scholarly journals Thyroid dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus at Puducherry, India: a retrospective study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 822
Author(s):  
K. Shaik Anwar Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Type 1 Dm

Background: There is a complex interrelationship in the co-existence of thyroid dysfunction among diabetic patients and may be related to the development of cardiovascular diseases and other complications of long term metabolic derangements. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction varies from 10 to 24% among diabetic patients. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among the patients with diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care hospital at Puducherry, India.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted during June 2018 analysing the records of diabetes patients attending to the diabetes OPD, Department of General Medicine in the past one year and their association with thyroid dysfunction was studied.Results: Among the study participants (n=200), 14.5% (n=29) were Type I diabetics and 85.5% (n=171) were type II Diabetes patients. The prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction (TD) among the study participants was 28.5% (n=57). The proportion of TD was higher among type 1 DM compared to type 2 (p<0.001).  The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was more (n=7, 24.1%) among type 1DM compared to type II DM patients (p=0.05).Conclusions: There was a higher prevalence of TD among the diabetics. TD was more frequent among type 1 DM compared to Type 2 DM patients and the most frequent TD associated with diabetes was subclinical hypothyroidism.

scholarly journals Genetic Aspects of Diabetes Mellitus

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliška Marklová
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Hla Dq ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Type 1 Dm

Practically all types of diabetes mellitus (DM) result from complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors. Multifactorial and polygenic Type 1 DM is strongly influenced by genes controlling the immune system, mainly HLA-DQ and DR. In addition to this, many other predisposition loci, interacting with each other, have some influence on susceptibility to DM. Heterogeneous Type 2 DM, accounting for about 85 % of all diabetic patients, is supposed to be induced by multiple genes defects involved in insulin action and/or insulin secretion. Other genetically influenced traits like obesity and hyperlipidemia are strongly associated with the Type 2. The group called Other specific types of DM include monogenic forms MODY 1-5 and many various subtypes of the disease, where the specific gene mutations have been identified. Both genetic and intrauterine environmental influences are likely to contribute to the abnormalities defined as Gestational DM.

scholarly journals Study on Thyroid Dysfunction in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (52) ◽  
pp. 3142-3147
Author(s):  
Senthil Chander ◽  
Kalpana Dev Venkatesan ◽  
Christina Mary Paul
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading endocrine disorders worldwide. Thyroid dysfunction is a common endocrine disorder affecting the general population next to diabetes. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among patients with Type 2 diabetes. METHODS This analytical cross sectional study was conducted from June 2019 to Dec 2019. One hundred and fifty type–2 diabetes patients who attended the outpatient clinic of General Medicine Department, ACS Medical College and Hospital were included in the study. A detailed history and examination was done after getting informed consent. Blood samples were collected and sent to the laboratory for the evaluation of thyroid profile. RESULTS Thyroid dysfunction was found in 27 % of the patients with diabetes. Subclinical hypothyroidism was the most common thyroid dysfunction reported (14.7 %) followed by clinical hypothyroidism (10 %), subclinical hyperthyroidism (2 %) and clinical hyperthyroidism (0.6 %). CONCLUSIONS Thyroid dysfunction is common in patients with type-2 diabetes. A substantial proportion of the diabetic patients with thyroid dysfunction have subclinical hypothyroidism. Unidentified thyroid dysfunction could negatively impact diabetes and its complications. Therefore, early and routine screening of thyroid is recommended in all patients with diabetes to reduce the burden of the disease. KEYWORDS Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus, Thyroid Dysfunction, Hypothyroidism

scholarly journals Analysis of Diabetes Mellitus-Related Amputations in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendel Jose Teixeira Costa ◽  
Nilson Penha-Silva ◽  
Italla Maria Pinheiro Bezerra ◽  
Ismar Paulo dos Santos ◽  
José Lucas Souza Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
The State ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Espirito Santo ◽  
Type 1 Dm

