scholarly journals Detection of Specific IgG-Antibodies Against Toxoplasma gondii in the Serum and Milk of Domestic Donkeys During Lactation in China: A Potential Public Health Concern

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Chen ◽  
Zi-Jian Zhao ◽  
Qing-Feng Meng
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Donkey Milk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Consistency

Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide zoonotic protozoan. Donkeys are often susceptible to many pathological agents, acting as carriers of pathogens for other animal species and humans. However, data on the prevalence of T. gondii in donkeys during lactation and on the status of antibodies against T. gondii in donkey milk are lacking. A cross-sectional study evaluated the variation of the anti-T. gondii antibodies in the blood and milk of domestic donkeys during lactation. A total of 418 domestic donkeys were randomly selected from the Shandong province, eastern China from January 2019 to March 2020. The anti-T. gondii antibodies were found in 11.72% (49/418) serum and 9.81% (41/418) milk samples using a commercial ELISA kit, respectively. There was a very high consistency between the serum and milk (Spearman’s coefficient = 0.858, p-value < 0.0001 and Kendall’s tau = 0.688, p-value < 0.0001), particularly at the 45th to 60th day of lactation. The present results of the statistical analysis showed that the history of abortion (p = 0.026; adjusted OR = 2.20; 95% CI: 1.15–4.20) and cat in the house (p = 0.008; adjusted OR = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.26–4.44) were significantly associated with T. gondii infection in the domestic donkeys. This is the first report to detect antibodies against T. gondii in donkey milk in China. These results indicate a potential risk of humans contracting the infection through the consumption of raw milk from the naturally infected donkeys.

scholarly journals Retrospective Analysis of Metabolic Syndrome: Prevalence and Distribution in Executive Population in Urban Pakistan

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niloufer Sultan Ali ◽  
Ali Khan Khuwaja ◽  
Adnan-ur-Rahman ◽  
Kashmira Nanji
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of

Background. Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a major public health concern. Objective. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of MetS, its components, and factors associated with MetS amongst apparently healthy individuals in Pakistan. Methods. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the executive Clinics of Aga Khan Hospital, Pakistan. Medical records of patients aged ≥18 years visiting the clinics from July 2011 to December 2011 were consecutively reviewed. Records in which either MetS components data or 10% of overall data was missing were excluded. A total of 1329 participants’ records was included in final analysis. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 19 and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with MetS. Results. A total of 847 (63.7%) participants had MetS; mean age of the participants were 47.6 ± 11.6 years. About 70.4% were males and 29.6% were females. Approximately 70% of participants had BMI ≥25 kg/m2. MetS was associated with male gender (AOR = 2.1; 95% C.I: 1.6–3.2) and history of diabetes among parents (AOR = 3.0; 95% C.I: 1.6–6.0). Conclusion. This study shows that a large proportion of population has MetS and is overweight or obese. This requires urgent interventions on part of health care providers’ especially family physicians. Educating masses about life style factors can make a difference. Further researches on this issue are warranted.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for HBV and HCV among incarcerated people who inject drugs in Iran: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghobad Moradi ◽  
Parvin Mohamadi ◽  
Bushra Zareie ◽  
Mohammad Aziz Rasouli ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Gouya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hcv Screening

Abstract Background: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among incarcerated people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran during 2015-16. Methods : The required data was collected from a database provided by Iranian national bio-behavioral surveillance surveys (BBSSs) of 11988 prisoners who were selected using multi-stage sampling method from among 55 prisons in 19 provinces during 2015-16. The data on demographics and behavioral status of subjects were collected through interviews and the status of HBV and HCV exposure were determined using ELISA blood test. A total of 1387 individuals with a lifetime history of drug injection were enrolled into the study. Data were analyzed using the survey package in Stata/SE 14.0. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to investigate the relationships between risk factors and outcomes. Results : The mean age of the incarcerated PWID was 36.83 ± 8.13 years. Of all, 98.46% were male and 50.97% were married. The prevalence of HCV and HBV were 40.52% and 2.46%, respectively. HCV prevalence was associated with age≥30 years, being single, illiteracy and low level of education, prison term>5 years, history of piercing, and extramarital sex in a lifetime (P<0.05). Conclusions : The prevalence of HCV is alarmingly high. In general, it is recommended to adopt measures for HCV screening and treatment and HBV vaccination for incarcerated PWID without a history of vaccination.

