scholarly journals The Brain–Heart Link: A Case Report of a Critically Located Multiple Sclerosis Lesion in the Brainstem Leading to Recurrent Takotsubo Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florentijn Risseeuw ◽  
Pegah Masrori ◽  
Ingrid Baar ◽  
Simon Nicolay ◽  
Constantijn Franssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Stress Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Lesion ◽  
Takotsubo Syndrome ◽  
Aggressive Treatment ◽  
Cardiovascular Comorbidities ◽  
The Brain

Various central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including neurovascular and neuroinflammatory diseases, can lead to stress cardiomyopathy, also known as Takotsubo syndrome (TTS). We present a case of a 69-year-old woman with cardiovascular comorbidities, suffering from repeated episodes of TTS and respiratory failure due to a critical lesion in the brainstem, leading to a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite aggressive treatment, intractable and recurrent symptoms in our patient occurred. Repeated bouts of autonomic dysfunction and respiratory failure ultimately led to installment of palliative care and the patient passing away. TTS should raise suspicion for underlying neurological diseases. Thorough questioning of previous neurological symptoms and extensive neurological workup is warranted. MS should be considered as a trigger of TTS also in elderly patients with cardiovascular risk factors.

Neutralising and binding anti-interferon-β-1 b (IFN-b-1 b) antibodies during IFN-β-1 b treatment of multiple sclerosis

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kivisäkk ◽  
GV Alm ◽  
WZ Tian ◽  
D. Matusevicius ◽  
S. Fredrikson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Interferon Β ◽  
Lesion Load ◽  
Neutralising Antibodies ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Antibody Secreting Cells

Interferon-β-1b (IFN-β-1b) is an immunomodulatory therapy of multiple sclerosis (MS), reducing the numbers and severity of exacerbations and the total lesion load measured by magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. The benefits of IFN-β-1b could be hampered by the development of neutralising antibodies against the compound. Our results confirmed earlier studies, showing that 42% of MS patients treated with IFN-β-1b for more than 3 months had developed neutralising antibodies. The occurrence of binding anti-IFN-β-1b antibodies, presently not believed to impede the clinical efficacy of IFN-β-1b, were demonstrated by an immunoassay in some patients already after I month of treatment and in 78% after 3 months. The development of binding antibodies seemed to be an early phenomenon, preceding the appearance of neutralising antibodies. Antibodies crossreacting with IFN-β-1a and natural IFN-β were also found in a majority of IFN-β-1b treated patients with high titres of binding antibodies. Employing a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay, 68% of MS patients treated with IFN-β-1b for 1 -23 months had elevated numbers of anti-IFN-β-1b-antibody secreting cells in blood, compared to 18% of untreated MS patients and 20% among patients with other neurological diseases. Thus, our findings confirm that IFN-β-1 b is immunogenic in MS patients. High levels of anti-IFN-β-1b antibody secreting cells were, however, also found in two untreated control patients with inflammatory diseases, suggesting that anti-IFN-β-1b antibodies might also occur spontaneously.

Knowledge-based 3D segmentation of the brain in MR images for quantitative multiple sclerosis lesion tracking

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Fisher ◽  
Robert M. Cothren, Jr. ◽  
Jean A. Tkach ◽  
Thomas J. Masaryk ◽  
J. Fredrick Cornhill
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Lesion ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
3D Segmentation ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Distribution of multiple sclerosis lesions detected by brain magnetic resonance imaging in Erbil city

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 446-455
Author(s):  
Dina Tawfeeq ◽  
Shawnam Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Lesion ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Brain

Background and objective: Many epidemiological studies and clinical manifestation studies of multiple sclerosis have been done in Iraq. Up to our knowledge, no such observational study to the radiological feature of the multiple sclerosis lesion has been done yet in Erbil in comparison to other worldwide studies. This study aimed to assess the distribution of multiple sclerosis lesions in brain regions detected by magnetic resonance imaging among Erbil population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, from April 2018 to July 2019. A review of magnetic resonance imaging scans of the brain of 120 patients was done. Special attention was directed toward identifying the variance in multiple sclerosis lesions distribution in the brain regions and their MR signal intensity characteristics. Results: Periventricular lesions were observed in more than 90% of the study sample. The next common was juxtacortical lesions (24.8%), followed by corpus callosum lesions (16.8 %), while brain stem lesions were the least observed proportions. No significant difference was detected in the distribution of multiple sclerosis lesions among ethnicities and genders, except for basal ganglia lesions, which were significantly more common in women (P = 0.016).The magnetic resonance imaging signal intensity of the lesion was significantly variable among disease duration. Conclusion: The T2 hyper intense lesions were most commonly seen in the periventricular region. Juxtacortical and corpus callosum lesions were also frequently observed. The proportions of the brain stem and cerebellum lesions appeared to be lower in comparison to previous studies. Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Distribution; Lesion.

scholarly journals Multiple sclerosis: environmental risk factors

1998 ◽  
Vol XXX (1-2) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Enrico Granieri ◽  
Ilaria Casetta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Multiple sclerosis is a disease of unknown etiology characterized by inflammory demyelination of the brain and spinal cord. Epidemiological investigations play important role in study of multiple sclerosis. Geographical distribution of the disease has been described in terms of prevalence and incidence. The possible role of environmental factors as a cause of multiple sclerosis had been hypothesized with observation of unequal geographic distribution of the disease. More interesting, in terms of their biological significance, are attempts to identify associations between multiple sclerosis and situations or events wich could cause blood-brain barrier damages, such as trauma or toxic exposures.