Background and objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) stands out among the most important public health problems worldwide since it represents a high burden on health systems and is associated with higher hospitalization rates, and a higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Amputations are among the most common complications, leading to disability and increasing care costs. This research aims to analyze the prevalence of DM-related amputations, comorbidities and associated risk factors in the diabetic population residing in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Materials and Methods: This is a quantitative, exploratory, cross-sectional study with a time series design and the use of secondary data registered and followed by the system of Registration and Monitoring of Hypertension and Diabetes—SisHiperdia. Results: The sample consisted of 64,196 diabetic patients, out of them, 3.9% had type 1 DM, 10.9% with type 2 DM, and 85.2% with DM coexisting with hypertension. Most were female (66.6%), aged 40 to 59 years (45.6%), and 60 years and older (45.2%). The prevalence of DM-related amputations in the analyzed sample was 1.2% in type 1 DM, 1.5% in type 2 DM, and 2.2% in concomitant DM and hypertension. Higher amputation rates were observed in males in the age group above 60 years in type 1 DM and type 2 DM and were slightly higher in the age groups up to 29 years in DM with hypertension. A higher prevalence of amputation was related to smoking, physical inactivity, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and diabetic foot (DF) in all types of DM. Conclusions: The present study showed a significant prevalence of DM-related amputations. An increased prevalence was evidenced when correlated with smoking, physical inactivity, AMI, stroke, CKD, and DF with significant statistical associations, except for a sedentary lifestyle in type 1 DM.

scholarly journals Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and its association with controlled and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus in northern Andhra Pradesh population: a retrospective study

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 3954
Author(s):  
Prasad D. K. V. ◽  
Prabhakara Rao T. S. ◽  
Krishna Murthy G.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The two important endocrinopathies, diabetes mellitus and thyroid dysfunction are interrelated to each other where the correlation is poorly understood. The thyroid dysfunction is more frequent in diabetics than general population. The present study was aimed to know the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its association with controlled and uncontrolled T2DM.Methods: A retrospective study of 600 T2DM patients between 13-60 years of age with known thyroid status were included and the following parameters were examined: age, sex, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1C, free triiodothyronine (fT3), free tetraiodothyronine (fT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).Results: The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in T2DM patients was found to be 26.5% whereas 9% in healthy controls. Significantly elevated levels of FBS, HbA1C and TSH were observed whereas the levels of fT3, fT4 were found to be low in patients when compared to controls. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in diabetics (both controlled and uncontrolled) was more prevalent (15%) than it was found in healthy controls (5%). Similarly, overt hypothyroidism was also found to be high in diabetic patients (6%) as compared to healthy controls (2%). Significant difference (p <0.05) in the levels of TSH was found between group I (Controlled T2DM) and II (uncontrolled T2DM patients), also between groups II and III (Controls). Group II patients were found to have significant low levels of fT3 as compared to other two groups (Group I and III) (p<0.005).Conclusions: As SCH is more frequent in T2DM diabetes mellitus and untreated SCH patients have higher rate of complications, periodical screening is advised for thyroid dysfunction to prevent micro vascular and cardiovascular complications.

scholarly journals The attitude of patients with types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus towards having the disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
I E Sapozhnikova ◽  
E N Zotina
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Laboratory Examinations ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Women Unemployed

Aim. To analyze the types of attitude towards disease, their relationships to its course in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Subjects and methods. 418 patients with DM, including 318 with type 2 DM (T2DM) and 100 with Type 1 (T1DM), were examined. Clinical and laboratory examinations were performed; the types of attitude towards the disease were studied. Results. The patients with T2DM were more frequently found to have anxious (12.9%) and hypochondriacal (10.7%) types of attitude towards the disease; those with T1DM had euphoric types. The paranoiac type of disease attitude, which was characterized by the presence of peculiar notions about the disease, was detected in 15.1% of the patients with T2DM and in 13% of those with T1DM. Hypernosognosia (overreaction to disease) was more often identified in T2DM (62.3% versus 39% in T1DM (χ2; p < 0.001). In the T2DM group, hypernosognosia was more frequently seen in women, unemployed persons, and obese patients. With the comparable awareness about the disease and degree of self-control, the patients with T2DM with no signs of hypernosognosia had a lower glycated hemoglobin level [7.35 (6.6; 8.6)%] than those with hypernosognosia [7.9 (7; 9.4)%] (p = 0.024). Conclusion. The revealed peculiarities of attitude towards the disease in patients with DM justify the need for increased attention to their psychological characteristics. The situation could be improved if the physicians are be informed, the time of outpatient care is prolonged, and psychotherapists and/or clinical psychologists are widely involved in the management of diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Diabetic Retinopathy and Central Corneal Thickness