scholarly journals Are normoglycaemic individuals at risk of depression? The depression-dysglycaemic phenotype from a European population-based cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Cuschieri ◽  
Julian Mamo
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Depression is an ever more common chronic non communicable disease and its control constitutes a growing public health concern given its links with a number of co-morbidities, including diabetes mellitus. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression at a population level across groups of different glycaemic status, whilst establishing its socioeconomic phenotypic characteristics.Methods A nationally representative cross-sectional study was conducted in Malta between 2014 and 2016. Participants were categorized into different sub-populations according to their glycaemic status. Depression prevalence rates and socio-economic characteristics for each sub-population were established. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify links with depression.Results Depression was prevalent in 17.15% (CI 95%: 16.01 – 18.36) with a female predominance. The normoglycaemic sub-population had the highest depression rates. However, persons with known diabetes had a higher probability of having a history of depression (OR:2.36 CI 95%:1.12 – 4.96), as well as with being of the female gender, having lower educational status, having a history of smoking tobacco and having established cardiovascular disease.Conclusions Depression was highly prevalent among the normoglycaemic population especially as age progress. Physicians in primary care should implement a depression screening tool as part of their routine health check-ups, with special attention to those with cardiovascular co-morbidities and any signs of psycho-socio-economic burden.

PREVALENCE OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN SUB-URBAN POPULATION OF CHENNAI USING QUS (QUANTITATIVE ULTRASOUND) OF CALCANEUM -A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-44
Author(s):  
S. Balameena ◽  
R Agavendra ◽  
Karthikeyan Karthikeyan ◽  
Sujatha Sujatha ◽  
Sabarish Sabarish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Past History ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ultrasound Score

Background:Burden of Osteoporosis and its related fractures are enormous and growing public health concern. Worldwide, an estimated 200 million adults suffer from osteoporosis. Vertebral and non-vertebral fractures are the most clinically relevant osteoporotic fracture because they are expensive to treat and have severe consequences for middle aged and elderly population.(1 ,2) The purpose of our study was to assess calcaneal ultrasound score as a screening test for osteoporosis. Material and Methods: Fifty patients above the age of 40 years who attended a health checkup camp conducted by our institute in a suburban population base of Chennai,Tamilnadu was subjected for noninvasive QUS of calcaneum bone as a screening test for osteoporosis. They were divided into different age groups ,co-morbid conditions noted and BMD scores from QUS was assessed. Statistical method were used with SPSS Version .It was a cross sectional descriptive study. Results: A total of 50 patients underwent QUS of calcaneum bone in our study , all of them above the age of 40 years. 33(66%) of them were females and 17(34%) were males. Eight patients( 16% ) had T score < -2.5 out of which 1 was male. 26 patients(52%) had T scores in the osteopenic range (-1>Tscore>-2.5).16 patients(32%) had T scores in the normal range. 40 % of patients had associated osteoarthritis and four patients had diabetes. 2 patients who underwent screening had past history of nontraumatic fractures. Conclusion: QUS of calcaneum is a good screening tool for assessing bone density in our country since its cost effective and can be used in various screening camps. The machine is portable and can be used with minimal training making it easier for the primary caregiver. It has reasonably good sensitivity and fair specicity when using Tscore of -2.5 as the cut off point. However DEXAis the gold standard for treatment and followup of patients with osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and risk factors for HBV and HCV among incarcerated people who inject drugs in Iran: A cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghobad Moradi ◽  
Parvin Mohamadi ◽  
Bushra Zareie ◽  
Mohammad Aziz Rasouli ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Gouya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regression Tests

Abstract Background This study aimed at determining the prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among incarcerated people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran in 2015–16. Methods The required data was collected from a database provided by Iranian national bio-behavioral surveillance surveys (BBSSs) on 11,988 prisoners selected from among 55 prisons in 19 provinces in 2015–16. The data on demographics and behavioral variables were collected through interviews and the status of exposure to HBV and HCV were determined using ELISA blood test. A total of 1387 individuals with a history of drug injection in their lifetime were enrolled into the study. Data were analyzed using the survey package in Stata/SE software, Version 14.0. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression tests were used to investigate the relationships between risk factors and outcomes. Results The mean age of the incarcerated PWID was 36.83 ± 8.13 years. Of all the studied subjects, 98.46% were male and 50.97% were married. The prevalence of HCV and HBV among the subjects were 40.52 and 2.46%, respectively. The prevalence of HCV was associated with age ≥ 30 years, being single, illiteracy and low level of education, prison term> 5 years, history of piercing, and extramarital sex in lifetime (P < 0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of HCV is alarmingly high. In general, it is recommended to adopt measures to screen and treat patients with HCV and vaccinat incarcerated PWID without a history of vaccination against HBV.

