scholarly journals Pathways of Glucagon Secretion and Trafficking in the Pancreatic Alpha Cell: Novel Pathways, Proteins, and Targets for Hyperglucagonemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzad Asadi ◽  
Savita Dhanvantari
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Intracellular Trafficking ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Glucagon Secretion ◽  
Alpha Cell ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Pancreatic Alpha Cell

Patients with diabetes mellitus exhibit hyperglucagonemia, or excess glucagon secretion, which may be the underlying cause of the hyperglycemia of diabetes. Defective alpha cell secretory responses to glucose and paracrine effectors in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes may drive the development of hyperglucagonemia. Therefore, uncovering the mechanisms that regulate glucagon secretion from the pancreatic alpha cell is critical for developing improved treatments for diabetes. In this review, we focus on aspects of alpha cell biology for possible mechanisms for alpha cell dysfunction in diabetes: proglucagon processing, intrinsic and paracrine control of glucagon secretion, secretory granule dynamics, and alterations in intracellular trafficking. We explore possible clues gleaned from these studies in how inhibition of glucagon secretion can be targeted as a treatment for diabetes mellitus.

Model estimates of the results of diabetes patients using modern glucometers with tri-color technology for displaying test results

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Larisa Dmitrievna Popovich ◽  
Svetlana Valentinovna Svetlichnaya ◽  
Aleksandr Alekseevich Moiseev
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Impact

Diabetes – a disease in which the effect of the treatment substantially depends on the patient. Known a study showed that the use of glucometers with the technology of three-color display of test results facilitates self-monitoring of blood sugar and leads to a decrease in glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc). Purpose of the study: to modeling the impact of using of a glucometer with a color-coded display on the clinical outcomes of diabetes mellitus and calculating, the potential economic benefits of reducing the hospitalization rate of patients with diabetes. Material and methods. Based on data from two studies (O. Schnell et al. and M. Baxter et al.) simulation of the reduction in the number of complications with the use of a glucometer with a color indication. In a study by O. Schnell et al. a decrease of HbA1c by 0.69 percent is shown when using the considered type of glucometers, which was the basis of the model. Results. In the model, the use of a glucometer with a color-coded display for type 1 diabetes led to a decrease in the total number of complications by 9.2 thousand over 5 years per a cohort of 40 thousand patients with different initial levels of HbA1c. In a cohort of 40 thousand patients with type 2 diabetes, the simulated number of prevented complications was 1.7 thousand over 5 years. When extrapolating these data to all patients with diabetes included in the federal register of diabetes mellitus (FRD), the number of prevented complications was 55.4 thousand cases for type 1 diabetes and 67.1 thousand cases for type 2 diabetes. The possible economic effect from the use of the device by all patients with a diagnosis of diabetes, which are included in the FRD, estimated at 1.5 billion rubles for a cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes and 5.3 billion rubles for patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion. Improving the effectiveness of self-monitoring, which is the result of the use of glucometers with color indicators, can potentially significantly reduce the incidence of complications in diabetes and thereby provide significant economic benefits to society.

Therapy-related issues: endocrine system

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Wiffen ◽  
Marc Mitchell ◽  
Melanie Snelling ◽  
Nicola Stoner
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
System P ◽  
The Uk ◽  
P Type ◽  
And Control

Diabetes mellitus 444Monitoring and control 449Thyroid disorders 450Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects approximately 4% of the UK population. In 2009, Diabetes UK reported that 2.6 million people in the UK have diabetes.Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90% of all diabetes and is a result of insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Type 1 diabetes results from an absolute insulin deficiency secondary to autoimmune dysfunction....

scholarly journals Prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus, human papillomavirus, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1 in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 in south-eastern Poland

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. e0222607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Dworzański ◽  
Bartłomiej Drop ◽  
Ewa Kliszczewska ◽  
Małgorzata Strycharz-Dudziak ◽  
Małgorzata Polz-Dacewicz
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Simplex Virus

