Brugia malayi Glycoproteins Detected by the Filariasis Test Strip Antibody AD12.1

BackgroundRapid and accurate prevalence mapping of lymphatic filariasis (LF) is necessary to eliminate this disfiguring and disabling neglected tropical disease. Unfortunately, rapid tests such as the filariasis test strip (FTS) for Wuchereria bancrofti, the causative agent of LF in Africa, can cross-react with antigens circulating in some persons infected by the African eye worm, Loa loa, rendering the test unreliable in eleven co-endemic nations. The intended target of the FTS is a heavily glycosylated W. bancrofti circulating filarial antigen (Wb-CFA). Previously, we determined that the FTS monoclonal antibody, AD12.1, which detects a carbohydrate epitope on Wb-CFA, also detects multiple L. loa proteins in cross-reactive sera from persons with loiasis. Since the carbohydrate epitope recognized by AD12.1 is present on glycoproteins of other parasitic nematodes, including Brugia species, it is unclear why reactive glycoproteins are not detected in infections with other filarial parasites.MethodsTo gain a better understanding of the proteins recognized by the FTS diagnostic antibody, we used proteomics and lectin array technology to characterize filarial glycoproteins that are bound by the AD12.1 antibody using Brugia malayi as a model.ResultsDistinct but overlapping sets of AD12 glycoproteins were identified from somatic and excretory/secretory worm products. One of the identified proteins, Bm18019 was confirmed as a secreted AD12-reactive glycoprotein by in-gel proteomics and immunoassays. Based on lectin binding patterns, Brugia AD12-reactive glycoproteins express glycans including core fucose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine and galactose(β1-3)N-acetylgalactosamine in addition to the epitope recognized by AD12.1. None of the lectins that bound B. malayi AD12 glycoproteins had affinity for the Wb-CFA, highlighting a key difference between it and other AD12 glycoproteins.ConclusionsB. malayi somatic and excretory/secretory proteins are similar to L. loa antigens found in FTS-positive human sera, bolstering the hypothesis that circulating L. loa AD12 antigens result from worm tissue damage or death. The difference in glycan and protein composition between the Wb-CFA and other AD12 glycoproteins can be used to differentiate LF from cross-reactive loiasis.

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FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KETIDAKPATUHAN MINUM OBAT SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN FILARIASIS DI KOTA PEKALONGAN

Jurnal Ilmiah Permas: Jurnal Ilmiah STIKES Kendal ◽

10.32583/pskm.9.1.2019.1-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Harfaina Harfaina ◽

Suharyo Hadisaputro ◽

Djoko Trihadi Lukmono ◽

Mateus Sakundarno

Keyword(s):

Self Efficacy ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Social Stigma ◽

Brugia Malayi ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽

Drug Prevention ◽

Permanent Disability ◽

Social Environmental ◽

Cluster Random Sampling

Filariasis adalah penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh cacing Wuchereria Bancrofti, Brugia Malayi, dan Brugia Timori yang menyebabkan cairan limfe tidak dapat tersalurkan dengan baik sehingga menyebabkan pembengkakan pada tungkai dan lengan. Meskipun tidak ada penyebab kematian tetapi menyebabakan cacat permanen dan stigma sosial. Eliminasi Filariasis dilakukan dengan Program Pengobatan Massal ke seluruh penduduk di daerah endemis setahun sekali selama 5 tahun. Keberhasilan program ini memerlukan kepatuhan minum obat pencegahan filariasis. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ketidakpatuhan minum obat sebagai upaya pencegahan filariasis. Penelitian ini Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah penduduk berusia 15-65 tahun di dua kelurahan endemis yaitu kelurahan kuripan kertoharjo dan kelurahan jenggot selama mei-juli 2018. Sampel dalam penelitian ini 80 kasus dan 80 kontrol dengan teknik cluster random sampling. Variabel yang terbukti berpengaruh yaitu persepsi kerentanan negatif (OR=4,093) 95%CI=1,356-12,350 dan self efficacy negatif (OR=30,298) 95%CI=8,986-102,156. Persepsi kerentanan negatif dan self efficacy negatif merupakan faktor perilaku yang mempengaruhi ketidakpatuhan minum obat pencegahan filariasis. Diharapkan ada penelitian lanjutan tentang ketidakpatuhan minum obat pencegahan filariasis bukan berwujud persepsi tetapi dengan pengukuran faktor lingkungan sosial secara objektif dengan melakukan intervensi berupa perubahan perilaku. Kata kunci : Filariasis, Ketidakpatuhan, Minum Obat, Mix Method FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE DRINKING DRUG PREVENTION NON COMPLIANCE OF FILARIASIS IN PEKALONGAN CITY ABSTRACT Filariasis is an infectious disease caused by worms Wuchereria Bancrofti, Brugia Malayi, and Brugia Timori, adult worm lives and damage reulting in blockage of lymph channels, causing swelling of the legs and arms. Although no cause of death but causes permanent disability and social stigma. Filariasis elimination done with the Mass Treatment Program to the entire population in endemic areas a year for 5 year. Succesfully this program required a medication adherence. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence drug disobedience as an effort to prevent filariasis. This study uses a mix method. The population in this study were residents aged 15-65 years in two endemic villages, namely kuripan kertoharjo and jenggot villages during May-July 2018. Samples in this study were 80 cases and 80 controls with cluster random sampling technique. Variables that proved influential were perceptions of negative vulnerability (OR = 4,093) 95% CI = 1,356-12,350 and negative self efficacy (OR = 30,298) 95% CI = 8,986-102,156. Negative vulnerability perceptions and negative self efficacy are behavioral factors that influence non-compliance with filariasis prevention drugs. It is expected that further research on non-compliance with taking drugs to prevent filariasis is not a form of perception but objective measurement of social environmental factors by intervening in the form of behavior change. Keywords: Filariasis, Noncompliance, Medication, Mix Method

