scholarly journals Epigenetic Regulation at the Interplay Between Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Miro-Blanch ◽  
Oscar Yanes
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Host Metabolism

Gut microbiome-mediated epigenetic regulation of brain disorder and application of machine learning for multi-omics data analysis

Genome ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Harpreet Kaur ◽  
Yuvraj Singh ◽  
Surjeet Singh ◽  
Raja B. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Omics Data ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Deacetylase Inhibitor ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Host Metabolism

The gut–brain axis (GBA) is a biochemical link that connects the central nervous system (CNS) and enteric nervous system (ENS). Clinical and experimental evidence suggests gut microbiota as a key regulator of the GBA. Microbes living in the gut not only interact locally with intestinal cells and the ENS but have also been found to modulate the CNS through neuroendocrine and metabolic pathways. Studies have also explored the involvement of gut microbiota dysbiosis in depression, anxiety, autism, stroke, and pathophysiology of other neurodegenerative diseases. Recent reports suggest that microbe-derived metabolites can influence host metabolism by acting as epigenetic regulators. Butyrate, an intestinal bacterial metabolite, is a known histone deacetylase inhibitor that has shown to improve learning and memory in animal models. Due to high disease variability amongst the population, a multi-omics approach that utilizes artificial intelligence and machine learning to analyze and integrate omics data is necessary to better understand the role of the GBA in pathogenesis of neurological disorders, to generate predictive models, and to develop precise and personalized therapeutics. This review examines our current understanding of epigenetic regulation of the GBA and proposes a framework to integrate multi-omics data for prediction, prevention, and development of precision health approaches to treat brain disorders.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolism: From Proof of Concept to Therapeutic Intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1302
Author(s):  
Patrice D. Cani ◽  
Emilie Moens de Hase ◽  
Matthias Van Hul
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Science Area ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Host Metabolism

The field of the gut microbiota is still a relatively young science area, yet many studies have already highlighted the translational potential of microbiome research in the context of human health and disease. However, like in many new fields, discoveries are occurring at a fast pace and have provided new hope for the development of novel clinical applications in many different medical conditions, not in the least in metabolic disorders. This rapid progress has left the field vulnerable to premature claims, misconceptions and criticism, both from within and outside the sector. Tackling these issues requires a broad collaborative effort within the research field and is only possible by acknowledging the difficulties and challenges that are faced and that are currently hindering clinical implementation. These issues include: the primarily descriptive nature of evidence, methodological concerns, disagreements in analysis techniques, lack of causality, and a rather limited molecular-based understanding of underlying mechanisms. In this review, we discuss various studies and models that helped identifying the microbiota as an attractive tool or target for developing various translational applications. We also discuss some of the limitations and try to clarify some common misconceptions that are still prevalent in the field.

scholarly journals Exploring the role of gut microbiota in host feeding behavior among breeds in swine

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqing He ◽  
Francesco Tiezzi ◽  
Jeremy Howard ◽  
Yijian Huang ◽  
Kent Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequence Variants ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Large White ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Host Metabolism

Abstract Background The interplay between the gut microbiota and feeding behavior has consequences for host metabolism and health. The present study aimed to explore gut microbiota overall influence on feeding behavior traits and to identify specific microbes associated with the traits in three commercial swine breeds at three growth stages. Feeding behavior measures were obtained from 651 pigs of three breeds (Duroc, Landrace, and Large White) from an average 73 to 163 days of age. Seven feeding behavior traits covered the information of feed intake, feeder occupation time, feeding rate, and the number of visits to the feeder. Rectal swabs were collected from each pig at 73 ± 3, 123 ± 4, and 158 ± 4 days of age. DNA was extracted and subjected to 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Differences in feeding behavior traits among breeds during each period were found. The proportion of phenotypic variances of feeding behavior explained by the gut microbial composition was small to moderate (ranged from 0.09 to 0.31). A total of 21, 10, and 35 amplicon sequence variants were found to be significantly (q-value < 0.05) associated with feeding behavior traits for Duroc, Landrace, and Large White across the three sampling time points. The identified amplicon sequence variants were annotated to five phyla, with Firmicutes being the most abundant. Those amplicon sequence variants were assigned to 28 genera, mainly including Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-004, Dorea, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, and Marvinbryantia. Conclusions This study demonstrated the importance of the gut microbial composition in interacting with the host feeding behavior and identified multiple archaea and bacteria associated with feeding behavior measures in pigs from either Duroc, Landrace, or Large White breeds at three growth stages. Our study provides insight into the interaction between gut microbiota and feeding behavior and highlights the genetic background and age effects in swine microbial studies.

