In vivo Estimation of Breast Cancer Tissue Volume in Subcutaneous Xenotransplantation Mouse Models by Using a High-Sensitivity Fiber-Based Terahertz Scanning Imaging System

Absorption contrast between the terahertz (THz) frequency range of fatty and cancer tissues allows cancer diagnosis by THz imaging. We successfully demonstrated the ability of THz imaging to measure small breast cancer volume in the subcutaneous xenotransplantation mouse models even without external comparison. We estimated the volume detection limitation of the fiber-based THz scanning imaging system using a highly sensitive cryogenic-temperature-operated Schottky diode detector to be smaller than 1 mm3, thus showing the potential application of this technique in preliminary early cancer diagnosis.

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Monte Carlo simulations of an innovative molecular breast imaging system for the small breast cancer diagnosis using GATE

Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids ◽

10.1080/10420150.2019.1683839 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 174 (11-12) ◽

pp. 1008-1019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. E. Poma ◽

F. Garibaldi ◽

F. Giuliani ◽

T. Insero ◽

M. Lucentini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Monte Carlo ◽

Monte Carlo Simulations ◽

Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Breast Imaging ◽

Imaging System ◽

Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Molecular Breast Imaging ◽

Small Breast ◽

Small Breast Cancer

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Performance of a novel protease-activated fluorescent imaging system for intraoperative detection of residual breast cancer during breast conserving surgery

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment ◽

10.1007/s10549-021-06106-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 187 (1) ◽

pp. 145-153

Author(s):

Conor R. Lanahan ◽

Bridget N. Kelly ◽

Michele A. Gadd ◽

Michelle C. Specht ◽

Carson L. Brown ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Real Time ◽

Imaging System ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Menopausal Status ◽

Fluorescent Imaging ◽

Cancer Subtypes ◽

Surgical Workflow ◽

Tumor Types

Abstract Purpose Safe breast cancer lumpectomies require microscopically clear margins. Real-time margin assessment options are limited, and 20–40% of lumpectomies have positive margins requiring re-excision. The LUM Imaging System previously showed excellent sensitivity and specificity for tumor detection during lumpectomy surgery. We explored its impact on surgical workflow and performance across patient and tumor types. Methods We performed IRB-approved, prospective, non-randomized studies in breast cancer lumpectomy procedures. The LUM Imaging System uses LUM015, a protease-activated fluorescent imaging agent that identifies residual tumor in the surgical cavity walls. Fluorescent cavity images were collected in real-time and analyzed using system software. Results Cavity and specimen images were obtained in 55 patients injected with LUM015 at 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg and in 5 patients who did not receive LUM015. All tumor types were distinguished from normal tissue, with mean tumor:normal (T:N) signal ratios of 3.81–5.69. T:N ratios were 4.45 in non-dense and 4.00 in dense breasts (p = 0.59) and 3.52 in premenopausal and 4.59 in postmenopausal women (p = 0.19). Histopathology and tumor receptor testing were not affected by LUM015. Falsely positive readings were more likely when tumor was present < 2 mm from the adjacent specimen margin. LUM015 signal was stable in vivo at least 6.5 h post injection, and ex vivo at least 4 h post excision. Conclusions Intraoperative use of the LUM Imaging System detected all breast cancer subtypes with robust performance independent of menopausal status and breast density. There was no significant impact on histopathology or receptor evaluation.

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ATG9A Is Overexpressed in Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Its In Vitro Extinction Leads to the Inhibition of Pro-Cancer Phenotypes

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells7120248 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 248 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aurore Claude-Taupin ◽

