scholarly journals Modelling Cyberspace to Determine Cybersecurity Training Requirements

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Venables
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Training Requirements ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
Malicious Intent

Cyberspace is a constantly evolving and expanding environment that is being used for an ever-increasing range of purposes. As such, it attracts numerous threat actors seeking to identify and exploit its vulnerabilities. In order to be able to fully mitigate the risk of compromise, it is necessary to first understand the nature and composition of cyberspace and how it is used. This chapter seeks to address this issue by presenting a method to model cyberspace in three dimensions with humans included as an integral part. Expanding beyond describing cyberspace purely in terms of technology and its uses, it explores geographic, political, and temporal aspects to reflect its dynamic nature. The first component of the model examines the varied attributes of cyberspace ranging from the landscape in which its components are located to how they are used. The second dimension investigates the path of data in all its forms from its source to destination, emphasising that cyberspace is fundamentally a communications medium and is not borderless. Thirdly, it focuses on the security dimension and the motivations of those with malicious intent, demonstrating the multidisciplinary and essentially human nature of cybersecurity in countering their activities.

Engaging in dialogue during collaborative writing: The role of affective, cognitive, and social engagement

2021 ◽  
pp. 136216882110540
Author(s):  
Boya Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Social Engagement ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Collaborative Writing ◽  
Task Engagement ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Instructional Activities ◽  
Single Text ◽  
Method Approach

Collaborative writing (CW) involves two or more students writing a single text together. Previous studies mainly focused on students’ cognitive engagement in CW and investigated their attention to various language-related problems during task interaction. However, little CW research to date has considered that engagement in language-related discussions can manifest from three dimensions: cognitive, social, and affective. Focusing on the multidimensional characteristics of engagement, this study investigated how Russian learners’ social and affective reactions influence their focus on language use while they completed a CW task. Drawing on Svalberg’s framework of engagement with language to identify the three dimensions of engagement, I conducted a mixed-method approach towards analysing the audio-recorded collaborative dialogues by three student pairs ( n = 6), along with a qualitative analysis of their responses to a five-point Likert scale questionnaire. The analyses showed that when learners were interactive and viewed the activity as useful, they noticed many linguistic problems and elaborated on them. In contrast, when learners demonstrated social disengagement and perceived disadvantages from CW, they were likely to withdraw their attention from resolving the language issues they encountered. These findings indicate the complex and dynamic nature of task engagement. They can provide second language (L2) teachers with an in-depth understanding of how to fully engage students in instructional activities to better foster their L2 learning.

scholarly journals Modeling Fabric Movement for Future E-Textile Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3735
Author(s):  
Roope Ketola ◽  
Vigyanshu Mishra ◽  
Asimina Kiourti
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Average Displacement ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Textile Sensors ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Textile Sensor ◽  
Joint Flexion ◽  
Optimal Type

Studies with e-textile sensors embedded in garments are typically performed on static and controlled phantom models that do not reflect the dynamic nature of wearables. Instead, our objective was to understand the noise e-textile sensors would experience during real-world scenarios. Three types of sleeves, made of loose, tight, and stretchy fabrics, were applied to a phantom arm, and the corresponding fabric movement was measured in three dimensions using physical markers and image-processing software. Our results showed that the stretchy fabrics allowed for the most consistent and predictable clothing-movement (average displacement of up to −2.3 ± 0.1 cm), followed by tight fabrics (up to −4.7 ± 0.2 cm), and loose fabrics (up to −3.6 ± 1.0 cm). In addition, the results demonstrated better performance of higher elasticity (average displacement of up to −2.3 ± 0.1 cm) over lower elasticity (average displacement of up to −3.8 ± 0.3 cm) stretchy fabrics. For a case study with an e-textile sensor that relies on wearable loops to monitor joint flexion, our modeling indicated errors as high as 65.7° for stretchy fabric with higher elasticity. The results from this study can (a) help quantify errors of e-textile sensors operating “in-the-wild,” (b) inform decisions regarding the optimal type of clothing-material used, and (c) ultimately empower studies on noise calibration for diverse e-textile sensing applications.