Endocannabinoids — at the crossroads between the gut microbiota and host metabolism

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice D. Cani ◽  
Hubert Plovier ◽  
Matthias Van Hul ◽  
Lucie Geurts ◽  
Nathalie M. Delzenne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Host Metabolism

scholarly journals Bioregional Alterations in Gut Microbiome Contribute to the Plasma Metabolomic Changes in Pigs Fed with Inulin

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weida Wu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Bing Xia ◽  
Shanlong Tang ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Regional Effects ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Host Metabolism

Inulin (INU) is a non-digestible carbohydrate, known for its beneficial properties in metabolic disorders. However, whether and how gut microbiota in its regulation contributes to host metabolism has yet to be investigated. We conduct this study to examine the possible associations between the gut microbiota and circulating gut microbiota–host co-metabolites induced by inulin interventions. Plasma and intestinal site samples were collected from the pigs that have consumed inulin diet for 60 days. High-throughput sequencing was adopted for microbial composition, and the GC-TOF-MS-based metabolomics were used to characterize featured plasma metabolites upon inulin intervention. Integrated multi-omics analyses were carried out to establish microbiota–host interaction. Inulin consumption decreased the total cholesterol (p = 0.04) and glucose (p = 0.03) level in serum. Greater β-diversity was observed in the cecum and colon of inulin-fed versus that of control-fed pigs (p < 0.05). No differences were observed in the ileum. In the cecum, 18 genera were altered by inulin, followed by 17 in the colon and 6 in the ileum. Inulin increased propionate, and isobutyrate concentrations but decreased the ratio of acetate to propionate in the cecum, and increased total short fatty acids, valerate, and isobutyrate concentrations in the colon. Metabolomic analysis reveals that indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) was significantly higher, and the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), L-valine, L-isoleucine, and L-leucine are significantly lower in the inulin groups. Mantel test and integrative analysis revealed associations between plasma metabolites (e.g., IPA, BCAA, L-tryptophan) and inulin-responsive cecal microbial genera. These results indicate that the inulin has regional effects on the intestine microbiome in pigs, with the most pronounced effects occurring in the cecum. Moreover, cecum microbiota plays a pivotal role in the modulation of circulating host metabolites upon inulin intervention

scholarly journals Relationship between gut microbiota and circulating metabolites in population-based cohorts

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Vojinovic ◽  
Djawad Radjabzadeh ◽  
Alexander Kurilshikov ◽  
Najaf Amin ◽  
Cisca Wijmenga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Population Based ◽  
High Density ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Host Metabolism ◽  
The Impact

AbstractGut microbiota has been implicated in major diseases affecting the human population and has also been linked to triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein levels in the circulation. Recent development in metabolomics allows classifying the lipoprotein particles into more details. Here, we examine the impact of gut microbiota on circulating metabolites measured by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance technology in 2309 individuals from the Rotterdam Study and the LifeLines-DEEP cohort. We assess the relationship between gut microbiota and metabolites by linear regression analysis while adjusting for age, sex, body-mass index, technical covariates, medication use, and multiple testing. We report an association of 32 microbial families and genera with very-low-density and high-density subfractions, serum lipid measures, glycolysis-related metabolites, ketone bodies, amino acids, and acute-phase reaction markers. These observations provide insights into the role of microbiota in host metabolism and support the potential of gut microbiota as a target for therapeutic and preventive interventions.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Play an Essential Role in the Antidiabetic Effects of Rhein

