scholarly journals High-Temperature, Dry Scrubbing of Syngas with Use of Mineral Sorbents and Ceramic Rigid Filters

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1528
Author(s):  
Mateusz Szul ◽  
Tomasz Iluk ◽  
Aleksander Sobolewski
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Ceramic Filters ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
The Stability

In this research, the idea of multicomponent, one-vessel cleaning of syngas through simultaneous dedusting and adsorption is described. Data presented were obtained with the use of a pilot-scale 60 kWth fixed-bed GazEla reactor, coupled with a dry gas cleaning unit where mineral sorbents are injected into raw syngas at 500–650 °C, before dedusting at ceramic filters. The research primarily presents results of the application of four calcined sorbents, i.e., chalk (CaO), dolomite (MgO–CaO), halloysite (AlO–MgO–FeO), and kaolinite (AlO–MgO) for high-temperature (HT) adsorption of impurities contained in syngas from gasification of biomass. An emphasis on data regarding the stability of the filtration process is provided since the addition of coating and co-filtering materials is often necessary for keeping the filtration of syngas stable, in industrial applications.

High Temperature CO2 Capture by Regenerable Calcium Aluminates Carbonates Sorbents

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
Ching Tsung Yu ◽  
Han Wen Cheng ◽  
Wei Chin Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Economic Consideration ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Calcium Aluminates ◽  
Efficient Route ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Aqueous Conditions ◽  
Reactive Mechanism

The calcium aluminates carbonates are prepared as mediumhigh temperature CO2 sorbents. The sorbent exhibited excellent performance with 53 wt% capacity and 99% stability in TGA test for 15 h. However, using the sorbent in a fixed-bed reactor, it was found that the stability rapidly decreased to about 35% after 10 cycles. Hence, development of regeneration methods for reusing this spent sorbents is critical to economic consideration toward CO2 capture technology. The calcium aluminates carbonates sorbent makes up layered structure including cations formation (Ca2+, Al3+) and lamella anions (CO32-, OH), which can be re-constructed under aqueous conditions. Aqueous hydrolysis provides an efficient route to reactive sorbent. The results showed that CO2 capacity could be recovered to around 50 wt% with 98% stability in TGA test for 15 h for spent sorbents. The reactive mechanism of sorbent is worthy to further discussing.

Modeling and Design of a High Temperature Chamber Fed by a Plasma Torch for Removal of Tars

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Demarthon ◽  
Frédéric Marias ◽  
Alice Fourcault ◽  
Jean Paul Robert-Arnouil
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Reaction Scheme ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Condensation Temperature ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Discrete Phase

One way of biomass and/or waste recycling is its thermochemical conversion into combustible gas. Mainly composed of CO,H2 and CH4, the gas may also contain varying amounts of impurities (dust, polluting products, tar or soot). Specifically, there is a tar problem: their high condensation temperature is incompatible with an industrial utilization. They can cause rapid fouling, corrosion and abrasion into turbines or engines. Proposed by EUROPLASMA, the CHO-Power process aims to generate electricity from a mixture of municipal waste and biomass using a fixed bed gasifier with conventional gas treatment. Its specificity consists of an unit called Turboplasma. This stage allows to reach very high temperature in order to obtain temperature around 1600K, and so to degrade all tars present, even heavier. Indeed, EUROPLASMA built a gasification pilot unit based on fluidized bed technology, (called KIWI) to qualify the synthesis gas produced. TURBOPLASMA pilot scale will be installed there. The objective of this work is the design of this high temperature stage thanks to numerical modeling. Reaction scheme used previously [4] to modelize tar degradation in the Turboplasma of CHO-Power, has been improved: a discrete phase modeling has been added providing a better view of the TURBOPLASMA internal behavior. Indeed, char particles from syngas can significantly change the reactor performance. This study shows that char particles react primarily with the H2O and CO2. Char gasification takes place in areas of high velocity and temperature gradient. Increased understanding of aerodynamics inside the reactor allows a better estimate of the overall performance of the reactor. Performance evaluation of the reactor is based on a set of parameters such as levels of heat loss, velocity gradient, mixing quality, residence time.

Effect of Improved ThO2 Particle Dispersion in Nickel on High-Temperature Strength

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 444-445
Author(s):  
E. R. Kimmel ◽  
H. L. Anthony ◽  
W. Scheithauer
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Oxide Particle ◽  
Oxide Phase ◽  
Dislocation Motion ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Oxide Particles ◽  
The Stability

The strengthening effect at high temperature produced by a dispersed oxide phase in a metal matrix is seemingly dependent on at least two major contributors: oxide particle size and spatial distribution, and stability of the worked microstructure. These two are strongly interrelated. The stability of the microstructure is produced by polygonization of the worked structure forming low angle cell boundaries which become anchored by the dispersed oxide particles. The effect of the particles on strength is therefore twofold, in that they stabilize the worked microstructure and also hinder dislocation motion during loading.

