and chronic noise on vertebrate susceptibility to parasitic infections, using a model host–parasite system (guppy– Gyrodactylus turnbulli ). Hosts experiencing acute noise suffered significantly increased parasite burden compared with those in no noise treatments. By contrast, fish experiencing chronic noise had the lowest parasite burden. However, these hosts died significantly earlier compared with those exposed to acute and no noise treatments. By revealing the detrimental impacts of acute and chronic noise on host–parasite interactions, we add to the growing body of evidence demonstrating a link between noise pollution and reduced animal health.

scholarly journals Coccidia-Microbiota Interactions and Their Effects on the Host

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenyang Lu ◽  
Yaqun Yan ◽  
Fuchun Jian ◽  
Changshen Ning
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
And Control

As a common parasitic disease in animals, coccidiosis substantially affects the health of the host, even in the absence of clinical symptoms and intestinal tract colonization. Gut microbiota is an important part of organisms and is closely related to the parasite and host. Parasitic infections often have adverse effects on the host, and their pathogenic effects are related to the parasite species, parasitic site and host-parasite interactions. Coccidia-microbiota-host interactions represent a complex network in which changes in one link may affect the other two factors. Furthermore, coccidia-microbiota interactions are not well understood and require further research. Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which coccidia interact directly or indirectly with the gut microbiota and the effects on the host. Understanding the mechanisms underlying coccidia-microbiota-host interactions is important to identify new probiotic strategies for the prevention and control of coccidiosis.

Étude comparée des premières étapes de l'infection chez des bananiers sensibles et résistants infectés par le Cercospora fijiensis (Mycosphaerella fijiensis) agent responsable de la maladie des raies noires

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1328-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Beveraggi ◽  
X. Mourichon ◽  
G. Sallé
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Mycosphaerella Fijiensis ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Active Defense ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Cellular Necrosis ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Host Parasite

A study of the first infection stages of banana by Cercospora fijiensis was carried out using an experimental host–parasite system including three cultivars, Yangambi km5 (Musa, AAA, Ibota subgroup), Fougamou (Musa, ABB, Pisang awak subgroup), and Grande naine (Musa, AAA, Cavendish subgroup). These cultivars are representative of three host responses to infection: highly resistant (cessation of the infection process after the first streak stage), partially resistant, and susceptible. Observations on the early stages of infection and the chronology of events linked to the host plant (cellular necrosis) and to the parasite (cessation of growth) showed two different interactions in cvs. Fougamou and Yangambi. These observations were confirmed by an ultrastructural study. Partial resistance in cv. Fougamou appeared to be partly linked to a préexistent anti-fungal, plant phenolic component. In the highly resistant cv. Yangambi, an active defense mechanism took place just after penetration of stomata by the fungus. Key words: Cercospora fijiensis, banana, host–parasite interactions, mechanisms of resistance, polyphenols.

scholarly journals Comprehensive analysis of human hookworm secreted proteins using a proteogenomic approach

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Logan ◽  
SS Manda ◽  
YJ Choi ◽  
M Field ◽  
RM Eichenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Heligmosomoides Polygyrus ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Parasite Survival ◽  
Proteome Level ◽  
Host Parasite

SummaryThe human hookworm Necator americanus infects more than 400 million people worldwide, contributing substantially to the poverty in these regions. Adult stage N. americanus live in the small intestine of the human host where they inject excretory/secretory (ES) products into the mucosa. ES products have been characterized at the proteome level for a number of animal hookworm species, but until now, the difficulty in obtaining sufficient live N. americanus has been an obstacle in characterizing the secretome of this important human pathogen. Herein we describe the ES proteome of N. americanus and utilize this information to conduct the first proteogenomic analysis of a parasitic helminth, significantly improving the available genome and thereby generating a robust description of the parasite secretome. The genome annotation resulted in a a revised prediction of 3,425 fewer genes than initially reported, accompanied by a significant increase in the number of exons and introns, total gene length and the percentage of the genome covered by genes. Almost 200 ES proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS with SCP/TAPS proteins, ‘hypothetical’ proteins and proteases among the most abundant families. These proteins were compared to commonly used model species of human parasitic infections, including Ancylostoma caninum, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Our findings provide valuable information on important families of proteins with both known and unknown functions that could be instrumental in host-parasite interactions, including protein families that might be key for parasite survival in the onslaught of robust immune responses, as well as vaccine and drug targets.

scholarly journals Enteric Tuft Cells in Host-Parasite Interactions

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1163
Author(s):  
Sruthi Rajeev ◽  
Olivia Sosnowski ◽  
Shuhua Li ◽  
Thibault Allain ◽  
André G. Buret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Current State ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Tuft Cell ◽  
Tuft Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Host Parasite

Enteric tuft cells are chemosensory epithelial cells gaining attention in the field of host-parasite interactions. Expressing a repertoire of chemosensing receptors and mediators, these cells have the potential to detect lumen-dwelling helminth and protozoan parasites and coordinate epithelial, immune, and neuronal cell defenses against them. This review highlights the versatility of enteric tuft cells and sub-types thereof, showcasing nuances of tuft cell responses to different parasites, with a focus on helminths reflecting the current state of the field. The role of enteric tuft cells in irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal viral infection is assessed in the context of concomitant infection with parasites. Finally, the review presents pertinent questions germane to understanding the enteric tuft cell and its role in enteric parasitic infections. There is much to be done to fully elucidate the response of this intriguing cell type to parasitic-infection and there is negligible data on the biology of the human enteric tuft cell—a glaring gap in knowledge that must be filled.

MicroRNAs and their role in hematological malignant diseases

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (52) ◽  
pp. 2051-2059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Gaál ◽  
Éva Oláh
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Oncologic Patients ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Success Of Treatment ◽  
Posttranscriptional Level

MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression at posttranscriptional level. Their target genes include numerous regulators of cell cycle, cell proliferation as well as apoptosis. Therefore, they are implicated in the initiation and progression of cancer, tissue invasion and metastasis formation as well. MicroRNA profiles supply much information about both the origin and the differentiation state of tumours. MicroRNAs also have a key role during haemopoiesis. An altered expression level of those have often been observed in different types of leukemia. There are successful attempts to apply microRNAs in the diagnosis and prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. Measurement of the expression levels may help to predict the success of treatment with different kinds of chemotherapeutic drugs. MicroRNAs are also regarded as promising therapeutic targets, and can contribute to a more personalized therapeutic approach in haemato-oncologic patients. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 2051–2059.

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