Acquiring Incorruption: Maximian Theosis and Scientific Transhumanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Torrance
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Material World ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Maximus The Confessor

Several theologians have pointed to resonances between the Greek Patristic doctrine of deification or theosis and recent transhumanist narratives: both discourses indicate death as the final enemy of humankind and invest heavily in a hoped-for transcendence of life as we know it. These resonances will be investigated further by comparing the approach to human nature found in Maximus the Confessor and in the prominent transhumanists Nick Bostrom and John Harris. In addition to sharing with transhumanists a disavowal of death and a trajectory towards transcendence, Maximus also shares a view of human nature that is more dynamic and open-ended than is commonly attributed to his Late Antique context. On the other hand, Maximus also insists on the persistence of this dynamic nature in its integrity even into the eschaton. He does so for a number of reasons that should give Christians pause about any rhetoric that calls for an abandonment of human nature: (1) that theosis depends precisely on sharing a human nature with Christ; (2) that our vocation as mediators in creation depends on our physical bodies as the locus of shared existence with the material world; and (3) that corruption has a providential use in binding us together with our neighbors and in cultivating virtue as we strain for the incorruptible and supernatural gift of theosis.

scholarly journals Evoking of Spiritual Powers as Foundation for Inclusive Education

Pedagogika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-134
Author(s):  
Elvyda Martišauskienė
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Spiritual Dimension ◽  
Contemporary Science ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Real Essence

Inclusive education is based on the idea that all learners have to become participants in the process of (self-) education. This at first sight simple truth causes difficulties because of the variety of inborn human powers and in cases of learners with special needs, in particular. A wide range of strategies have been tested and applied for education of such children in Lithuania and all over the world. Lately significant attention has been laid on inclusive education. However, to achieve the desired outcomes, it is necessary to perceive methodological fundamentals and meaning of inclusive education to a teacher and a learner. Education is a specific activity, which is directed towards empowerment of an individual to spread own powers. Therefore, it is important to cognise the human nature and to derive the most significant approaches towards education from it. Contemporary science distinguishes three dimensions in the human nature, i.e., physical, psychical and spiritual ones, and their development is considered to be the main goal of a general education school. To enable appropriate attainment of this goal, it is necessary to perceive the essence of every dimension and their interrelation. The spiritual dimension causes the most serious concern. According to neurologist and psychotherapist V. Frankl, the genesis of the spiritual dimension is supernatural and enables an individual to transcendent the reality and to embody the existential freedom, whereof the real essence is revealed only through the interaction with truth (phenomenon of consciousness). An individual manages own physical and physical powers with the help of own spirit, is able to make decisions, to link own relations and activities with truth in an authentic way. The supreme expression of relations as well as that of spiritual dimension is love. The spiritual dimension is evoked and maturated by love of another individual, therefore, fruitful pedagogical support is always based on it. Moreover, V. Frankl points out that the spirit is never sick. Such approach to a human being enables us to understand why alpha and omega of education embrace spiritual powers of an individual, why teacher’s spiritual maturation becomes an important factor implementing the paradigm of free education, which contains inclusive education. It is of particular importance to learners with special needs because such education enables them to become full-value participants in the process of self-education in the most appropriate way to them, to experience success and to see the meaning of such activities. Healthy learners also feel advantages of inclusive education because it enables them to self-assess own potential and to envisage their real meaning in a new light. Inclusive education is relevant to teachers as a certain challenge to their spiritual as well as professional capacities, which reveals the in-depth essence of their activities.

scholarly journals Grotius’ Imago Dei Anthropology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne E. Nijman
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Theological Anthropology ◽  
Imago Dei ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Standard Account ◽  
Law Of Nature ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Hugo Grotius

In the standard account Hugo Grotius secularized international law by grounding it on human nature. This chapter argues we should not stop at the standard account, but rather should dig deeper and examine the theological anthropology grounding Grotius’ ideas on the law of nature and nations. With some attention for the influence of both (neo-)scepticism and (neo)stoicism in analyses of Grotius’ understanding of human nature and natural law, this chapter examines Grotius’ ideas through the lens of the Christian theological notion of imago Dei—the idea that human beings are different from other animals in that they are created in ‘the image and likeness of God’. The chapter relates the concept of the imago Dei briefly to the early seventeenth-century theological and political debates in the Dutch Republic and discusses the Arminian interpretation of the imago Dei along the lines of three dimensions generally set apart: ontological, teleological, and functional.

Paul Goodman's Critique of Formal Schooling: A Search for Incidental Learning

1975 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-250
Author(s):  
James G. Lergessner
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Incidental Learning ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Formal Schooling ◽  
Social Psychological

This paper examines the assumptions underlying and implicit within Paul Goodman's critique of the process of formal schooling. Three dimensions of this critique, historical, pedagogical, and social-psychological, are advanced to explain the precise manner in which Goodman analyses past, present, and future arrangements (or possibilities) for educating and the ways in which they impinge(d) on man's functioning within his environment. Finally, the implications of Goodman's critique of formal schooling with respect to the provision of new styles and forms of learning, man's interactions within society, and the release or recovery of his “true” (or human) nature are briefly presented and assessed.

