Gasification of Miscanthus x giganteus Pellets in a Fixed Bed Pilot-Scale Unit

Two basic phenomena, reactor hydraulics and mass transport through biofilm coupled with kinetic expressions for substrate transformations were accounted for in order to describe the soluble COD removal mechanism in anaerobic fixed bed reactors. To provide necessary verification, experimental results from the long term operation of the pilot scale anaerobic reactor treating molasses wastewater were used. Theoretical evaluations verified by these experimental studies showed that a bulk zero-order removal rate expression modified by diffusional resistance leading to bulk half-order and first-order rates together with the particular hydraulic conditions could adequately define the overall soluble COD removal mechanism in an anaerobic fixed bed reactor. The experimental results were also used to determine the kinetic constants for practical application. In view of the complexity of the phenomena involved it is found remarkable that a simple simulation model based on biofilm kinetics is a powerful tool for design and operation of anaerobic fixed bed reactors.

Download Full-text

Design and fabrication of a fixed-bed batch type pyrolysis reactor for pilot scale pyrolytic oil production in Bangladesh

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/184/1/012056 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 184 ◽

pp. 012056

Author(s):

Mohammad Abdul Aziz ◽

Rami Ali Al-khulaidi ◽

MM Rashid ◽

M.R Islam ◽

MAN Rashid

Keyword(s):

Fixed Bed ◽

Oil Production ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Batch Type ◽

Pyrolysis Reactor ◽

Pyrolytic Oil

Download Full-text

Release of arsenic during the carbonisation of CCA-treated wood on a laboratory and pilot scale

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci0603027z ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 27-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Janis Zandersons ◽

Aivars Zhurinsh ◽

Galina Dobele ◽

Baiba Spince ◽

Ausma Tardenaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heating Rate ◽

Sulphuric Acid ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Treated Wood ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Ultrasound Treatment ◽

Wood Moisture ◽

Cu Content ◽

Copper Arsenate ◽

Concentration Levels

The release of arsenic during pyrolysis of CCA(chromated copper arsenate)-treated wood starts at a temperature below 327 ?C, but up to 600 ?C only 30-40% of the arsenic initially present in the wood is volatilised. The changes of heating rate, wood moisture, degree of the comminution and methods of pyrolysis (fixed bed or mechanically pushed and loosened bulk of chips) do not substantially change the situation. The release of arsenic can be eliminated or strongly reduced by use of carbonisation catalysts. The ways and means of metals regeneration or practical use of this contaminated charcoal are still to be elucidated. A substantial decrease of the As, Cr, and Cu content in charcoal from 2800-5550 ppm, 3700-14300 ppm, and 3500-8800 ppm, to 61 ppm, 1014 ppm, and 282 ppm, respectively, was achieved by carbonisation of the previously leached wood specimens. The leachability of CCA-salts from the wood treated with diluted sulphuric acid is good, and the amount of the leached-out metals exceeds 90-95%. Ultrasound treatment improves the leachability, although the effect is not high enough to achieve the full elimination of metals, especially chromium, to meet the concentration levels in charcoal set by legislation.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Fixed-Bed Cultures with Immobilized Lactococcus Lactis ssp. Lactis on Different Scales

The Open Biotechnology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874070701711010016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 16-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rebecca Faschian ◽

Ilyas Eren ◽

Steven Minden ◽

Ralf Pörtner

Keyword(s):

Dilution Rate ◽

Lactococcus Lactis ◽

Scale Up ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Fixed Bed Reactor ◽

Batch Mode ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Fixed Beds ◽

Pilot Scale Reactor

Fixed-bed processes, where cells are immobilized within macroporous carriers, are a promising alternative to processes with suspended cells. A scale-up concept is presented in order to evaluate the performance as part of process design of fixed-bed processes. Therefore,Lactococcus lactiscultivation in chemostat and batch mode was compared to fixed bed cultures on three different scales, the smallest being the downscaledMultifermwith 10 mL fixed bed units, the second a 100 mL fixed-bed reactor and the third a pilot scale reactor with 1 L fixed bed volume. As expected, the volume specific lactate productivity of all cultivations was dependent on dilution rate. In suspension chemostat culture a maximum of 2.3 g·L-1·h-1was reached. Due to cell retention in the fixed-beds, productivity increased up to 8.29 g·L-1·h-1at a dilution rate of D = 1.16 h-1(corresponding to 2.4·µmax) on pilot scale. For all fixed bed cultures a common spline was obtained indicating a good scale-up performance.

