The Effects of 16 Weeks of Exercise Training on Neutrophil Functions in Breast Cancer Survivors

Following therapy, breast cancer survivors (BCS) have an increased risk of infections because of age and cancer dysregulation of inflammation and neutrophil functions. Neutrophil functions may be improved by exercise training, although limited data exist on exercise and neutrophil functions in BCS.Sixteen BCS [mean age: 56 (SD 11) years old] completed 16 weeks of community-based exercise training and a 45-minute acute bout of cycling before (Base) and after (Final) the exercise training program. Exercise training consisted of 3 x 40 – 60 minute mixed mode aerobic exercises, comprising 10 – 30 minutes aerobic and 30 minutes resistance training. At Base and Final, we took BCS blood samples before (PRE), immediately after (POST), and 1 hour after (1Hr) acute exercise to determine neutrophil counts, phenotype, bacterial killing, IL-6, and IL-8 levels. Eleven healthy, age- and physical activity levels-matched women (Control) completed the acute bout of exercise once as a healthy response reference. Resting Responses. BCS and Controls had similar Base PRE absolute neutrophil counts [mean (SD): 3.3 (1.9) v 3.1 (1.2) x 109/L, p=0.801], but BCS had lower bacterial phagocytosis [3991 (1233) v 4881 (417) MFI, p=0.035] and higher oxidative killing [6254 (1434) v 4709 (1220) MFI, p=0.005], lower CD16 [4159 (1785) v 7018 (1240) MFI, p<0.001], lower CXCR2 [4878 (1796) v 6330 (1299) MFI, p=0.032] and higher TLR2 [98 (32) v 72 (17) MFI, p=0.022] expression, while IL-6 [7.4 (5.4) v 4.0 (2.7) pg/mL, p=0.079] levels were marginally higher and IL-8 [6.0 (4.7) v 7.9 (5.0) pg/mL, p=0.316] levels similar. After 16 weeks of training, compared to Controls, BCS Final PRE phagocytosis [4510 (738) v 4881 (417) MFI, p=0.146] and TLR2 expression [114 (92) v 72 (17) MFI, p=0.148] were no longer different. Acute Exercise Responses. As compared to Controls, at Base, BCS phagocytic Pre-Post response was lower [mean difference, % (SD): 12% (26%), p=0.042], CD16 Pre-Post response was lower [12% (21%), p=0.016] while CD16 Pre-1Hr response was higher [13% (25%), p=0.022], TLR2 Pre-Post response was higher [15% (4%) p=0.002], while IL-8 Pre-Post response was higher [99% (48%), p=0.049]. As compared to Controls, following 16 weeks of training BCS phagocytic Pre-Post response [5% (5%), p=0.418], CD16 Pre-1Hr response [7% (7%), p=0.294], TLR2 Pre-Post response [6% (4%), p=0.092], and IL-8 Pre-Post response [1% (9%), p=0.087] were no longer different. Following cancer therapy, BCS may have impaired neutrophil functions in response to an acute bout of exercise that are partially restored by 16 weeks of exercise training. The improved phagocytosis of bacteria in BCS may represent an exercise-induced intrinsic improvement in neutrophil functions consistent with a reduced risk of infectious disease.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03760536.

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MONOCYTE FUNCTION FOLLOWING ACUTE EXERCISE IN BREAST CANCER SURVIVORS BEFORE AND AFTER EXERCISE TRAINING

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000671492.48800.4a ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (7S) ◽

pp. 129-129

Author(s):

Erik D. Hanson ◽

David B. Bartlett ◽

Kaileigh M. Moertl ◽

Jordan T. Lee ◽

Williams S. Evans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

Breast Cancer Survivors ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Monocyte Function ◽

Before And After

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Effect of aerobic and resistance exercise on the mitochondrial peptide MOTS-c in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White breast cancer survivors

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96419-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christina M. Dieli-Conwright ◽

Nathalie Sami ◽

Mary K. Norris ◽

Junxiang Wan ◽

Hiroshi Kumagai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Breast Cancer Survivors ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Care Group ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Hispanic White

AbstractMOTS-c is a mitochondrial derived peptide with exercise mimetic activity that elicits beneficial effects on metabolism and exercise capacity. Furthermore, MOTS-c effects in humans are affected by race, potentially via ethnic-specific mtDNA variations. Women treated for breast cancer are at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity, due to side effects of cancer-treatments. We conducted a secondary analysis of the effects of a 16-week aerobic and resistance exercise intervention on MOTS-c in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White breast cancer survivors (BCS). BCS (Stage I–III) were randomized to exercise or standard care. The intervention promoted aerobic and resistance exercise for 16 weeks. MOTS-c was analyzed in fasting plasma using an in-house ELISA. Within and between group differences were assessed by paired t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. Pearson’s correlation was computed to assess the association between MOTS-c and metabolic biomarkers at baseline and post-exercise. Twenty-five Hispanic-BCS and 24 non-Hispanic White BCS were included. Hispanic BCS were younger, of greater adiposity, had higher stage cancers, and had worse metabolic profiles at baseline compared to non-Hispanic White BCS (p < 0.001). Post-exercise, MOTS-c levels significantly increased when compared to baseline and the usual care group among non-Hispanic White BCS (p < 0.01) but not among Hispanic breast cancer survivors (p > 0.01). Post-exercise levels of MOTS-c among non-Hispanic White BCS were significantly associated with reductions in fat mass, body weight, HOMA-IR, CRP, and an increase in lean mass (p < 0.01). A 16-week aerobic and resistance intervention increased MOTS-c levels among non-Hispanic White BCS. Trial registration: This trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01140282 as of June 9, 2010. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01140282.