scholarly journals Anaemia Prevalence and Contributory Factors among Children in Uttarakhand, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Shweta Suri ◽  
Anuradha Dutta ◽  
Rita Singh Raghuvanshi ◽  
Anupama Singh ◽  
C. S. Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression ◽  
History Of

Background: In India, Anaemia among children is still one of the major nutritional problems of public health concern. Aim of the Study: The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of anaemia among Anganwadi children (3-6 years of age) and to determine the important risk factors associated with anaemia. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted among 390 Anganwadi children of Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttarakhand, during April, 2019- August, 2019. Methodology: In this cross sectional study, data on socio-demographic, socioeconomic, hygiene and dietary practices were collected using a self-structured questionnaire. Hemoglobin (Hb) and anthropometric measurements were carried out. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (AOR). Results: A majority, 70.54% of the Anganwadi children were found to be anaemic, with higher prevalence among male children (51.30%) as compared to female children (48.70%). The mean hemoglobin concentration of children was 9.91 (±1.9 g/dl). Stunting was higher among males (54.83%) as compared to females (45.17%).Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that anaemia was significantly associated with monthly income of family AOR (95% CI) 3.25(2.49, 4.00), mother's illiteracy AOR (95% CI) 1.98 (1.49, 2.46), history of anaemia in mother AOR (95% CI) 1.60(0.67, 2.52 ), history of worms in child's stool AOR (95% CI) 3.17(2.26,4.03), barefoot walking AOR (95% CI) 3.08(2.11,4.04) and lack of habit of hand washing AOR (95% CI) 1.55(0.98, 2.11). Conclusion: The prevalence of anaemia among children was high. Iron supplementation, nutrition education among mothers and overall personal hygiene are important to ameliorate their iron status.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for HBV and HCV among incarcerated people who inject drugs in Iran: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghobad Moradi ◽  
Parvin Mohamadi ◽  
Bushra Zareie ◽  
Mohammad Aziz Rasouli ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Gouya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regression Tests

Abstract Background: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among incarcerated people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran in 2015-16. Methods: The required data was collected from a database provided by Iranian national bio-behavioral surveillance surveys (BBSSs) on 11988 prisoners selected from among 55 prisons in 19 provinces in 2015-16. The data on demographics and behavioral variables were collected through interviews and the status of exposure to HBV and HCV were determined using ELISA blood test. A total of 1387 individuals with a history of drug injection in their lifetime were enrolled into the study. Data were analyzed using the survey package in Stata/SE software, Version 14.0. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression tests were used to investigate the relationships between risk factors and outcomes.Results: The mean age of the incarcerated PWID was 36.83 ± 8.13 years. Of all the studied subjects, 98.46% were male and 50.97% were married. The prevalence of HCV and HBV among the subjects were 40.52% and 2.46%, respectively. The prevalence of HCV was associated with age≥30 years, being single, illiteracy and low level of education, prison term>5 years, history of piercing, and extramarital sex in lifetime (P<0.05).Conclusions: The prevalence of HCV is alarmingly high. In general, it is recommended to adopt measures to screen and treat patients with HCV and vaccinat incarcerated PWID without a history of vaccination against HBV.

Epidemic and PCR-based identification of vibrio cholera through OmpW gene from diarrheal patients admitted at different hospitals of Baluchistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ashiq Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Kamran Taj ◽  
Muhammad Shafi Khosa ◽  
Bezan Baloch ◽  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Class ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vibrio Cholera ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rice Water

