scholarly journals Beyond Sugar and Ethanol Production: Value Generation Opportunities Through Sugarcane Residues

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffi Formann ◽  
Alena Hahn ◽  
Leandro Janke ◽  
Walter Stinner ◽  
Heike Sträuber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Product Portfolio ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Residual Biomass ◽  
Liquid Residue ◽  
Production Value ◽  
Cascading Processes

Sugarcane is the most produced agricultural commodity in tropical and subtropical regions, where it is primarily used for the production of sugar and ethanol. The latter is mostly used to produce alcoholic beverages as well as low carbon biofuel. Despite well-established production chains, their respective residues and by-products present unexploited potentials for further product portfolio diversification. These fully or partially untapped product streams are a) sugarcane trash or straw that usually remain on the fields after mechanized harvest, b) ashes derived from bagasse combustion in cogeneration plants, c) filter cake from clarification of the sugarcane juice, d) vinasse which is the liquid residue after distillation of ethanol, and e) biogenic CO2 emitted during bagasse combustion and ethanol fermentation. The development of innovative cascading processes using these residual biomass fractions could significantly reduce final disposal costs, improve the energy output, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and extend the product portfolio of sugarcane mills. This study reviews not only the state-of-the-art sugarcane biorefinery concepts, but also proposes innovative ways for further valorizing residual biomass. This study is therefore structured in four main areas, namely: i) Cascading use of organic residues for carboxylates, bioplastic, and bio-fertilizer production, ii) recovery of unexploited organic residues via anaerobic digestion to produce biogas, iii) valorization of biogenic CO2 sources, and iv) recovery of silicon from bagasse ashes.

scholarly journals The Study of Leading Subsector and Leading Commodities of Agricultural in Anambas Islands Regency, Riau Islands Province

Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Marina Marina ◽  
Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto ◽  
Masyhuri Masyhuri
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Production Value ◽  
Plantation Crops

Indonesian government is currently implementing regional development emphasizing on the characteristic and potential strength of each region. This program will be more optimal if conducted based on the introduction of the leading potential along with its use by maintaining the environmental sustainability. This research is aimed to (1) identify the basis/leading and non-basis/non-leading of agricultural sub-sector and its commodities; (2) to classify the pattern of sub-sector growth and agricultural commodities. The data used was time series consisting of secondary data from Anambas Islands Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) in accordance with the basic constant price in 2010 and the production value data of agricultural commodity during 2010-2015. The data analysis by Location Quotient (LQ) and Typology Klassen method. The analysis result shows that the sub-sectors of food crops, plantation, and fishery are the basis sub-sector (LQ > 1). The commodities of wetland paddy, sweet potato, mustard, water spinach, spinach, pineapple, banana, coconut, clove, cow (cattle) and kampong chicken are the basic commodities (LQ > 1). According to the analysis of Klassen Typology, the sub-sectors of food crops and plantation crops are included in leading and fast-growing classification (rik  > riand Yik> Yi), while the commodities of wetland paddy, sweet potato, mustard, spinach, and coconut are included in the leading and fast-growing commodities.

scholarly journals Climate Change Impact on Photovoltaic Energy Output: The Case of Greece

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioanna S. Panagea ◽  
Ioannis K. Tsanis ◽  
Aristeidis G. Koutroulis ◽  
Manolis G. Grillakis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Total Radiation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Photovoltaic Energy ◽  
Projected Change

Solar power is the third major renewable energy, constituting an increasingly important component of global future—low carbon—energy portfolio. Accurate climate information is essential for the conditions of solar energy production, maximization, and stable regulation and planning. Climate change impacts on energy output projections are thus of crucial importance. In this study the effect of projected changes in irradiance and temperature on the performance of photovoltaic systems in Greece is examined. Climate projections were obtained from 5 regional climate models (RCMs) under the A1B emissions scenario, for two future periods. The RCM data present systematic errors against observed values, resulting in the need of bias adjustment. The projected change in photovoltaic energy output was then estimated, considering changes in temperature and insolation. The spatiotemporal analysis indicates significant increase in mean annual temperature (up to 3.5°C) and mean total radiation (up to 5 W/m2) by 2100. The performance of photovoltaic systems exhibits a negative linear dependence on the projected temperature increase which is outweighed by the expected increase of total radiation resulting in an up to 4% increase in energy output.

scholarly journals Consumption of food in relation to income and saturation limit of Slovak households