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
The Mean

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that can lead to many ocular complications such as increased Central Corneal Thickness (CCT), cataracts, and diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to compare the CCT between subjects with type I and type II diabetes. Method: This was a retrospective study which included subjects with diabetes (with and without Diabetic Retinopathy (DR)) aged between 18 to 80 years old. The data collected were type and duration of diabetes mellitus, diabetes treatment, glycated hemoglobin level, visual acuity, CCT, and intra ocular pressure. Subjects were divided into subgroup (with and without DR). Statistical program (SPSS) was used to compare the central corneal thickness between the groups. Result: A total of 205 subjects with type I (n=100) and type II (n=105) diabetes were included in this study. In type 1 DM, the mean CCT was 547.06±27.3 microns in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and 533.85±26.8 microns in patients without DR. In type 2 DM, the mean CCT was 542.85±39.3 microns in patients with DR and 532.44±27.4 microns in patients without DR. The CCT in type 1 diabetic patients was higher in both groups (with and without DR) than the CCT in type 2 diabetic patients in both groups (with and without DR). However, this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The type of diabetes mellitus did not affect CCT. The presence of diabetic retinopathy in either type I or type II diabetes mellitus can affect the measurements of CCT.

scholarly journals NETosis contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. R65-R76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Njeim ◽  
William S Azar ◽  
Angie H Fares ◽  
Sami T Azar ◽  
Hala Kfoury Kassouf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Impaired Wound Healing ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

NETosis, a novel form of neutrophil-related cell death, acts as a major regulator of diabetes and diabetes-associated complications. In this review, we show that the extrusion of neutrophil extracellular traps, termed NETs, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and diabetes-induced complications. In T1DM, β-cell death induces the sequestration of neutrophils in the pancreas and seems to be correlated with increased NETosis. In T2DM patients, products of NETs release are significantly elevated. Increased levels of dsDNA are correlated with the presence of cardiovascular disease and diabetic kidney disease, further supporting the role of NETosis in the pathogenesis of other diabetes-induced complications such as impaired wound healing and diabetic retinopathy. NETosis is induced by high glucose through incompletely understood mechanisms, but it also appears to be elevated in patients with diabetes who have tightly controlled glucose levels. We hypothesize that hyperglycemia worsens the already elevated baseline of NETosis in diabetic patients to further increase its detrimental effects.

scholarly journals The Frequency of Thyroid Dysfunctions among Patients of Diabetes Mellitus Presenting in Tertiary Care Hospital of a Developing Country