Effect of basic periodontal treatment on glycemic control and inflammation in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2: controlled clinical trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-449
Author(s):  
Claudia Camila Peruzzo Lopes ◽  
Priscila do Monte Ribeiro Busato ◽  
Maira Fernanda Michelin Mânica ◽  
Marcela Chiquetto de Araújo ◽  
Muriel Machado Marquez Zampiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Periodontal Treatment ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

scholarly journals Myogenetic Oligodeoxynucleotide (myoDN) Recovers the Differentiation of Skeletal Muscle Myoblasts Deteriorated by Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunichi Nakamura ◽  
Shinichi Yonekura ◽  
Takeshi Shimosato ◽  
Tomohide Takaya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Myogenic Differentiation ◽  
Myoblast Differentiation ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Wasting ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Skeletal muscle wasting in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complication of decreased muscle mass and strength, and is a serious risk factor that may result in mortality. Deteriorated differentiation of muscle precursor cells, called myoblasts, in DM patients is considered to be one of the causes of muscle wasting. We recently developed myogenetic oligodeoxynucleotides (myoDNs), which are 18-base single-strand DNAs that promote myoblast differentiation by targeting nucleolin. Herein, we report the applicability of a myoDN, iSN04, to myoblasts isolated from patients with type 1 and type 2 DM. Myogenesis of DM myoblasts was exacerbated concordantly with a delayed shift of myogenic transcription and induction of interleukins. Analogous phenotypes were reproduced in healthy myoblasts cultured with excessive glucose or palmitic acid, mimicking hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia. iSN04 treatment recovered the deteriorated differentiation of plural DM myoblasts by downregulating myostatin and interleukin-8 (IL-8). iSN04 also ameliorated the impaired myogenic differentiation induced by glucose or palmitic acid. These results demonstrate that myoDNs can directly facilitate myoblast differentiation in DM patients, making them novel candidates for nucleic acid drugs to treat muscle wasting in patients with DM.

scholarly journals Nonspecific body reactivity in patients with diabetes mellitus depending on its type

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2 (70)) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Olenovych
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Diabetes Type 1 ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

According to the results of complex assessment of integral haematological coefficients the development of endogenous intoxication was revealed in case of diabetes mellitus, whose intensity depends on the type of the disease and causes immune system disorganization. The decrease of functional activity of specific immunity as well as nonspecific one in case of diabetes mellitus leads to deregulation of cellular and humoral reactions and depends on diabetes type: in diabetes type 1 the reduction of nonspecific immunoresistance is contributed by microphages, in diabetes type 2 – by macrophages, accompanied by the deficiency of specific immune defense, reliably more significant in diabetes type 2.

scholarly journals Thyroid dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus at Puducherry, India: a retrospective study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 822
Author(s):  
K. Shaik Anwar Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Type 1 Dm

Background: There is a complex interrelationship in the co-existence of thyroid dysfunction among diabetic patients and may be related to the development of cardiovascular diseases and other complications of long term metabolic derangements. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction varies from 10 to 24% among diabetic patients. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among the patients with diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care hospital at Puducherry, India.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted during June 2018 analysing the records of diabetes patients attending to the diabetes OPD, Department of General Medicine in the past one year and their association with thyroid dysfunction was studied.Results: Among the study participants (n=200), 14.5% (n=29) were Type I diabetics and 85.5% (n=171) were type II Diabetes patients. The prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction (TD) among the study participants was 28.5% (n=57). The proportion of TD was higher among type 1 DM compared to type 2 (p<0.001).  The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was more (n=7, 24.1%) among type 1DM compared to type II DM patients (p=0.05).Conclusions: There was a higher prevalence of TD among the diabetics. TD was more frequent among type 1 DM compared to Type 2 DM patients and the most frequent TD associated with diabetes was subclinical hypothyroidism.

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