Download Full-text

Utilisation of poultry industry wastes for liquid biofuel production via thermal and catalytic fast pyrolysis

Waste Management & Research ◽

10.1177/0734242x18799870 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 157-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ismail Cem Kantarli ◽

Stylianos D Stefanidis ◽

Konstantinos G Kalogiannis ◽

Angelos A Lappas

Keyword(s):

Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽

Poultry Litter ◽

Fast Pyrolysis ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Fluidised Bed ◽

Nitrogenous Compounds ◽

Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis ◽

Bio Oil

The objective of this study was to examine the potential of poultry wastes to be used as feedstock in non-catalytic and catalytic fast pyrolysis processes, which is a continuation of our previous research on their conversion into biofuel via slow pyrolysis and hydrothermal conversion. Both poultry meal and poultry litter were examined, initially in a fixed bed bench-scale reactor using ZSM-5 and MgO as catalysts. Pyrolysis of poultry meal yielded high amounts of bio-oil, while pyrolysis of poultry litter yielded high amounts of solid residue owing to its high ash content. MgO was found to be more effective for the deoxygenation of bio-oil and reduction of undesirable compounds, by converting mainly the acids in the pyrolysis vapours of poultry meal into aliphatic hydrocarbons. ZSM-5 favoured the formation of both aromatic compounds and undesirable nitrogenous compounds. Overall, all bio-oil samples from the pyrolysis of poultry wastes contained relatively high amounts of nitrogen compared with bio-oils from lignocellulosic biomass, ca. 9 wt.% in the case of poultry meal and ca. 5–8 wt.% in the case of poultry litter. This was attributed to the high nitrogen content of the poultry wastes, unlike that of lignocellulosic biomass. Poultry meal yielded the highest amount of bio-oil and was selected as optimum feedstock to be scaled-up in a semi-pilot scale fluidised bed biomass pyrolysis unit with the ZSM-5 catalyst. Pyrolysis in the fluidised bed reactor was more efficient for deoxygenation of the bio-oil vapours, as evidenced from the lower oxygen content of the bio-oil.

Download Full-text

High-Temperature, Dry Scrubbing of Syngas with Use of Mineral Sorbents and Ceramic Rigid Filters

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13061528 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1528

Author(s):

Mateusz Szul ◽

Tomasz Iluk ◽

Aleksander Sobolewski

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Filtration Process ◽

Ceramic Filters ◽

Gas Cleaning ◽

The Stability

In this research, the idea of multicomponent, one-vessel cleaning of syngas through simultaneous dedusting and adsorption is described. Data presented were obtained with the use of a pilot-scale 60 kWth fixed-bed GazEla reactor, coupled with a dry gas cleaning unit where mineral sorbents are injected into raw syngas at 500–650 °C, before dedusting at ceramic filters. The research primarily presents results of the application of four calcined sorbents, i.e., chalk (CaO), dolomite (MgO–CaO), halloysite (AlO–MgO–FeO), and kaolinite (AlO–MgO) for high-temperature (HT) adsorption of impurities contained in syngas from gasification of biomass. An emphasis on data regarding the stability of the filtration process is provided since the addition of coating and co-filtering materials is often necessary for keeping the filtration of syngas stable, in industrial applications.

Download Full-text

Effect of catalyst to lignite ratio on the performance of a pilot scale fixed bed gasifier

Energy ◽

10.1016/j.energy.2019.116229 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 189 ◽

pp. 116229 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Darshit S. Upadhyay ◽

Aakash Khosla ◽

Amita Chaudhary ◽

Rajesh N. Patel

Keyword(s):

Fixed Bed ◽

Pilot Scale

Download Full-text

Pilot Scale Continuous Adsorption of Soluble Oil Wastewater by Modified Sugarcane Bagasse with Al2(SO4)3 as Adsorbent

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.990.177 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 990 ◽

pp. 177-182

Author(s):

Toungrat Janpattanapong ◽

Kowit Piyamongkala ◽

Von Louie R. Manguiam

Keyword(s):

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Breakthrough Curves ◽

Continuous Adsorption ◽

Before And After ◽

Significant Uptake ◽

Oil Wastewater

The modified sugarcane bagasse with aluminum sulfate was used as an adsorbent for the removal of soluble oil wastewater. The effects of the flow rate, 5 and 10 cm3/min and the number of columns used were thoroughly investigated in a continuous up-flow adsorption process. At the flow rate of 5 cm3/min respected to the 2nd column, the highest breakthrough point to adsorb soluble oil wastewater was at 6 hrs. The results confirmed that the modified sugarcane bagasse can be used as an adsorbent for fixed-bed continuous adsorption of soluble oil wastewater from steel pipe factory. The breakthrough curves were predicted by Yoon-Nelson model. This model may be fitted to predict the overall breakthrough curve using the experimental data gathered. In addition, the significant uptake of the soluble oil wastewater was demonstrated by the changes in the heat of combustion of the modified sugarcane bagasse before and after the adsorption process.

Download Full-text