scholarly journals Plastic Recovery and Utilization: From Ocean Pollution to Green Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adedeji A. Adelodun
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
High Durability ◽  
Plastic Wastes ◽  
Organic Catalysis ◽  
Ready Availability

Due to their numerous merits (such as high durability, diverse applicability, ready-availability, low-cost, reusability, and so on), the presumably inevitable use of plastics makes their waste ubiquitously dispersed in our environment, especially in the oceans. The environmental damage posed, especially to the ecosystem, initiated the need for recourse control of these environmentally refractory pollutants. In this review, the various sources, classifications, fate, and control measures of plastic wastes were appraised. Further, of the three primary techniques for resource control, pyrolysis was reviewed in-depth, showing its relevance and superiority over others. Specific case studies showed that liquid and gaseous fuels derived from pyrolyzed plastics are a waste-to-wealth system that requires optimization and intensification. Such an approach would further help rid our planet of the numerous plastic wastes while improving our economy and achieving our energy demand. One approach identified to improve the current pyrolysis technology is catalysis. Further research should devise green methods for organic catalysis, which are environmentally benign.

scholarly journals IoT Platform for Energy Sustainability in University Campuses

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Pedro Moura ◽  
José Ignacio Moreno ◽  
Gregorio López López ◽  
Manuel Alvarez-Campana
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Energy Sustainability ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Iot Platform

University campuses are normally constituted of large buildings responsible for high energy demand, and are also important as demonstration sites for new technologies and systems. This paper presents the results of achieving energy sustainability in a testbed composed of a set of four buildings that constitute the Telecommunications Engineering School of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. In the paper, after characterizing the consumption of university buildings for a complete year, different options to achieve more sustainable use of energy are presented, considering the integration of renewable generation sources, namely photovoltaic generation, and monitoring and controlling electricity demand. To ensure the implementation of the desired monitoring and control, an internet of things (IoT) platform based on wireless sensor network (WSN) infrastructure was designed and installed. Such a platform supports a smart system to control the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) and lighting systems in buildings. Furthermore, the paper presents the developed IoT-based platform, as well as the implemented services. As a result, the paper illustrates how providing old existing buildings with the appropriate technology can contribute to the objective of transforming such buildings into nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEB) at a low cost.

Strength Properties and Microscopic Observations of Concrete with Plastic Wastes as Partial Aggregate Substitute

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Winston C. Oreta ◽  
Maejann E. Cuartero ◽  
Nikko Paolo P. Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Plastic Wastes ◽  
Metro Manila ◽  
Performance Results

<p>Sustainable construction can be promoted by producing construction materials with recycled waste. This study aims to address the issue of recycling plastic wastes and providing a means of livelihood in a relocation site of typhoon victims and urban settlers in Metro Manila by exploring the production of quality concrete hollow blocks (CHB) mixed with waste plastic wastes. In the study, the strength properties of concrete with various types of plastic wastes (PW) such as plastic bags (PB) and noodle wrappers (NW) as substitute to fine aggregates were investigated. Different percent substitutions, specifically 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%, were considered for each mix. The behaviour and strength properties of the concrete with and without PW were analysed and compared Moreover, the microscopic structures of the various types of mixes were observed using a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and related to the failure mode and strength performance. Results show that concrete with PB outperformed the other concrete mixes with plastics due to the plastic bag’s high stretchable property, compared to the noodle wrappers. In addition, plastics, in general, provide additional ductility to the concrete enabling them to tolerate more deformation at lower loads. The final product of the study is a mix design for producing non-load bearing concrete hollow blocks (CHB) that can be used for low-cost housing in the Philippines.</p>

AN INTEGRATED DESIGN PROCESS OF LOW-COST HOUSING IN CHILE

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Maureen Trebilcock-Kelly ◽  
Gerardo Saelzer-Fica ◽  
Ariel Bobadilla-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
U Value ◽  
Low Cost Housing ◽  
Integrated Design Process ◽  
The City

This paper discusses the application of Integrated Design Process for the design of low-cost housing in Chile. It aims to question common practice for the development of housing based on prescriptive regulations and non-interdisciplinary work, which has resulted in poor quality building requirements. The first stage consisted in defining performance requirements for aspects such as energy demand, U value, air tightness and indoor air quality for a specific case of low-cost houses located in the city of Temuco. An integrated design process was carried out by an interdisciplinary team of professionals specialized in each of the performance aspects that were taken into account. The construction and post-occupancy stages were characterized by verifying the performance requirements, which resulted in a low-cost house prototype that included strategies for energy efficiency and a healthy indoor environment.

