Assessment of nocturnal insects in desert locust habitat after the application of insecticides against Desert Locust in Sub-Zoba Shieb, Eritrea

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Daniel Brhane ◽  
Adugna Haile
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Desert Locust ◽  
Population Count ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Locust Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lower Population ◽  
Insecticide Control

The study on the impact of insecticide nocturnal insects used to control desert locust was conducted at Shelshela, sub-region Shieb from November 2015 to February 2016. Its aim was to assess the impact of Desert Locust control insecticides spray on non-target arthropods. The experiment was carried out in RCBD using three treatments of fenitrothion 96% ULV, chlorpyrifos 45% ULV and control with three replications. It was replicated three times. Each plot had a size of 1 ha with a buffer zone among plots and blocks were 100 m. Data were recorded two times at pre-sprays and five times at post-sprays. During study period 4 insect families were observed and data were analyzed. These were Calliphoridae, Elateridae, Scarabidae, and Pselaphidae. In pre-spray, data did not show significant difference among treatments used. After 48 hrs of post-spray result showed significant difference among treatments. Both insecticides treated plots showed significantly lower population count than control plot. Between the treatments used fenitrothion treated plots generally showed more reduction in population count than chlorpyrifos. From the study it is observed that Elateridae can be used as bio-indicator during insecticide control of desert locust in the study areas.

457 The Impact of PAP Therapy on Hematocrit in OSA and Polycythemia: A Pilot Study

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A180-A181
Author(s):  
Mustafa Jafri ◽  
Gabrielle Rosa-Acosta ◽  
Jose Flores Martinez ◽  
Elizabeth Schofield ◽  
Cy Wilkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Testosterone Therapy ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Testosterone Administration ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Untreated polycythemia leads to complications including thrombosis. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is commonly associated with secondary erythrocytosis, which testosterone therapy can perpetuate. Effects of positive airway pressure (PAP) on elevated hematocrit (HCT) is unknown. We hypothesize PAP adherence can reduce HCT in men with OSA and polycythemia. Methods Retrospective chart review of male outpatients with newly diagnosed OSA and HCT≥45% at or 3 months before polysomnography (PSG) was conducted. Intervention group consisted of patients initiating PAP for OSA. HCT within 6 months of PAP initiation and PSG were recorded for intervention and control groups, respectively. Primary endpoint was time-to-HCT reduction of HCT<50% plus 3% decrease. Cox proportional-hazards analysis was used to assess time-to-HCT response. Demographics, smoking history, testosterone administration, STOP-Bang score, AHI, and PAP compliance data were obtained. Patients excluded if PAP not indicated, or if PSG, PAP compliance, or repeat HCT were unavailable. Results 41 men with OSA had HCT≥45%, of which 16 had HCT≥50%. Median age was 60 years and median BMI was 32 kg/m2. 28 started PAP. 21 met definition for PAP compliance within 6 months. Median AHI of intervention and control groups were 23 and 19 events/hr, respectively. Mean baseline HCT of both groups were 49 and 50, respectively. No significant difference in age, BMI, smoking history, testosterone therapy, and baseline HCT between both groups noted. 39% of intervention group exhibited HCT response at 1 or more longitudinal assessments, versus 38% of control. Intervention group had higher mean STOP-Bang than control (mean 5.9 vs. 4.6, p=0.01) and trended towards higher mean baseline AHI (27.4 vs. 19.0, p= 0.06). Time-to-event analysis controlling for STOP-Bang and AHI demonstrated PAP was not associated with time-to-HCT response (HR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.4–4.4). In moderate-severe OSA patients, 40% of intervention group had HCT response compared to 14% of control, though difference was not significant (HR = 2.5, 95% CI = 0.3–20.0). Conclusion Moderate-severe OSA patients trended towards reduction in HCT with PAP, although not statistically significant. Testosterone administration did not affect HCT response to PAP in this cohort. Larger studies are required to determine HCT response to PAP in these patients. Support (if any):

scholarly journals How is Satiety Affected When Consuming Food While Working on A Computer?