Leïla Fonderflick ◽

Thierry Gauthier ◽

Laura Mansi ◽

Jean-René Pallandre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽

Triple Negative ◽

Cancer Cell Line ◽

Cancer Tissue ◽

The Future ◽

Cancer Phenotypes

Early detection and targeted treatments have led to a significant decrease in mortality linked to breast cancer (BC), however, important issues need to be addressed in the future. One of them will be to find new triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) therapeutic strategies, since none are currently efficiently targeting this subtype of BC. Since numerous studies have reported the possibility of targeting the autophagy pathway to treat or limit cancer progression, we analyzed the expression of six autophagy genes (ATG9A, ATG9B, BECLIN1, LC3B, NIX and P62/SQSTM1) in breast cancer tissue, and compared their expression with healthy adjacent tissue. In our study, we observed an increase in ATG9A mRNA expression in TNBC samples from our breast cancer cohort. We also showed that this increase of the transcript was confirmed at the protein level on paraffin-embedded tissues. To corroborate these in vivo data, we designed shRNA- and CRISPR/Cas9-driven inhibition of ATG9A expression in the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-436, in order to determine its role in the regulation of cancer phenotypes. We found that ATG9A inhibition led to an inhibition of in vitro cancer features, suggesting that ATG9A can be considered as a new marker of TNBC and might be considered in the future as a target to develop new specific TNBC therapies.

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Control of MYC-dependent apoptotic threshold by a co-amplified ubiquitin E3 ligase UBR5

10.1101/515247 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Xi Qiao ◽

Ying Liu ◽

Maria Llamazares Prada ◽

Abhishekh Gupta ◽

Alok Jaiswal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Protein Expression ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Ubiquitin Ligase ◽

Breast Cancer Cells ◽

Human Cancer ◽

Cancer Therapeutics ◽

Cancer Tissue ◽

Basal Type

AbstractMYC protein expression has to be tightly controlled to allow for maximal cell proliferation without inducing apoptosis. Here we discover UBR5 as a novel MYC ubiquitin ligase and demonstrate how it functions as a molecular rheostat to prevent excess accumulation of MYC protein. UBR5 effects on MYC protein stability are independent on N-terminal FBW7 degron of MYC. Endogenous UBR5 inhibition induces MYC protein expression and activates MYC target genes. Moreover, UBR5 governs MYC-dependent phenotypes in vivo in Drosophila. In cancer cells, UBR5-mediated MYC protein suppression diminishes cell killing activity of cancer therapeutics. Further, we demonstrate that UBR5 dominates MYC protein expression at the single-cell level in human basal-type breast cancer tissue. Myc and Ubr5 are co-amplified in MYC-driven human cancer types, and UBR5 controls MYC-mediated apoptotic threshold in co-amplified basal type breast cancer cells. In summary, UBR5 is a novel MYC ubiquitin ligase and an endogenous rheostat for MYC protein expression in vivo. Clinically, expression of UBR5 may be important for protection of breast cancer cells from drug-induced, and MYC-dependent, apoptosis.

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Holographic Microwave Imaging for Breast Cancer Detection Based on Compressive Sensing

Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering ◽

10.1115/imece2017-70063 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Lulu Wang ◽

Hu Peng

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Compressive Sensing ◽

Cancer Detection ◽

Imaging System ◽

Measurement Data ◽

Operation Time ◽

Microwave Imaging ◽

Breast Cancer Detection ◽

Split Bregman ◽

Small Breast

Microwave imaging (MI) has been considered as an alternative way to X-ray mammography for breast cancer detection. This paper presents a compressive sensing based holographic microwave imaging (CS-HMI) approach for diagnosing of breast cancer. A numerical imaging system is developed to validate the proposed CS-HMI approach, which includes a realistic human breast phantom and measurement model. Small breast tumour can be detected in the reconstructed CS-HMI image via Split Bregman (SB) with using 10% measurement data. Simulation and experimental results show that CS-HMI has the ability to produce high quality image by using significantly less measurement data and operation time.

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In Vivo Imaging Mouse Models of Breast Cancer

Molecular Imaging in Oncology ◽

10.3109/9781420019957-23 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 357-375

Author(s):

Kathleen Gabrielson ◽

Teresa Southard ◽

Yi Xu ◽

Frank C. Marini ◽

Brett M. Hall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Mouse Models ◽

In Vivo Imaging

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Preclinical Molecular Imaging for Precision Medicine in Breast Cancer Mouse Models

Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging ◽

10.1155/2019/8946729 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. F. Fiordelisi ◽