Abstracts Objective: The research was designed to study the different epidemiological and PCR-based identification of Vibrio cholera. Method: The  cross  sectional  study  was  performed  in Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, University of Balochistan, Quetta  from January 5, 2019 till December 6, 2019. Fecal / rectal swab samples were taken with a history of untreated severe (rice water) diarrhea of less than 12 hours duration. Total 444 stool samples were collected from suspected cholera patients at different hospitals of Balochistan. Isolates were examined and identified on the basis of colony characters on TCBS agar. susppected colonies were subjected to gram staining, various biochemical tests and PCR base identification. Results: The result shows that 7.43 % were V.cholerae positive while 92.56% were found negative. The rates of incidence was highest in individuals in 1-20 years old patients as compared to other age group patients. The gender wise distribution of cholera infection was found high in male (4.05%) as compared to female patients (3.37%). The percentage of cholera infection was high in Baluch (4.05%) race as compared to other races of Baluchistan. The status wise distribution showed that lower class (4.05%) was more affected as compared to other classes of Balochistan. Literacy and illiteracy wise distribution showed that the illiterate patients (5.85%) were more affected. The incidence of cholera infection was more in summer (4.27%) and spring (1.80%) seasons as compared to other seasons of Balochistan. Continuous...

scholarly journals Leptospira pada Tikus dan Badan Air serta Riwayat Penularan Penderita di Daerah Baru Kasus Leptospirosis di Bantul

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Zumrotus Sholichah ◽  
Bondan Fajar Wahyudi ◽  
Corry Laura Junita Sianturi ◽  
Novia Tri Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of

In 2017 leptospirosis cases occur in new areas in Bantul where cases have never been previously reported. Cases still occur in 2018 with an interval of two months after the first case. Preventive and curative efforts in the context of controlling cases have been carried out by the local health office, in addition to these control efforts, it is also necessary to know the presence of Leptospira in rats and water bodies in the area as well as the history of patients transmission. This study was conducted to provide epidemiological data, especially the status of Leptospira in rats as reservoir animal and water bodies as well as a history of patient activity as basic data for leptospirosis control in Gilangharjo Village.  This cross-sectional study was conducted at the case location in RT 03 Jodog, Gilangharjo Village, Pandak District, Bantul Regency, which was conducted in April 2018. Leptospira infection status was carried out on rats and water bodies by molecular examination, while the history of transmission based on interviews with patients and the result of the examination of Leptospira status. Rat species caught were dominated by R.tanezumi, R. norvegicus and B. indica. Positive rat infected with Leptospira were found in B. indica while in water bodies Leptospira contamination was not found. Infected rat can be a source of transmission for humans and other animals. Most of the patient's activities were carried out in the fields and at home, all of the patients had wounds that were not treated, and had a history of contact with rats that might transmit Leptospira to humans.

scholarly journals Serological evidence of exposure to some zoonotic microorganisms in cattle and humans with occupational exposure to livestock in Antioquia, Colombia

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Patricia Eraso-Cadena ◽  
Licet Paola Molina-Guzmán ◽  
Ximena Cardona ◽  
Jaiberth Antonio Cardona-Arias ◽  
Leonardo Alberto Ríos-Osorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
History Of ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria

Bacteria belonging to Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia and Coxiella genera are considered emerging pathogens and livestock is one of the contexts where the transmission of these microorganisms can occur. The goal of this study was to determine serological evidence for the exposure to these bacteria in cattle and humans with occupational exposure to livestock in the subregions North and Magdalena Medio, Antioquia, Colombia, and to explore related factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 48 livestock farms distributed in six municipalities from both subregions: Belmira, Entrerríos and San Pedro de los Milagros (North), and Puerto Berrío, Puerto Nare and Puerto Triunfo (Magdalena Medio). Blood samples from 332 people and 384 bovines were evaluated by serology (IgM and IgG) screening for bacteria from the Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia, and Coxiella genera. Seropositivity in humans from both regions was 42.4% (95%CI: 31.2-55.1) for Anaplasma, 74.2% (95%CI: 66.0-84.4) for Ehrlichia, 72.5% (95%CI: 62.1-82.0) for Rickettsia, and 60.7% (95%CI: 59.7-69.1) for Coxiella burnetii. In cattle, seropositivity was 31.6% (95%CI: 19.9-44.2), 66.8% (95%CI: 55.2-78.1), 64.6% (95%CI: 53.8-74.5), and 61.6% (95%CI: 51.9-69.2), respectively. History of biting by ticks, milking, vaccination, having dogs and hens in the residence, as well as the consumption of raw milk derivatives were some factors associated with the infection by the bacteria studied. The results suggest a previous and recent exposure to these zoonotic bacteria genera in people with occupational exposure to livestock, as well as in cattle in the two studied subregions.

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