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Updated systematic review of exercise studies in breast cancer survivors: attention to the principles of exercise training

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2017-098389 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 53 (8) ◽

pp. 504-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Sarah E Neil-Sztramko ◽

Kerri M Winters-Stone ◽

Kelcey A Bland ◽

Kristin L Campbell

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

Randomised Controlled Trials ◽

Breast Cancer Survivors ◽

Exercise Prescription ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Exercise Interventions ◽

Randomised Controlled

ObjectivesTo update our previous evaluation of the exercise interventions used in randomised controlled trials of breast cancer survivors in relation to (1) the application of the principles of exercise training in the exercise prescription; (2) the reporting of the components of the exercise prescription; and (3) the reporting of adherence of participants to the prescribed interventions.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesThe OVID Medline, Embase, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus electronic databases were searched from January 2010 to January 2017.Eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trials of at least 4 weeks of aerobic and/or resistance exercise in women diagnosed with breast cancer, reporting on physical fitness or body composition outcomes.ResultsSpecificity was appropriately applied by 84%, progression by 29%, overload by 38% and initial values by 67% of newly identified studies. Reversibility was reported by 3% anddiminishing returns by 22% of newly identified studies. No studies reported all components of the exercise prescription in the methods, or adherence to the prescribed intervention in the results. Reporting of reversibility has increased from 2010, but no other improvements in reporting were noted from the previous review.Summary/ConclusionNo studies of exercise in women with breast cancer attended to all principles of exercise training, or reported all components of the exercise prescription in the methods, or adherence to the prescription in the results. Full reporting of the exercise prescribed and completed is essential for study replication in research and translating research findings into the community, and should be prioritised in future trials.

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Promoting Team-Based Exercise Among African American Breast Cancer Survivors

Western Journal of Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/0193945918795313 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (12) ◽

pp. 1885-1902 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Linda B. Piacentine ◽

Karen M. Robinson ◽

Leslie J. Waltke ◽

Judy A. Tjoe ◽

Alexander V. Ng

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

African American ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

Breast Cancer Survivors ◽

Well Being ◽

Walking Program ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Before And After ◽

Mind Set ◽

Poor Outcomes

Physical activity benefits the health and well-being of breast cancer survivors (BCS). Yet, many African American survivors do not routinely exercise and have increased risk of poor outcomes. The purpose of this mixed-method study was to identify motivational factors compelling African American BCS to participate in a 14-week team walking program and to intend to continue exercise after the intervention concluded. Focus groups were held with participants ( n = 12) before and after training. Content analysis discovered themes before the intervention: Not wanting to go at it alone, exercise not a life or treatment priority, cancer treatment affected activity, advocates to exercise, and can exercise really help? Four themes postintervention themes included: In the same boat, changed mind-set, improved weight and activity, and overcoming barriers. Physical data verified improvements. Results suggest that a team-based exercise training program may assist in overcoming a sedentary behavior tendency and subsequently improve health among survivors.

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Diabetes After Hormone Therapy in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Case-Cohort Study

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2017.76.3524 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (20) ◽

pp. 2061-2069 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Rola Hamood ◽

Hatem Hamood ◽

Ilya Merhasin ◽

Lital Keinan-Boker

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

Hormone Therapy ◽

Breast Cancer Survivors ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Diabetes Risk ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Lifestyle Modifications ◽

Increased Risk

Purpose Breast cancer treatments have been associated with an increased risk of multiple health-related adverse outcomes, but the relationship with diabetes remains unclear. This study investigated the association between hormone therapy and diabetes risk in breast cancer survivors. Patients and Methods We performed a case-cohort study of 2,246 female survivors recruited from the Leumit health care fund who were diagnosed with primary nonmetastatic invasive breast cancer in 2002 through 2012. A 20% random subcohort was sampled at baseline, and all diabetes cases were identified. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were estimated by weighted Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results Of 2,246 breast cancer survivors, 324 developed diabetes over a mean follow-up of 5.9 years. The crude cumulative incidence of diabetes that accounted for death as a competing risk was 20.9% (95% CI, 18.3% to 23.7%). In multivariable-adjusted models, hormone therapy was associated with increased diabetes risk (HR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.26 to 4.55; P = .008). The hazard for tamoxifen use (HR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.19 to 4.26; P = .013) was less pronounced than the use of aromatase inhibitors (HR, 4.27, 95% CI, 1.42 to 12.84; P = .010). Conclusion Active hormone therapy is a significant risk factor of diabetes among breast cancer survivors. Although cessation of treatment is not recommended because the survival benefits of hormone therapy outweigh the risks, preventive strategies aimed at lifestyle modifications may minimize the risk.

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