scholarly journals PU.1 Regulates Cathepsin S Expression in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea) Macrophages

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Yang Zhang ◽  
Xinyue Zhuo ◽  
Jie Cheng ◽  
Xiaohong Wang ◽  
Kexin Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Kidney ◽  
Cathepsin S ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Large Yellow Croaker ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Larimichthys Crocea ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Bactericidal Activities

Different morphologies have been detected in teleost macrophages. In this study, two macrophage cell lines were sub-cloned from a large yellow croaker head kidney cell line, LYCK. One type of sub-cloned cells was fusiform but the other was round, named LYC-FM and LYC-RM cells respectively, based on their morphologies. Both types showed the characteristics of macrophages, including expression of macrophage-specific marker genes, possession of phagocytic and bactericidal activities, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). The transcription factor PU.1, crucial for the development of macrophages in mammals, was found to exist in two transcripts, PU.1a and PU.1b, in large yellow croaker, and constitutively expressed in LYC-FM and LYC-RM cells. The expression levels of PU.1a and PU.1b could be upregulated by recombinant large yellow croaker IFN-γ protein (rLcIFN-γ). Further studies showed that both PU.1a and PU.1b increased the expression of cathepsin S (CTSS) by binding to different E26−transformation−specific (Ets) motifs of the CTSS promoter. Additionally, we demonstrated that all three domains of PU.1a and PU.1b were essential for initiating CTSS expression by truncated mutation experiments. Our results therefore provide the first evidence that teleost PU.1 has a role in regulating the expression of CTSS.

Establishment and characterization of two head kidney macrophage cell lines from large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea)

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 103477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Cui ◽  
Qingfei Li ◽  
Dan Xu ◽  
Junzhi Zhang ◽  
Shengnan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Large Yellow Croaker ◽  
Larimichthys Crocea ◽  
Macrophage Cell

scholarly journals Regulation of Free Fatty Acid Receptor 4 on Inflammatory Gene Induced by LPS in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengjiao Wu ◽  
Qingfei Li ◽  
Kangsen Mai ◽  
Qinghui Ai
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Large Yellow Croaker ◽  
Larimichthys Crocea ◽  
Inflammatory Genes ◽  
Acid Receptor ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Receptor ◽  
Fatty Acid Receptor

Free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4) plays a key role in regulating the inflammatory response in mammals. The present study aimed to investigate the function of large yellow croaker FFAR4 on inflammation. In the present study, ffar4 was widely expressed in 10 tissues of large yellow croaker including gill, head kidney and spleen. Further studies showed that treatment of head kidney macrophages with agonists (TUG891 or GSK137647A) or overexpression of ffar4 reduced the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory genes induced by LPS, and increased the expression of pparγ. Treatment of macrophages with antagonist AH7614 increased the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory genes induced by LPS, and decreased the mRNA expression of pparγ. In order to verify the immunomodulatory effect of PPARγ, PPARγ was overexpressed in macrophages which significantly reduced the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory genes il6, il1β, il8, tnfα and cox2. Moreover, results of dual-luciferase assays showed that PPARγ downregulated the transcriptional activity of il6 and il1β promoters. In conclusion, FFAR4 showed anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced inflammation in large yellow croaker.

scholarly journals Localized skin inflammation during cutaneous leishmaniasis drives a chronic, systemic IFN-γ signature

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. e0009321
Author(s):  
Camila Farias Amorim ◽  
Fernanda O. Novais ◽  
Ba T. Nguyen ◽  
Mauricio T. Nascimento ◽  
Jamile Lago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Systemic Spread ◽  
Dominant Feature ◽  
Ifn Γ

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a localized infection controlled by CD4+ T cells that produce IFN-γ within lesions. Phagocytic cells recruited to lesions, such as monocytes, are then exposed to IFN-γ which triggers their ability to kill the intracellular parasites. Consistent with this, transcriptional analysis of patient lesions identified an interferon stimulated gene (ISG) signature. To determine whether localized L. braziliensis infection triggers a systemic immune response that may influence the disease, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on the blood of L. braziliensis-infected patients and healthy controls. Functional enrichment analysis identified an ISG signature as the dominant transcriptional response in the blood of patients. This ISG signature was associated with an increase in monocyte- and macrophage-specific marker genes in the blood and elevated serum levels IFN-γ. A cytotoxicity signature, which is a dominant feature in the lesions, was also observed in the blood and correlated with an increased abundance of cytolytic cells. Thus, two transcriptional signatures present in lesions were found systemically, although with a substantially reduced number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Finally, we found that the number of DEGs and ISGs in leishmaniasis was similar to tuberculosis–another localized infection–but significantly less than observed in malaria. In contrast, the cytolytic signature and increased cytolytic cell abundance was not found in tuberculosis or malaria. Our results indicate that systemic signatures can reflect what is occurring in leishmanial lesions. Furthermore, the presence of an ISG signature in blood monocytes and macrophages suggests a mechanism to limit systemic spread of the parasite, as well as enhance parasite control by pre-activating cells prior to lesion entry.

scholarly journals Induction of Antimicrobial Pathways during Early-Phase Immune Response to Salmonella spp. in Murine Macrophages: Gamma Interferon (IFN-γ) and Upregulation of IFN-γ Receptor Alpha Expression Are Required for NADPH Phagocytic Oxidase gp91-Stimulated Oxidative Burst and Control of Virulent Salmonella spp.

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 4733-4741 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Foster ◽  
S. D. Hulme ◽  
P. A. Barrow
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Receptor Alpha ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT The effect of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) on elevation of reactive oxygen species and the viability of virulent wild-type and avirulent mutants of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and S. enterica serovar Infantis was studied in a murine macrophage cell line (J774.2 cells). S. enterica serovar Typhimurium 14028 phoP and a rough lipopolysaccharide mutant of S. enterica serovar Infantis 1326/28 (φr) (avirulent mutants) induced NADPH phagocytic oxidase gp91 (gp91phox) activity and a significant (P < 0.05) elevation of reactive oxygen species within 12 h without coculture with IFN-γ. This coincided with reduced survival of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium14028 phoP or stasis of S. enterica serovar Infantis φr. Fluorometric studies indicated that expression of IFN-γ on infected J774.2 cells was not significantly (P > 0.05) elevated. However, studies with the virulent S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strains showed that a comparable level of control of bacterial numbers could only be achieved by coculture with IFN-γ. This coincided with significant upregulation of IFN-γ receptor alpha expression on the surface of J774.2 cells and was completely abolished by N-acetyl-l-cysteine captopril (an inhibitor of reactive oxygen species). Delay in reactive oxygen species induction due to a requirement for IFN-γ and upregulation of IFN-γ receptor alpha in macrophages infected with virulent salmonellae may result in greater dissemination of virulent salmonellae in host tissue.

scholarly journals scSorter: assigning cells to known cell types according to marker genes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Guo ◽  
Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Real Data ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Exact Expression ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Reference Dataset ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Cell Type Specific

AbstractOn single-cell RNA-sequencing data, we consider the problem of assigning cells to known cell types, assuming that the identities of cell-type-specific marker genes are given but their exact expression levels are unavailable, that is, without using a reference dataset. Based on an observation that the expected over-expression of marker genes is often absent in a nonnegligible proportion of cells, we develop a method called scSorter. scSorter allows marker genes to express at a low level and borrows information from the expression of non-marker genes. On both simulated and real data, scSorter shows much higher power compared to existing methods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document