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 560-568
Author(s):  
Ľubica Kubicová ◽  
Zdenka Kádeková ◽  
Natália Turčeková ◽  
Peter Bielik
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Product Portfolio ◽  
Money Income ◽  
Consumption Expenditures ◽  
Slovak Population ◽  
The Cost

Food represents everyday need and from this point of view is stable and computable demand on the consumer market. Based on the current development of households’ net money income and consumption expenditures, the aim of the paper is to point at the development of food consumption and changes in the cost of living of the population in Slovakia. Previous food consumption analyses proved that eating habits of the Slovak population comply neither with healthy lifestyle nor recommended doses, due to the low level of disposable net money income. In the analysis, linear and nonlinear functions were used in order to evaluate the development and saturation of demand for basic foods in Slovakia in the period 2008–2017. During these years, the share of expenditures on food and non-alcoholic beverages did not significantly change the consumption expenditures; they moved in intervals from 19.2% (2017) to 23.1% (2013), which is still a high share in comparison with EU countries (12.2%). The analysis provided in the paper is a suitable base for food businesses to create a product portfolio based on different net money income and saturation demand for basic foods.

Thai Beverage Public Company Limited: Thailand leader, global challenger

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Amonrat Thoumrungroje ◽  
Olimpia C. Racela
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Industry Structure ◽  
Portfolio Analysis ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Product Portfolio ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Company Limited ◽  
Public Company

Subject area Corporate diversification, product portfolio analysis, industry structure, international business expansion, beverage industry. Study level/applicability The case is suitable for senior undergraduate and graduate MBA strategic management, international business strategy, and marketing strategy courses. Case overview Thai Beverage Public Company Limited (ThaiBev) was Thailand's largest beverage company and was among Asia's major alcoholic beverage companies. The case situation takes place during the latter part of August 2010, two years after the public announcement of ThaiBev's ambitious intentions to become a comprehensive and integrated beverage company and after having recently re-launched its acquired Wrangyer energy brand, a move signaling ThaiBev's strong commitment to its non-alcoholic beverages. The case describes the beverage industries at the global, regional, and country level and discusses ThaiBev's range of businesses. Marut Buranasetkul, Senior Vice President of Corporate Service and Deputy Managing Director of Thai Beverage Marketing, the sales and marketing arm of ThaiBev, must decide on the direction for ThaiBev to pursue to bring ThaiBev's non-alcoholic beverages to account for at least 10 percent of the company's total revenue. This case presents a number of important strategic topics, particularly in discussing industry structure and competition, as well as diversification issues encountered by a firm that was attempting to create a greater balance between the revenue contributions from its market leading dominant businesses and that of its younger and newer business lines. Expected learning outcomes Students will: understand the challenges faced by large conglomerates wanting to change their market position; learn to apply different frameworks such as Porter's Five Force Model, portfolio analysis, SWOT and to assess the competitive environment; learn to evaluate a company's current product portfolio and to recommend strategies to improve its allocation of resources; and learn to identify key success factors necessary to compete in a highly competitive industry. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KOMODITAS DAN SUBSEKTOR UNGGULAN SEKTOR PERTANIAN PROVINSI MALUKU UTARA

Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karmila Ibrahim ◽  
Slamet Hartono ◽  
Irham Irham
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Timber Tree ◽  
Production Value

The study purpose: (1) to know the leading sub-sector and leading agricultural commodity; and (2) to know the agricultural sector growth in North Maluku province in 2000-2006. This study use PDRB data based on constant price in 2000 and commodity production value. Analyses used are LQ, DLQ, Shift-Share, and Klassen Typology. The results show that agricultural sector values, includes food crops, estate, forestry sub-sector, have LQ and DLQ value more than 1, means that those sub-sector leads. On the other hand, agricultural leading commodity are paddy, corn, groundnut, yam, cassava, clove, nutmeg, coconut, lay hen, broiler, goat, cow, group of timber tree, back woods, and number of fishes, that are origin community called as fish beloso, fish biji nangka, fish kuwe, fish swanggi, white pomfret, mackerel, fish sunglir, fish terbang, fish julung-julung; tiny sefish, terubuk, fish cakalang, barong shrimp, squit, cuttlefish, and terrapin.The growth rate of agricultural sector in North Maluku province wasaffected by national growth rate. The growth rates of agricultural sectordistrict before and after decentralization are affected by the growth rate ofprovince. Based on Klassen Typology, North Maluku was classified as poorregion at national level.