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily Ding ◽  
Nazimah Hamid ◽  
Daniel Shepherd ◽  
Kevin Kantono
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Restrained Eating ◽  
Computer Work ◽  
Meal Intake ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

More people working at offices are choosing to eat meals at their desks, making “desktop dining” an increasingly common phenomenon. Previous studies have reported that environmental distractors, such as television viewing, can influence meal intake and subsequent snack intake. However, the impact of stressful mental tasks on eating behavior has received relatively less attention, focusing only on subsequent meal intake or concurrent snack intake. This study sets out to determine whether eating while working influenced current meal energy intake. This research also examined the relationship between dietary restraint status and energy intake. A crossover experimental design was employed requiring participants (14 males and 29 females) to eat pizza quietly and at rest (control), and while working on a computer (work). Measurements included BMI, energy intake, state anxiety, restrained eating behavior, stress levels (pre- and post-eating), and appetite (before and after both work and control sessions). The findings showed that consuming food while working on a computer significantly increased stress but had no influence on energy intake compared to the control condition. However, post-eating hunger levels were significantly higher in the work condition compared to the control condition. As expected, satiety levels decreased significantly from pre- to post-eating for both work and control conditions. In addition, no significant relationship was observed between restrained eating behavior and energy intake in both work and control conditions. These results suggest that eating while working affected satiety of normal weight participants, as indicated by the significant difference in post-meal satiety levels between work and control conditions.

scholarly journals What is the impact of methotrexate on liver in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis? Results of liver SWE performed in a single centre

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vildan Güngörer ◽  
Mehmet Öztürk ◽  
Mustafa Yasir Özlü ◽  
Şükrü Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Long Term Therapy ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Objectives Long-term therapy with low-dose methotrexate (MTX) is widely used in treatment of rheumatic diseases, in children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate liver elasticity in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) who received MTX and compare the results with control group. Methods Liver elasticity was evaluated with shear wave elastography (SWE) technique in 25 patients aged 3–17 years who were followed up with JIA and received MTX and compared with 25 healthy controls of the same age and weight. Factors that had an effect on liver elasticity were examined. Results The mean SWE value of patients was 2.64 ± 2.13 m/s and 24.10 ± 18.50 kPa, whereas 1.83 ± 0.16 m/s and 10.09 ± 1.83 kPa in control group. There was a significant difference in liver elasticity in the patient and control groups. When the patients were evaluated as Group 1 (< 1000 mg) and Group 2 (≥ 1000 mg) according to the cumulative MTX dose, no significant difference was obtained. There was positive correlation between liver elasticity and weekly MTX dose and age. Conclusions Our study revealed that liver elasticity significantly decreased in patients who received MTX when compared with the control group. The elastography technique will be understood better over time and used safely in many areas.

scholarly journals The Impact of Smartboard on Preparatory Year EFL Learners’ Motivation at a Saudi University

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Waqar Ahmad ◽  
Zuraina Ali ◽  
Muhammad Aslam Sipra ◽  
Imtiaz Hassan Taj
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Saudi Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Preparatory Year ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Smartboards, which are now widely used in the teaching and learning process in Saudi Arabia, have turned the traditional environments of the classrooms, especially the EFL classrooms to be more interesting and encouraging. Literature reviews suggest that Saudi students usually lack motivation for studying English as a foreign language. This study tends to investigate the impact of Smartboards on preparatory year EFL learners motivation at a Saudi university. Two intact groups were selected, in which one was termed as experimental and the second as control group. The experimental group was taught using the Smartboard while the control group was taught with the traditional whiteboard, pen and book method. The treatment was given for seven weeks. A questionnaire was administered to both the groups at the beginning and the end of the study. The data was analysed using the SPSS and the results showed that there was significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of motivation.  

scholarly journals The impact of using the strategy of self-questioning in the achievement of students in the fifth grade in mathematics: أثر استخدام استراتيجية التساؤل الذاتي في تحصيل طلاب الصف الخامس الابتدائي في مادة الرياضيات

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Latif Al-Zakri
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Test ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Fifth Grade Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