A New Fiber Reinforced Composite Material Properties and Engineering Application

2011 ◽  
Vol 399-401 ◽  
pp. 1294-1297
Author(s):  
Li Xin Yin ◽  
Jing Yan ◽  
Guo Wen Li ◽  
Wei Qiang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
High Durability ◽  
New Material ◽  
Construction Efficiency ◽  
Reinforced Composite Material

External thermal insulation technology for building external wall has gradually been one important technology of the construction energy conservation. A new fibre reinforced composite material is made up of cement, flyash, silicon ash, the inflation polystyrene pellet and the admixture, after the experiment examination and the engineering application, the effect of thermal insulation is good, the performance of fire proof is excellent, high durability and low cost, good property of sound absorption. Solved the quality problem exist in the traditional building outer wall thermal insulation system such as the thermal insulation layer fall off, split, seep and so on. The new material can product standardize in factory, increase the construction efficiency; in favor of the construction industrialization and could promote construction business sustainable development.

Waste stabilization ponds and rock filters: solutions for small communities

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.D. Mara ◽  
M.L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Pathogen Reduction ◽  
Crop Irrigation

In temperate climates facultative ponds and rock filters (either unaerated or, if ammonia removal is required, aerated) are a low-cost but high-performance treatment system for small rural communities. Effluent quality is suitable for surface water discharge or, in summer, for restricted crop irrigation. In tropical climates anaerobic and facultative ponds and either unaerated rock filters or, if ammonia reduction is required, subsurface horizontal-flow or vertical-flow constructed wetland, can be used if the effluents are discharged to surface waters. However, if the treated wastewater is to be used for crop irrigation, then a 3-log unit pathogen reduction by treatment in anaerobic, facultative and single maturation ponds is required for both restricted and unrestricted irrigation, provided that, in the case of unrestricted irrigation, there are in place post-treatment health-protection control measures that together provide a further 4-log unit pathogen reduction.

scholarly journals Energy and Economic Impact on the Application of Low-Cost Lightweight Materials in Economic Housing Located in Dry Climates

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Borbon-Almada ◽  
Norma Rodriguez-Muñoz ◽  
Mario Najera-Trejo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
System Integration ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cementitious Composite ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Dry Climates

The building sector is considered a key area for sustainable development, due to the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the numerous economic activities that this sector involves. A low-cost lightweight cementitious composite consisting in perlite mortar was fabricated and evaluated. The thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the proposed composite were tested in the laboratory. The lightweight composite was integrated into a prototypical house and its thermal performance was tested for two different arid climates during a typical meteorological year. A techno-economic analysis of this integration was carried out, which showed the lightweight system integration could reduce the energy demand up to 10.3% due to the decreased use of heating and cooling systems. The CO2 emissions associated with electricity and gas use on cooling and heating systems could be reduced up to 10.9%.

scholarly journals Development of a Low-Cost Instrumentation System Applied to an Electrolytic Cell

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Gemírson de Paula dos Reis ◽  
Saulo Neves Matos ◽  
Alan Kardek Rêgo Segundo ◽  
Elisângela Martins Leal ◽  
Robson Lage Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrolytic Cell ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Feasible Alternative ◽  
Term Energy