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruifeng Wang ◽  
Pu Zang ◽  
Junxiu Chen ◽  
Fei Wu ◽  
Zhouqin Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Host Metabolism ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

It is clear that the gut microbiota can affect host metabolism and alterations of the gut microbiota can link with metabolic disease. Rhein has been used in traditional Chinese medicine with putative antidiabetic effects. Here we show that oral administration of rhein for 6 weeks can significantly reduce fasting blood glucose (FBG) level (8.30 ± 4.52 mmol/l versus 18.89 ± 6.06 mmol/l, p < 0.01), elevate the active glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) level (22.21 ± 2.61 pmol/l verss 14.46 ± 5.22 pmol/l, p < 0.05), and increase the number of L-cells in the terminal ileum. The antidiabetic effect of rhein is abrogated in db/db mice treated with rhein in combination with broad-spectrum antibiotics. We observed that the abundance of the Bacteroidetes is increased in mice treated with rhein (0.361±0.022 versus 0.185 ± 0.055, p < 0.05,). In addition, there is no significant difference in diversity between rhein-treated groups and the controls (Shannon index: p = 0.88; Simpson index: p = 0.86). Taken together, our results indicate that modulation of the gut microbiota may play an essential role in the antidiabetic effects of rhein.

scholarly journals The Prebiotic Inulin Beneficially Alters the Gut Microbiome and Associated Metabolites in an APOE4 Mouse Model (P08-133-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucille Yanckello ◽  
Jared Hoffman ◽  
Ishita Parikh ◽  
Jessie Hoffman ◽  
Stefan Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Apoe4 Allele ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolites ◽  
Host Metabolism ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

Abstract Objectives The APOE4 allele is a genetic risk factor for certain diseases, due in part to alterations in lipid and glucose metabolism. The gut microbiota is also known to impact metabolic and can be beneficially modulated by prebiotics. Prebiotics are fermented into metabolites by the gut microbiota. These metabolites act as gut-brain axis components. However, the interaction of the APOE4 allele, gut microbiota, and prebiotics are unknown. The goal of the study was to use prebiotic diet to restore the gut microbiome of mice with human APOE4 (E4FAD) genes. We hypothesized that the microbial compositions of E4 mice fed inulin, compared to control fed, will correlate to metabolites being produced by the microbiome that confer benefit to host metabolism. Methods At 3 months of age the E4FAD mice were fed for 4 months with either control or inulin diet. We used 16S rRNA sequencing to determine gut microbiota diversity and species variations; non-targeted UPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS analysis was used to determine metabolic profiles of blood. Results The inulin fed mice showed a more beneficial microbial taxa profile than those mice that were control fed. Control mice showed higher levels of dimethylglycine, choline, creatine and the polyamine spermine. Higher levels of spermine, specifically, correlate to higher levels of the Proteobacteria which has been implicated in GI disorders. E4 inulin fed mice showed higher levels of bile acids, short chain fatty acids and metabolites involved in energy, increased levels of tryptophan metabolites and robust increases in sphingomyelins. Specifically in E4 inulin fed mice we saw increases in certain genera of bacteria, all of which have been implicated in being beneficial to the composition of the microbiome and producing one or more of the above mentioned metabolites. Conclusions We believe the disparities of microbial metabolite production between E4 inulin fed mice and E4 control fed mice can be attributed to differences in certain taxa that produce these metabolites, and that higher levels of these taxa are due to the dietary intervention of inulin. Despite the APOE4 allele increasing one's risk for certain diseases, we believe that beneficially modulating the gut microbiota may be one way to enhance host metabolism and decrease disease risk over time. Funding Sources NIH/NIDDK T323048107792, NIH/NIA R01AG054459, NIEHS/NIH P42ES007380. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

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