This study aimed to examine the impact of the use of self-questioning in the understanding of fifth grade students in mathematics material. The researcher used the experimental methodology for independent groups to investigate the impact of the independent variable, which is a self-questioning strategy on the dependent variable, which is understanding. The study sample consisted of 42 students from the fifth grade students from Khubayb bin Udai School in Riyadh; equally divided into two groups of 21 students in each group (experimental and control), and after making sure from groups' equivalence by applying the tools of the study, having been taught the experimental group by using self-questioning strategy, while the control group has been studied the unit by using the traditional method. After the completion of the study of prescribed content study, study tools (achievement test) were applied then. The results indicated to the presence of a statistically significant difference (at the significance level <0. 05) between the mean scores of the two groups' students (experimental and control) in achievement test posttest for the experimental group. Since the results of the study were positive in increasing the achievement, the researcher recommended the need to use self-questioning to raise the level of achievement of learners in mathematics material

scholarly journals The Use of Synthetic Herbivory-Induced Plant Volatiles That Attract Specialist Parasitoid Wasps, Cotesia vestalis, for Controlling the Incidence of Diamondback Moth Larvae in Open Agricultural Fields

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Uefune ◽  
Kinuyo Yoneya ◽  
Masaki Yamamoto ◽  
Junji Takabayashi
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cotesia Vestalis ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Treated Plot

We evaluated the effectiveness of using a blend of volatiles that attract Cotesia vestalis, a specialist parasitoid wasp of diamondback moth (DBM) larvae, to control DBM larvae on cabbage plants under open field conditions. We set three dispensers of the synthetic C. vestalis attractant together with one sugary-food feeder in a cabbage plot (10 m × 1 m; the treated plot) on one side of a pesticide-free open agricultural field (approximately 20 m × 20 m) from June to September in 2010 and July to August in 2011. On the other side of the field, we created a control cabbage plot of the same size in which neither dispensers nor a feeder was set. The incidences of DBM larvae and C. vestalis cocoons in the control and treated plots were compared. In 2010, the incidence of DBM larvae in the treated plot was significantly lower than that in the control plot. Poisson regression analyses in 2010 showed that the rate of increase in the number of C. vestalis cocoons along with an increase in the number of DBM larvae in the treated plot was significantly higher than that in the control plot. In 2011, the incidence in both the treated and control plots remained low (five larvae per plant or less) with no significant difference between the plots. Poisson regression analyses in 2011 showed that the number of C. vestalis cocoons in the treated plot was significantly higher than that in the control plot, irrespective of the number of DBM larvae. This 2-year field study suggested that the dispensers recruited native C. vestalis from the surrounding environment to the treated plot, and the dispensers controlled the number of DBM larvae in 2010 when the density of DBM larvae exceeded the economic injury levels for the cabbage crop. We also compared the incidences of other arthropods in the control and treated plots. The incidences of Pieris rapae larvae and Plusiinae spp. were not affected by the treatments. The number of aphids in the treated and control plots was inconsistent between the 2 years. Based on these 2-year results, the possible use of C. vestalis attractants in open agricultural fields is discussed.

scholarly journals The influence of the dynamics and the level of maturity of the cortical functions as a prerequisite for the development of speech in children

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Maja Davidovic ◽  
Jadranka Otasevic ◽  
Nada Dobrota-Davidovic ◽  
Ivana Petronic ◽  
Dragomir Davidovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Articulation Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cortical Responses ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Waveform Amplitude ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Introduction/Objective. The development of speech is the result of interaction of different systems of the cortex, which gradually acquires the ability of phonological presentation and motor control, in the presence of a series of physical and physiological changes in the morphology of the articulation system. The objective of the study was to examine the impact of laterality and cortical responses on the development of speech in children. Methods. Research is a quasi-experimental design with two groups. The sample covered 60 children from Belgrade, of both sexes, ages 5.5?7 years, divided into two groups, experimental (30) and control (30). We used the following instruments: test for assessing laterality and ascertaining evoked potentials. Results. On the visual lateralization subtest there was a statistically significant difference (?2 = 7.56, p < 0.05) between the observed groups. The visual evoked potentials on all measured parameters gave a statistically significant difference between the groups: waveform cortical responses ? left (?2 = 30.00, df = 1, p < 0.05); cortical responses ? right (?2 = 6.667, df = 1 , p < 0.05); waveform amplitude ? left (?2 = 13.469, df = 1, p < 0.05); amplitude ? right (?2 = 40.00, df = 1, p < 0.05), somatosensory potentials (?2 = 18.261, df = 1, p <0.05); waveform amplitude (?2 = 12.000, df = 1, p < 0.05); waveform latency (?2 = 5.455, df = 1, p < 0.05). Conclusion. Visual laterality, as well as visual and somatosensory cortical responses to stimuli is better in children without the present articulation disorder, which could be used for timely prevention planning.