S.E.M.-T.E.M. Image Comparison

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
G. M. Greene ◽  
J. W. Sprys
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Secondary Emission ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Preparation Time ◽  
Actual Surface ◽  
Fine Detail ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Transmission Study ◽  
Large Sections

The present study demonstrates that fracture surfaces appear strikingly different when observed in the transmission electron microscope by replication and in the scanning electron microscope by backscattering and secondary emission. It is important to know what form these differences take because of the limitations of each instrument. Replication is useful for study of surfaces too large for insertion into the S.E.M. and for resolution of fine detail at high magnification with the T.E.M. Scanning microscopy reduces sample preparation time and allows large sections of the actual surface to be viewed.In the present investigation various modes of the S.E.M. along with the transmission mode in the T.E.M. were used to study one area of a fatigue surface of a low carbon steel. Following transmission study of a platinum carbon replica in the T.E.M. and S.E.M. the replica was coated with a gold layer approximately 200A° in thickness to improve electron emission.

Lattice Imaging of Twin, Lath and α/Martensite Boundaries in Duplex Low Carbon Steels

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 118-119
Author(s):  
J. Y. Koo ◽  
G. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ferrite Matrix ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Bright Field Image ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Lattice Imaging ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Lattice Image ◽  
New Information ◽  
Resolution Electron

High resolution electron microscopy has been shown to give new information on defects(1) and phase transformations in solids (2,3). In a continuing program of lattice fringe imaging of alloys, we have applied this technique to the martensitic transformation in steels in order to characterize the atomic environments near twin, lath and αmartensite boundaries. This paper describes current progress in this program.Figures A and B show lattice image and conventional bright field image of the same area of a duplex Fe/2Si/0.1C steel described elsewhere(4). The microstructure consists of internally twinned martensite (M) embedded in a ferrite matrix (F). Use of the 2-beam tilted illumination technique incorporating a twin reflection produced {110} fringes across the microtwins.

Characterization of carbides in M50NiL

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 606-607
Author(s):  
L. S. Lin ◽  
K. P. Gumz ◽  
A. V. Karg ◽  
C. C. Law
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Base Composition ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Control Surface ◽  
Carbide Formation ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Fee Structure ◽  
Heat Treated

Carbon and temperature effects on carbide formation in the carburized zone of M50NiL are of great importance because they can be used to control surface properties of bearings. A series of homogeneous alloys (with M50NiL as base composition) containing various levels of carbon in the range of 0.15% to 1.5% (in wt.%) and heat treated at temperatures between 650°C to 1100°C were selected for characterizations. Eleven samples were chosen for carbide characterization and chemical analysis and their identifications are listed in Table 1.Five different carbides consisting of M6C, M2C, M7C3 and M23C6 were found in all eleven samples examined as shown in Table 1. M6C carbides (with least carbon) were found to be the major carbide in low carbon alloys (<0.3% C) and their amounts decreased as the carbon content increased. In sample C (0.3% C), most particles (95%) encountered were M6C carbide with a particle sizes range between 0.05 to 0.25 um. The M6C carbide are enriched in both Mo and Fe and have a fee structure with lattice parameter a=1.105 nm (Figure 1).

Thermomechanical Treatment of a 4340 Ni-Cr-Mo Alloy Steel

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 314-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.T. Jahn ◽  
J.C. Yang ◽  
C.M. Wan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Alloy Steel ◽  
Thermomechanical Treatment ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Good Combination ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
4340 Steel ◽  
Good Improvement

4340 Ni-Cr-Mo alloy steel is widely used due to its good combination of strength and toughness. The mechanical property of 4340 steel can be improved by various thermal treatments. The influence of thermomechanical treatment (TMT) has been studied in a low carbon Ni-Cr-Mo steel having chemical composition closed to 4340 steel. TMT of 4340 steel is rarely examined up to now. In this study we obtain good improvement on the mechanical property of 4340 steel by TMT. The mechanism is explained in terms of TEM microstructures4340 (0.39C-1.81Ni-0.93Cr-0.26Mo) steel was austenitized at 950°C for 30 minutes. The TMTed specimen (T) was obtained by forging the specimen continuously as the temperature of the specimen was decreasing from 950°C to 600°C followed by oil quenching to room temperature. The thickness reduction ratio by forging is 40%. The conventional specimen (C) was obtained by quenching the specimen directly into room temperature oil after austenitized at 950°C for 30 minutes. All quenched specimens (T and C) were then tempered at 450, 500, 550, 600 or 650°C for four hours respectively.

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