Electron energy loss near edge structures of intermetallic alloys and grain boundaries in NiAl

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 522-523
Author(s):  
G.A. Botton ◽  
C.J. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Edge Structure ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Yield Behaviour ◽  
Late Transition ◽  
Metal Aluminides

Transition metal aluminides are of great potential interest for high temperature structural applications. Although these materials exhibit good mechanical properties at high temperature, their use in industrial applications is often limited by their intrinsic room temperature brittleness. Whilst this particular yield behaviour is directly related to the defect structure, the properties of the defects (in particular the mobility of dislocations and the slip system on which these dislocations move) are ultimately determined by the electronic structure and bonding in these materials. The lack of ductility has been attributed, at least in part, to the mixed bonding character (metallic and covalent) as inferred from ab-initio calculations. In this work, we analyse energy loss spectra and discuss the features of the near edge structure in terms of the relevant electronic states in order to compare the predictions on bonding directly with spectroscopic experiments. In this process, we compare spectra of late transition metal (TM) to early TM aluminides (FeAl and TiAl) to assess whether differences in bonding can also be detected. This information is then discussed in terms of bonding changes at grain boundaries in NiAl.

ALUMINUM 1100

Alloy Digest ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Commercially Pure

Abstract ALUMINUM 1100 is commercially pure aluminum and is characterized by its excellent ability to be drawn, spun, stamped or forged. It has good weldability, excellent resistance to corrosion and many home, architectural and industrial applications. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance, and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Al-44. Producer or source: Various aluminum companies. Originally published October 1956, revised February 1974.

PLATINUM

Alloy Digest ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
High Melting ◽  
High Melting Point ◽  
White Metal ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Corrosion And Oxidation

Abstract PLATINUM is a soft, ductile, white metal which can be readily worked either hot or cold. It has a wide range of industrial applications because of its excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance and its high melting point. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Pt-1. Producer or source: Matthey Bishop Inc..

KUBOTA HK40 and HK50

Alloy Digest ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Ni Alloys ◽  
Moderately High Temperature

Abstract Kubota alloys HK40 and HK50 are austenitic Fe-Cr-Ni alloys that have been standard heat-resistant materials for more than four decades. With moderately high temperature strength, oxidation resistance, and carburization resistance the alloys are used in a wide variety of industrial applications. HK 50 has slightly higher carbon content. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on casting, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-998. Producer or source: Kubota Metal Corporation, Fahramet Division.

scholarly journals Development of a simplified gas ultracleaning process: experiments in biomass residue-based fixed-bed gasification syngas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Frilund ◽  
Esa Kurkela ◽  
Ilkka Hiltunen
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Carbonyl Sulfide ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Adsorption Affinity

AbstractFor the realization of small-scale biomass-to-liquid (BTL) processes, low-cost syngas cleaning remains a major obstacle, and for this reason a simplified gas ultracleaning process is being developed. In this study, a low- to medium-temperature final gas cleaning process based on adsorption and organic solvent-free scrubbing methods was coupled to a pilot-scale staged fixed-bed gasification facility including hot filtration and catalytic reforming steps for extended duration gas cleaning tests for the generation of ultraclean syngas. The final gas cleaning process purified syngas from woody and agricultural biomass origin to a degree suitable for catalytic synthesis. The gas contained up to 3000 ppm of ammonia, 1300 ppm of benzene, 200 ppm of hydrogen sulfide, 10 ppm of carbonyl sulfide, and 5 ppm of hydrogen cyanide. Post-run characterization displayed that the accumulation of impurities on the Cu-based deoxygenation catalyst (TOS 105 h) did not occur, demonstrating that effective main impurity removal was achieved in the first two steps: acidic water scrubbing (AWC) and adsorption by activated carbons (AR). In the final test campaign, a comprehensive multipoint gas analysis confirmed that ammonia was fully removed by the scrubbing step, and benzene and H2S were fully removed by the subsequent activated carbon beds. The activated carbons achieved > 90% removal of up to 100 ppm of COS and 5 ppm of HCN in the syngas. These results provide insights into the adsorption affinity of activated carbons in a complex impurity matrix, which would be arduous to replicate in laboratory conditions.

Oxa-Michael polyaddition of vinylsulfonylethanol for aliphatic polyethersulfones

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Ziegenbalg ◽  
Ruth Lohwasser ◽  
Giovanni D’Andola ◽  
Torben Adermann ◽  
Johannes Christopher Brendel
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
High Refractive Index ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Interesting Class ◽  
The Common ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

Polyethersulfones are an interesting class of polymers for industrial applications due to their unusual properties such as a high refractive index, flame-retardant properties, high temperature and chemical resistance. The common...

scholarly journals Suboptimal Disturbance Observer Design Using All Stabilizing Q Filter for Precise Tracking Control

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wonhee Kim ◽  
Sangmin Suh
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Observer Design ◽  
Linear Matrix ◽  
External Disturbances ◽  
Closed Loop Systems ◽  
Control Target ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Unified Index

For several decades, disturbance observers (DOs) have been widely utilized to enhance tracking performance by reducing external disturbances in different industrial applications. However, although a DO is a verified control structure, a conventional DO does not guarantee stability. This paper proposes a stability-guaranteed design method, while maintaining the DO structure. The proposed design method uses a linear matrix inequality (LMI)-based H∞ control because the LMI-based control guarantees the stability of closed loop systems. However, applying the DO design to the LMI framework is not trivial because there are two control targets, whereas the standard LMI stabilizes a single control target. In this study, the problem is first resolved by building a single fictitious model because the two models are serial and can be considered as a single model from the Q-filter point of view. Using the proposed design framework, all-stabilizing Q filters are calculated. In addition, for the stability and robustness of the DO, two metrics are proposed to quantify the stability and robustness and combined into a single unified index to satisfy both metrics. Based on an application example, it is verified that the proposed method is effective, with a performance improvement of 10.8%.

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