scholarly journals The impact of online learning on student motivation in science and biology classes

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-87
Author(s):  
Mila Bulić ◽  
Ines Blažević
Keyword(s):  
Student Motivation ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Motivation For Learning ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The research aimed to check for difference in learning motivation between students learning online and students participating in modern classroom instruction. The study participants included students attending grades 5 to 8, divided into experimental (online classes) and control groups based on pre-testing. The results show that there is no statistically significant difference in motivation between the tested sub-samples. Student motivation for learning natural sciences declines with their years of schooling, but this is not statistically significant. It can be concluded that online teaching of Science and Biology as a learning tool can be as motivating as modern teaching using active classroom methods.

Parallel Corpora in EFL Writing Classrooms

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-39
Author(s):  
Noorchaya Yahya ◽  
Hind Alotaibi ◽  
Dina Abdel Salam El-Dakhs
Keyword(s):  
Writing Assignments ◽  
Efl Writing ◽  
Writing Ability ◽  
Parallel Corpora ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Writing Tests ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

This study reveals the impact of using parallel corpora on EFL students' writing, and how students perceive it. Female undergraduates (n=46) in an EFL writing course in Saudi Arabia were divided randomly into experimental and control groups taught by the same instructor, using the same materials. Students in the experimental group were introduced to three parallel corpora and encouraged to use them in their writing. Tests at the beginning of the semester showed no difference in English proficiency or writing ability between groups. Over the semester, students in both groups also wrote 5 writing assignments and took three writing exams. To examine students' perceptions of parallel corpora, students in the experimental group were asked to write a self-evaluation report and answer an evaluation questionnaire. Quantitative and qualitative analysis showed significant improvement in their writing but no significant difference between groups. However, students' perception of parallel corpora was generally positive.

Pollinator Insects and their Impact on Crop Yield of Mustard in Kusma, Parbat, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Narayan Subedi ◽  
Indra Prasad Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pod Length

The diversity of insect pollinators and their impact on crop yield of mustard were studied in Kusma, Parbat, Nepal from December 2018 to April 2019 in four blocks with each having 12 m2 areas. Two plots; treatment and control, were established in each block. Insect diversity was observed from 8 to 16 hrs, with the interval of an hour for three consecutive months (Jan-Feb). Eighty mustard plants were randomly selected, 40 from each plot just before flowering to find the impact of insect pollination on crop yield and these selected plants were examined for various qualitative and quantitative parameters. Altogether 16 species of pollinator insects belonging to five orders and nine families were recorded. Hymenoptera (36 %) was the most abundant order visiting mustard flowers followed by Diptera (34 %), Coleoptera (17 %), Lepidoptera (12 %) and Heteroptera (1 %). The most abundant family was Apidae (35.64 %), followed by Syrphidae (31.84 %). Apis cerana and Eristalis sp. were the most important pollinator insects of mustard. Seven species were found foraging both on pollen and nectar, four species foraging only on nectar and remaining five as casual visitors. The peak foraging activities of majority of the insects were observed between 12 hr to 14 hr. A significant difference was observed in the number of pods (59.80 ± 1.967 and 70.47 ± 2.431), fruit set (70.55 ± 1.362 and 80.94 ± 0.638), number of seeds per pods (16.70 ± 0.248 and 19.30 ± 0.330), diameter of seed (0.133 ± 0.2547 and 0.275 ± 0.0051) and weight of 100 dry seeds (0.33 ± 0.058 and 0.48 ± 0.023) in control and treatment plots whereas, the difference was non-significant in case of pod length between control and treatment plots (P=0.163).

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