Fool’s Gold: Psychologists Using Disingenuous Reasoning to Mislead Legislatures into Granting Psychologists Prescriptive Authority

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-524
Author(s):  
Brent Pollitt
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
American Psychological Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychotropic Medications ◽  
American Psychological ◽  
Training Requirements ◽  
Prescriptive Authority

Mental illness is a serious problem in the United States. Based on “current epidemiological estimates, at least one in five people has a diagnosable mental disorder during the course of a year.” Fortunately, many of these disorders respond positively to psychotropic medications. While psychiatrists write some of the prescriptions for psychotropic medications, primary care physicians write more of them. State legislatures, seeking to expand patient access to pharmacological treatment, granted physician assistants and nurse practitioners prescriptive authority for psychotropic medications. Over the past decade other groups have gained some form of prescriptive authority. Currently, psychologists comprise the primary group seeking prescriptive authority for psychotropic medications.The American Society for the Advancement of Pharmacotherapy (“ASAP”), a division of the American Psychological Association (“APA”), spearheads the drive for psychologists to gain prescriptive authority. The American Psychological Association offers five main reasons why legislatures should grant psychologists this privilege: 1) psychologists’ education and clinical training better qualify them to diagnose and treat mental illness in comparison with primary care physicians; 2) the Department of Defense Psychopharmacology Demonstration Project (“PDP”) demonstrated non-physician psychologists can prescribe psychotropic medications safely; 3) the recommended post-doctoral training requirements adequately prepare psychologists to prescribe safely psychotropic medications; 4) this privilege will increase availability of mental healthcare services, especially in rural areas; and 5) this privilege will result in an overall reduction in medical expenses, because patients will visit only one healthcare provider instead of two–one for psychotherapy and one for medication.

High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) of mitochondria from various rat tissues

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
P.J. Lea ◽  
M.J. Hollenberg
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Scanning Electron

Our current understanding of mitochondrial ultrastructure has been derived primarily from thin sections using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This information has been extrapolated into three dimensions by artist's impressions (1) or serial sectioning techniques in combination with computer processing (2). The resolution of serial reconstruction methods is limited by section thickness whereas artist's impressions have obvious disadvantages.In contrast, the new techniques of HRSEM used in this study (3) offer the opportunity to view simultaneously both the internal and external structure of mitochondria directly in three dimensions and in detail.The tridimensional ultrastructure of mitochondria from rat hepatocytes, retinal (retinal pigment epithelium), renal (proximal convoluted tubule) and adrenal cortex cells were studied by HRSEM. The specimens were prepared by aldehyde-osmium fixation in combination with freeze cleavage followed by partial extraction of cytosol with a weak solution of osmium tetroxide (4). The specimens were examined with a Hitachi S-570 scanning electron microscope, resolution better than 30 nm, where the secondary electron detector is located in the column directly above the specimen inserted within the objective lens.

Inelastic Electron Scattering from Valence Electrons in Aluminum

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 462-463
Author(s):  
P. E. Batson ◽  
C. H. Chen ◽  
J. Silcox
Keyword(s):  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Inelastic Electron ◽  
Weak Beam ◽  
Scattering Spectrum ◽  
Valence Electrons ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Electronic Scattering

We wish to report in this paper measurements of the inelastic scattering component due to the collective excitations (plasmons) and single particlehole excitations of the valence electrons in Al. Such scattering contributes to the diffuse electronic scattering seen in electron diffraction patterns and has recently been considered of significance in weak-beam images (see Gai and Howie) . A major problem in the determination of such scattering is the proper correction for multiple scattering. We outline here a procedure which we believe suitably deals with such problems and report the observed single scattering spectrum.In principle, one can use the procedure of Misell and Jones—suitably generalized to three dimensions (qx, qy and #x2206;E)--to derive single scattering profiles. However, such a computation becomes prohibitively large if applied in a brute force fashion since the quasi-elastic scattering (and associated multiple electronic scattering) extends to much larger angles than the multiple electronic scattering on its own.

Advantages of Complementary Stereo Images as Viewed with the Low-Temperature Field-Emission SEM

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1314-1315
Author(s):  
William P. Wergin ◽  
Eric F. Erbe
Keyword(s):  
Fold Increase ◽  
Horizontal Displacement ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Stereo Image ◽  
Stereo Pair ◽  
Sem Micrograph ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Pair Analysis

The eye-brain complex allows those of us with normal vision to perceive and evaluate our surroundings in three-dimensions (3-D). The principle factor that makes this possible is parallax - the horizontal displacement of objects that results from the independent views that the left and right eyes detect and simultaneously transmit to the brain for superimposition. The common SEM micrograph is a 2-D representation of a 3-D specimen. Depriving the brain of the 3-D view can lead to erroneous conclusions about the relative sizes, positions and convergence of structures within a specimen. In addition, Walter has suggested that the stereo image contains information equivalent to a two-fold increase in magnification over that found in a 2-D image. Because of these factors, stereo pair analysis should be routinely employed when studying specimens.Imaging complementary faces of a fractured specimen is a second method by which the topography of a specimen can be more accurately evaluated.

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