scholarly journals Fasting as a Therapy in Neurological Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline ◽  
The Brain

Fasting is deeply entrenched in evolution, yet its potential applications to today’s most common, disabling neurological diseases remain relatively unexplored. Fasting induces an altered metabolic state that optimizes neuron bioenergetics, plasticity, and resilience in a way that may counteract a broad array of neurological disorders. In both animals and humans, fasting prevents and treats the metabolic syndrome, a major risk factor for many neurological diseases. In animals, fasting probably prevents the formation of tumors, possibly treats established tumors, and improves tumor responses to chemotherapy. In human cancers, including cancers that involve the brain, fasting ameliorates chemotherapy-related adverse effects and may protect normal cells from chemotherapy. Fasting improves cognition, stalls age-related cognitive decline, usually slows neurodegeneration, reduces brain damage and enhances functional recovery after stroke, and mitigates the pathological and clinical features of epilepsy and multiple sclerosis in animal models. Primarily due to a lack of research, the evidence supporting fasting as a treatment in human neurological disorders, including neurodegeneration, stroke, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis, is indirect or non-existent. Given the strength of the animal evidence, many exciting discoveries may lie ahead, awaiting future investigations into the viability of fasting as a therapy in neurological disease.

scholarly journals Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Segmentation Using Statistical and Topological Atlases

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid Shiee ◽  
Pierre-Louis Bazin ◽  
Dzung L. Pham
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Lesion ◽  
Lesion Segmentation ◽  
Brain Images ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Segmentation Methods ◽  
Fully Automatic ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Statistical Atlas

This paper presents a new fully automatic method for segmentation of brain images that possess multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. Multichannel magnetic resonance images are used to delineate multiple sclerosis lesions while segmenting the brain into its major structures. The method is an atlas based segmentation technique employing a topological atlas as well as a statistical atlas. An advantage of this approach is that all segmented structures are topologically constrained, thereby allowing subsequent processing with cortical unfolding or diffeomorphic shape analysis techniques. Validation on data from two studies demonstrates that the method has an accuracy comparable with other MS lesion segmentation methods, while simultaneously segmenting the whole brain.

scholarly journals The brain-heart connection: a multiple sclerosis relapse presenting as Takotsubo Syndrome. A case report and literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Dell'Aquila ◽  
Edoardo Sciatti ◽  
Enrico Vizzardi ◽  
Marco Metra
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Takotsubo Syndrome ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
St Segment ◽  
The Brain

We hereby report a puzzling case of multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse presenting as Takotsubo syndrome (TTS). Female, 42-years old, who presented herself to the Emergency Room of University Hospital “ASST Spedali Civili” of Brescia, Italy, for a severe headache and a non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. Coronary angiogram showed no signs of coronary atherosclerosis. Upon further neurological evaluation, a diagnosis of MS relapse, related to TTS, was made, and treatment was started accordingly. The patient was discharged after 12 days after the admission, free of symptoms, and without signs of neurological and cardiological active disease. A hallmark of TTS is its association with a preceding stressful event. It may also be connected to a wide variety of diseases, including neurological ones, such as stroke, intracranial bleeding, head trauma, migraine, and seizures. However, up to our knowledge, only few cases of MS-induced TTS were previously described. Whether it is plausible to consider TTS as an uncommon extra-neurological manifestation of MS is still debated, however all the evidence points in that direction, considering the central role of catecholamines in TTS pathogenesis. With this case report the authors hope to encourage research on this field and on the intricate topic of brain-heart connections.

Common Risk factors for Stroke and Medical Prevention Therapies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Khouri ◽  
Shelly Ozark ◽  
Bruce Ovbiagele
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Tissue Ischemia ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Brain

Stroke from thrombosis or emboli in cerebral vessels or hemorrhage is one of the most commonly encountered and most devastating neurological diseases. Rapid loss of function occurs due to an interruption of blood supply to the brain, leading to tissue ischemia and cell death. The risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke doubles for each successive decade after age 55, which is likely independent of other risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Lifestyle modifications, antiplatelet therapy and control of hyperlipidemia and hypertension are the mainstays of prevention.

Application of Contemporary Neuroproteomic Techniques in Unravelling Neurological Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1146-1163
Author(s):  
Mallika Khurana ◽  
Syed Obaidur Rahman ◽  
Abul Kalam Najmi ◽  
Faheem Hyder Pottoo ◽  
Md Sayeed Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
The Other ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Diseased State ◽  
The Brain

: Decades of research has stunned us with the very distinctive anatomy and physiology of our brain, and on the other hand, its complexity has always posed great difficulty in treating its dysfunction or damage. Understanding the brain under normal and, particularly in the diseased state, has always been very challenging and would have been impossible without proteomics. Neuroproteomic techniques have been extensively used for unraveling both dynamics and content of the proteome of our nervous system. This modern-day investigation and quantification of protein concentration and expression have given us a platform that enhances our knowledge on disease-associated processes and pathways modification and also leads to the identification of possible biomarkers that can be therapeutically targeted. With an increased interest in identifying and targeting possible biomarkers, this article focuses on describing applications of the much discussed neuroproteomics, with a significant role in the disease pathogenesis of some very common neurological disorders. This article will collectively discuss the use and relevance of neuroproteomics in a range of neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and psychiatric disorders. We have also attempted to present the current successes and failures of the neuroproteomics approach on the results obtained from different clinical studies that targeted biomarkers associated with any particular neurological disorder.

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