Humanity’s growing long-term energy demand will be the opportunity for new energy generation sources. In this scenario, the use of hydrogen as an energy source has become an interesting alternative to energy production, as the use of fossil fuels can lead to harmful consequences, such as the emission of greenhouse gases. This paper presents the development of a low-cost instrumentation system for monitoring the temperature, current, voltage, and gas flow rate of a dry electrolytic cell. Through the electrolysis process, the cell generates a hydrogen-rich gas which is used as an additive in an internal combustion engine to reduce pollutant gas emissions and primary fuel consumption. The measured variables are presented as a function of the time to analyze the behavior of the electrolyzer. The main advance reported in this work is related to the use of a low-cost sensor for a hydrogen-rich gas flow measurement, in which calibration was performed indirectly using a rotameter as a reference. The calibration curve adjusted to the experimental data by linear regression presented a coefficient of determination of 0.9957. Thus, the use of the low-cost sensor is a feasible alternative for measuring the electrolysis gas generated by the cell.

scholarly journals Low Ash Fuel and Chemicals From the Convertech Process

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus M. Benter ◽  
Ian G. Bywater ◽  
Ken E. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Biomass Processing ◽  
Renewable Power Generation ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Essential Chemical

A new, efficient process for reducing the ash content, drying and fractionating raw lignocellulosic materials into chemicals and a dry solid end product, eminently suitable as a fuel for conventional boilers or for milling to a fine powder for gas turbine firing, shows strong potential for renewable power generation. The dry, low ash solids, termed “Cellulig™”, will also be suitable for gasification and to drive gas turbines. Sustainable liquid and gaseous fuels will become increasingly necessary in the 21st century to reduce dependence on imported fuels, to replace dwindling supplies of oil and natural gas and to avoid environmental damage from green house gases. Convertech Group Ltd. has built a demonstration biomass processing plant at Burnham, Canterbury, New Zealand, with investment from the energy industry and the Australian Energy Research and Development Council. The essential chemical and process engineering elements are described and the current and future development opportunities outlined.

TECHNICAL SUPPORT OF SPILL CONTROL OPERATIONS

1977 ◽  
Vol 1977 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-103
Author(s):  
James P. Marum ◽  
Walter R. Quanstrom ◽  
Robert G. Will
Keyword(s):  
Support Group ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Technical Support ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
After Effects ◽  
Spill Control ◽  
Standard Oil Company ◽  
Oil Company ◽  
Line Management

ABSTRACT Standard Oil Company (Indiana) has established a corporate technical support group to strengthen its response to oil spills and their after-effects. The primary function of this group is to advise and provide consultation to line management of the Amoco companies in dealing with the environmental problems resulting from a spill. Specialists in the group include personnel skilled in control and cleanup techniques, a terrestrial ecologist, a marine biologist, an aquifer specialist, a soils engineer, an experienced water chemist and several others. One or more members of the group proceed to the scene of a spill upon request as provided for in the contingency plans of the various Amoco subsidiaries. On arriving at the scene, the techical support group surveys the spill situation, makes an environmental damage appraisal, evaluates the spill control measures underway, and then makes recommendations on spill control priorities and techniques. Members of the group also document the immediate and subsequent environmental effects of the spill. Line management has found it especially valuable to have their own experts at the scene to meet with various governmental and private experts. Two case histories describing the involvement of the corporate technical support group in control of gasoline spills are presented.

Polymers for Concrete Modification – Interactions and Application Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 687 ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Pakusch ◽  
Sheng Xian Wang ◽  
Sridhar Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
High Mechanical Strength ◽  
High Durability ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Formation Of Cracks ◽  
Polymer Dispersions ◽  
Poor Adhesion

Concrete is globally the most widely used construction material featuring outstanding properties as e.g. high mechanical strength, global availability, low cost and high durability if properly made. However, concrete exhibits also numerous intrinsic drawbacks as e.g. low tensile strength, poor elasticity, in many cases poor adhesion to various substrates and the formation of cracks and thus reduced durability. Many if not all of these drawbacks can be compensated by the addition of environmentally friendly water-based polymer dispersions. This article focuses on the fundamental understanding of the interaction of polymers with the other components in concrete, and its impact on the properties of latex-modified concrete (LMC), such as rheology, mechanical properties, adhesion, abrasion resistance etc. As a practical example the application of LMC in North American bridge deck overlays is discussed. Special attention is thereby paid to concrete mix designs, performance enhancement and the durability of these materials in the field.

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