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FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERILAKU MINUM OBAT DALAM PEMBERIAN OBAT PENCEGAHAN MASSAL FILARIASIS DI KABUPATEN BANYUASIN TAHUN 2015

SPIRAKEL ◽

10.22435/spirakel.v12i2.3442 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 60-68

Author(s):

Ritawati Ritawati ◽

Reni Oktarina ◽

Indah Margarethy

Keyword(s):

Brugia Malayi ◽

Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽

Cross Sectional

Filariasis adalah penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, dan Brugia timori, yang menyebabkan cairan getah bening tersumbat dan bengkak pada kaki dan lengan. Eliminasi filariasis dilakukan melalui program pemberian obat pencegahan massal kepada seluruh penduduk di daerah endemis setahun sekali selama lima tahun. Kabupaten Banyuasin telah mengalami penurunan angka prevalensi mikrofilaria. Namun risiko penularan masih terjadi karena kasus baru ditemukan setelah periode ketiga pemberian obat massal (POPM) di lokasi sentinel dengan kepadatan mikrofilaria yang tinggi dalam sampel darah. Keberhasilan program eliminasi filariasis membutuhkan tingkat kepatuhan POPM yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku minum obat dalam pemberian obat massal. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional ini dilaksanakan pada tahun 2015 di Kabupaten Banyuasin. Wawancara menggunakan kuesioner dilakukan kepada 302 responden dengan pengambilan sampel secara acak sistematis. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku penggunaan obat adalah tingkat persepsi efek samping obat, pengetahuan masyarakat, metode distribusi obat, dan penyuluhan. Faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi perilaku pengambilan obat adalah penyuluhan, sehingga perlu dilakukan peningkatan pengetahuan kepada masyarakat dengan penyuluhan bahwa efek samping obat adalah respon tubuh terhadap kematian parasit.

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Identification of a putative expansin gene expressed in the subventral glands of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854111x614674 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 571-577 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Haibo Long ◽

Deliang Peng ◽

Wenkun Huang ◽

Yanke Liu ◽

Huan Peng

Keyword(s):

Cyst Nematode ◽

Developmental Expression ◽

Heterodera Avenae ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Secretory Proteins ◽

Expansin Gene ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Juvenile Stages ◽

Stage Process ◽

Parasitism Genes

Parasitism genes encoding secretory proteins expressed in the pharyngeal glands of plant-parasitic nematodes play important roles in the parasitic process. A new expansin gene (Ha-expb1) expressed in the subventral glands of the sedentary cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae, was cloned. Southern blot analysis suggested that Ha-expb1 is a member of a multigene family. The deduced protein Ha-EXPB1 consists of a signal peptide, a CBM II and an expansin domain, and was significantly similar to expansins and expansin-like proteins from the potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, and the pine wood nematodes, Bursaphelenchus spp. In situ hybridisation showed that Ha-expb1 transcript specifically accumulated in the two subventral gland cells of the second-stage juveniles. Developmental expression confirmed that its transcript abundances were high in the motile juvenile stages and low in the sedentary stage of the nematode, implying a role in the early parasitic-stage process, most likely in aiding migration within the plant.

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Proteomic analysis reveals presence of platelet microparticles in endothelial progenitor cell cultures

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2009-02-205930 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 114 (3) ◽

pp. 723-732 ◽

Cited By ~ 199

Author(s):

Marianna Prokopi ◽

Giordano Pula ◽

Ursula Mayr ◽

Cécile Devue ◽

Joy Gallagher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Lectin Binding ◽

Large Population ◽

Protein Composition ◽

Population Based ◽

Endothelial Progenitor ◽

Cardiovascular Research ◽

Proteomic Approach ◽

Cellular Phenotypes

Abstract The concept of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) has attracted considerable interest in cardiovascular research, but despite a decade of research there are still no specific markers for EPCs and results from clinical trials remain controversial. Using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, we analyzed the protein composition of microparticles (MPs) originating from the cell surface of EPC cultures. Our data revealed that the conventional methods for isolating mononuclear cells lead to a contamination with platelet proteins. Notably, platelets readily disintegrate into platelet MPs. These platelet MPs are taken up by the mononuclear cell population, which acquires “endothelial” characteristics (CD31, von Willebrand factor [VWF], lectin-binding), and angiogenic properties. In a large population-based study (n = 526), platelets emerged as a positive predictor for the number of colony-forming units and early outgrowth EPCs. Our study provides the first evidence that the cell type consistent with current definitions of an EPC phenotype may arise from an uptake of platelet MPs by mononuclear cells resulting in a gross misinterpretation of their cellular progeny. These findings demonstrate the advantage of using an unbiased proteomic approach to assess cellular phenotypes and advise caution in attributing the benefits in clinical trials using unselected bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) to stem cell-mediated repair.

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