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rabia Arshad ◽  
Shahzaib Maqbool ◽  
Sara Arshad ◽  
Fatima Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Aims: Thyroid disease is a pathological state associated significantly with diabetes mellitus (DM) Type 1 and Type 2. As the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is on the rise in our population, so the purposed significance of our study was to evaluate the frequency of thyroid dysfunction in diabetic patients of our local population. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: This study conducted among patients of diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2) from September 2020 to March 2021 while their visit in Holy family hospital, Rawalpindi, for a routine clinical check-up on an OPD basis. Methodology: A total of 96 patients with diabetes mellitus on regular medication, 20 to 60 years of age, were included. Patients with diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperlipidemia, pregnant females, and those taking medication that can affect thyroid functions (dopamine antagonists, antiepileptics, oral contraceptives, lithium, glucocorticoids) were excluded. A venous blood sample was drawn and sent to the laboratory to analyze thyroid function tests for the presence or absence of any thyroid dysfunction. Data analysis was done through SPSS.v.23. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square analysis was used, and a p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age of the patients was 42.97 ± 10.29 years. The majority of the patients, 37.50%, were between 41 to 50 years of age. Out of 96 patients, 61 (63.54%) were male, and 35 (36.46%) were females with a male to female ratio of 1.7:1. The majority of patients, 69 (71.88%), had type II diabetes mellitus. The frequency of thyroid dysfunction found in diabetic patients was 30 (31.25%), with hypothyroidism in 19 (19.79%) and hyperthyroidism in 11 (11.46%) patients. Conclusion: This study deduced that there is a high frequency of thyroid dysfunction in diabetic patients. In the same vein, hypothyroidism was the common thyroid dysfunction associated with diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Androgen deficiency, erectile dysfunction and chronic microvascular complications in male diabetic patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Georgescu ◽  
Aura Reghină ◽  
Sorin Ioacără ◽  
Cătălin Nica ◽  
Simona Fica
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Androgen Deficiency ◽  
Chronic Complications ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Abstract Background and aim: Erectile dysfunction (ED) can be present in diabetic patients not only induced by androgen deficiency, but also as a consequence of diabetes chronic complications. The aim of our study was to evaluate androgen status and chronic microvascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), with and without ED. Material and methods: 292 patients (44 Type 1 diabetes - T1DM/ 248 Type 2 diabetes - T2DM), were evaluated for androgen status: dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), free testosterone (FT) and presence of chronic complications. ED was diagnosed by a score under 22 of 5-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). Patients with free-testosterone < 70 pg/ml were considered hypogonadal. Results: Prevalence of ED was higher in T2DM 87.5% than in T1DM 65.9%. In patients with ED the prevalence of hypogonadism was 31.3% in T1DM, 26.7% in T2DM. In older T2DM patients IIEF-score was significantly correlated with DHEA. There was a significant correlation between ED and retinopathy in T1DM, additionally with neuropathy in T2DM. Conclusions: ED is a common comorbidity in diabetic patients, associated with other microvascular complications. Hypogonadal status might explain up to 30% of ED. In older diabetic men, severity of ED is related to lower DHEA.

Model estimates of the results of diabetes patients using modern glucometers with tri-color technology for displaying test results

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Larisa Dmitrievna Popovich ◽  
Svetlana Valentinovna Svetlichnaya ◽  
Aleksandr Alekseevich Moiseev
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Impact

Diabetes – a disease in which the effect of the treatment substantially depends on the patient. Known a study showed that the use of glucometers with the technology of three-color display of test results facilitates self-monitoring of blood sugar and leads to a decrease in glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc). Purpose of the study: to modeling the impact of using of a glucometer with a color-coded display on the clinical outcomes of diabetes mellitus and calculating, the potential economic benefits of reducing the hospitalization rate of patients with diabetes. Material and methods. Based on data from two studies (O. Schnell et al. and M. Baxter et al.) simulation of the reduction in the number of complications with the use of a glucometer with a color indication. In a study by O. Schnell et al. a decrease of HbA1c by 0.69 percent is shown when using the considered type of glucometers, which was the basis of the model. Results. In the model, the use of a glucometer with a color-coded display for type 1 diabetes led to a decrease in the total number of complications by 9.2 thousand over 5 years per a cohort of 40 thousand patients with different initial levels of HbA1c. In a cohort of 40 thousand patients with type 2 diabetes, the simulated number of prevented complications was 1.7 thousand over 5 years. When extrapolating these data to all patients with diabetes included in the federal register of diabetes mellitus (FRD), the number of prevented complications was 55.4 thousand cases for type 1 diabetes and 67.1 thousand cases for type 2 diabetes. The possible economic effect from the use of the device by all patients with a diagnosis of diabetes, which are included in the FRD, estimated at 1.5 billion rubles for a cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes and 5.3 billion rubles for patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion. Improving the effectiveness of self-monitoring, which is the result of the use of glucometers with color indicators, can potentially significantly reduce the incidence of complications in diabetes and thereby provide significant economic benefits to society.

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