L. Auletta ◽

L. Meomartino ◽

L. Basso ◽

G. Fatone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Molecular Imaging ◽

Animal Models ◽

Early Detection ◽

Mouse Models ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Clinical Medicine ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Positron Emission

Precision and personalized medicine is gaining importance in modern clinical medicine, as it aims to improve diagnostic precision and to reduce consequent therapeutic failures. In this regard, prior to use in human trials, animal models can help evaluate novel imaging approaches and therapeutic strategies and can help discover new biomarkers. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide, accounting for 25% of cases of all cancers and is responsible for approximately 500,000 deaths per year. Thus, it is important to identify accurate biomarkers for precise stratification of affected patients and for early detection of responsiveness to the selected therapeutic protocol. This review aims to summarize the latest advancements in preclinical molecular imaging in breast cancer mouse models. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging remains one of the most common preclinical techniques used to evaluate biomarker expression in vivo, whereas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), particularly diffusion-weighted (DW) sequences, has been demonstrated as capable of distinguishing responders from nonresponders for both conventional and innovative chemo- and immune-therapies with high sensitivity and in a noninvasive manner. The ability to customize therapies is desirable, as this will enable early detection of diseases and tailoring of treatments to individual patient profiles. Animal models remain irreplaceable in the effort to understand the molecular mechanisms and patterns of oncologic diseases.

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The Clinical Application of Raman Spectroscopy for Breast Cancer Detection

Journal of Spectroscopy ◽

10.1155/2017/5383948 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Pin Gao ◽

Bing Han ◽

Ye Du ◽

Gang Zhao ◽

Zhigang Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Cellular Level ◽

Clinical Tool ◽

Normal Tissues ◽

Surface Enhanced Raman

Raman spectroscopy has been widely used as an important clinical tool for real-time in vivo cancer diagnosis. Raman information can be obtained from whole organisms and tissues, at the cellular level and at the biomolecular level. The aim of this paper is to review the newest developments of Raman spectroscopy in the field of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Raman spectroscopy can distinguish malignant tissues from noncancerous/normal tissues and can assess tumor margins or sentinel lymph nodes during an operation. At the cellular level, Raman spectra can be used to monitor the intracellular processes occurring in blood circulation. At the biomolecular level, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy techniques may help detect the biomarker on the tumor surface as well as evaluate the efficacy of anticancer drugs. Furthermore, Raman images reveal an inhomogeneous distribution of different compounds, especially proteins, lipids, microcalcifications, and their metabolic products, in cancerous breast tissues. Information about these compounds may further our understanding of the mechanisms of breast cancer.

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Certain Study on Improvement of Bandwidth in 3GHz Microstrip Patch Antenna Designs and Implemented on Monostatic Radar Approach for Breast Cancer Diagnosis in Microwave Imaging System

Journal of Circuits System and Computers ◽

10.1142/s0218126616500067 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 25 (02) ◽

pp. 1650006 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

K. Sakthisudhan ◽

N. Saravana Kumar

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Imaging System ◽

Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Patch Antennas ◽

Human Breast ◽

Test Bed ◽

Microstrip Patch Antennas ◽

Microstrip Patch ◽

Tumor Tissues

A 3[Formula: see text]GHz class of an EF and [Formula: see text] shaped Microstrip Patch Antennas (MPAs) designed, simulated and fabricated has been presented in this paper. These simulated designs with appropriate parameters are implemented on the fabrication prototypes which have been validated with help of Agilent Microwave Analyzer (N99917A). These proposed MPAs and dielectric equivalent human breast model that have been validated using the different dielectric strengths of coupling mediums are presented. These MPAs and dielectric equivalent human breast model have been validated using the existing Debye test bed. The coverage and vector dimension of tumor tissues have been detected using the Monostatic radar approach in the EF and [Formula: see text] shaped MPAs-based existing Debye test bed setups. This paper conclude that Fractional Bandwidth (FBW) of EF shaped MPA is 26.79% greater than [Formula: see text] shaped MPA of 21.67%. Hence, the EF and [Formula: see text] shaped MPAs prototypes are suitable for breast cancer diagnosis systems. The prototypes’ depth, coverage and vector dimensions are presented in this paper.

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