scholarly journals Catch and Length Models in the Stock Synthesis Framework: Expanded Application to Data-Moderate Stocks

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merrill B. Rudd ◽  
Jason M. Cope ◽  
Chantel R. Wetzel ◽  
James Hastie
Keyword(s):  
Reference Model ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Benchmark Assessments ◽  
Systematic Data ◽  
Stock Status ◽  
Key Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Abundance Indices ◽  
Simulation Testing ◽  
Length Data

Many fisheries in the world are data-moderate, with data types (e.g., total removals, abundance indices, and biological composition data) of varied quality (e.g., limited time series or representative samples) or available data. Integrated stock assessments are useful tools for data-moderate fisheries as they can include all available information, can be updated due to the availability of more information over time, and can directly test the inclusion and exclusion of specific data types. This study uses the simulation testing and systematic data reduction from the US West Coast benchmark assessments to examine the performance of Stock Synthesis with catch and length (SS-CL) compositions only. The simulation testing of various life histories, recruitment variabilities, and data availability scenarios found that the correctly specified SS-CL can estimate unbiased key population quantities such as stock status with as little as 1 year of length data although 5 years or more may be more reliable. The error in key population quantities is decreased with an increase in years and the sample size of length data. The removal of the length compositions from benchmark assessments often caused large model deviations in the outputs compared to the removal of other data sources, indicating the importance of length data in integrated models. Models with catch and length data, excluding abundance indices and age composition, generally provided informative estimates of the stock status relative to the reference model, with most data scenarios falling within the CIs of the reference model. The results of simulation analysis and systematic data reduction indicated that SS-CL is potentially viable for data-moderate assessments in the USA, thus reducing precautionary buffers on catch limits for many stocks previously assessed in a lower tier using catch-only models. SS-CL could also be applied to many stocks around the world, maximizing the use of data available via the well tested, multifeature benefits of SS.

“Imperialism” in Bureaucracy

1966 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 943-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Holden
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Political ◽  
Systematic Data ◽  
Administrative Organization ◽  
Agency Conflict ◽  
Holding Company ◽  
Internal Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Problems ◽  
The Moment

If an important part of the political scientist's mission is to anticipate and explain “the critical problems that generate turbulence” in that part of the world which attracts his attention, then, in the study of administration, bureaucratic “imperialism” must be of compelling interest. If systematic data directly assembled for the purpose are lacking, and if there are some signal problems of theory which have been little investigated, there is still enough evidence from studies of other political problems that it seems worthwhile to set out some trial-run ideas in the hope that they will elicit further discussion.Bureaucractic imperialism seems pre-eminently a matter of inter-agency conflict in which two or more agencies try to assert permanent control over the same jurisdiction, or in which one agency actually seeks to take over another agency as well as the jurisdiction of that agency. We are thus primarily concerned with the politics of allocation and shall, except incidentally, bypass some other interesting aspects of inter-agency politics such as cooperation between agencies sharing missions, competition for favorable “one-time-only” decisions which do not involve jurisdictional reallocation, or the critical problems of the “holding company” administrative organization and its internal politics. For the moment, our concern with the politics of allocation leads to a focus on what would appear to be the likely behaviors of those decisionmakers who have both inclination and opportunity to look after the institutional well-being of agencies.

scholarly journals PEMBENTUKAN GERAK TARI DILA PANGETO KARYA INDRA JAYA DI KABUPATEN SUMBAWA BARAT NUSA TENGGARA BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Azizah ◽  
Matheus Wasi Bantolo
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Motion Pattern ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Dance Movements ◽  
The World ◽  
Library Studies ◽  
Line Design ◽  
Descriptive Method

AbstractDila Pangeto Dance is a work created by Indra Jaya in 2016. This research will emphasize the choreography which includes Indra Jaya as the creator, the idea of creation about the world and education, the process of creation that there is exploration, improvisation, and composition, as well as the formation of dance motion Dila Pangeto. To discuss the above problems using the foundation of Theory: Choreography using Seymour theory, the form of servings using the theory of Suzanne K. Langer, and formation of motion using the theory of Doris Humphrey. This dance research uses a descriptive method of analytic with qualitative data types through the data collection stage i.e. observation, interviews, library studies, as well as data analysis stage. The results of the study were the choreography Dila Pangeto which discusses the creators, ideas of creation, and the process of creation and the form of dance in which there is a serving structure divided into five parts, and the dance elements of Dila Pangeto include two female dancers, a parallel floor pattern, and zigzag, the stage space that has been provided by the organizing committee, dressing and clothing using West Sumbawa costumes, Dila and shawl properties, West Sumbawa Music and the addition of violin instruments, as well as Motion derived from the motion of West Sumbawa Dance and Gentao or Pencak Silat. The formation of Dila Pangeto Dance uses the motion of West Sumbawa Dance and Gentao. The formation of the dance movements of Dila Pangeto in the movement patterns such as Ngengke ‘, Palangan Telas, Nyempung, Bagerik, plump besai ‘, Bolang sweep ‘, Juluk Betak, Pio Ngibar, remove Pengkenang, Betak Jala, Sempanang, Telnyak ninting, Pusuk nyer, puntal yarn, Nesek , ninting Seleng, ente Dila, swivel dila, Jonyong, Basalunte ‘, Tanak, Ngijik, and Bajempit contains more designs using a unidirectional line design, the dynamics of gentle motion, functional rhythm or rhythm, mechanisms, and emotional The motivation of the life of West Sumbawa. Characters and character in each motion pattern the Dila Pangeto dance has a gentle, polite, and graceful character.Keywords: Dila Pangeto dance, Indra Jaya, choreography, and formation Motion.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Unsupervised Change Detection Methods Applied to Landslide Inventory Mapping Using ASTER Imagery

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Ramos-Bernal ◽  
René Vázquez-Jiménez ◽  
Raúl Romero-Calcerrada ◽  
Patricia Arrogante-Funes ◽  
Carlos Novillo
Keyword(s):  
Change Detection ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

Natural hazards include a wide range of high-impact phenomena that affect socioeconomic and natural systems. Landslides are a natural hazard whose destructive power has caused a significant number of victims and substantial damage around the world. Remote sensing provides many data types and techniques that can be applied to monitor their effects through landslides inventory maps. Three unsupervised change detection methods were applied to the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (Aster)-derived images from an area prone to landslides in the south of Mexico. Linear Regression (LR), Chi-Square Transformation, and Change Vector Analysis were applied to the principal component and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data to obtain the difference image of change. The thresholding was performed on the change histogram using two approaches: the statistical parameters and the secant method. According to previous works, a slope mask was used to classify the pixels as landslide/No-landslide; a cloud mask was used to eliminate false positives; and finally, those landslides less than 450 m2 (two Aster pixels) were discriminated. To assess the landslide detection accuracy, 617 polygons (35,017 pixels) were sampled, classified as real landslide/No-landslide, and defined as ground-truth according to the interpretation of color aerial photo slides to obtain omission/commission errors and Kappa coefficient of agreement. The results showed that the LR using NDVI data performs the best results in landslide detection. Change detection is a suitable technique that can be applied for the landslides mapping and we think that it can be replicated in other parts of the world with results similar to those obtained in the present work.

Information Model Governance for Diverse Disciplines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Hughes ◽  
Daniel J. Crichton
Keyword(s):  
Reference Model ◽  
Configuration Management ◽  
Information Model ◽  
Data Representation ◽  
Planetary Science ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
Data Types ◽  
The Common ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Science Disciplines

<p>The PDS4 Information Model (IM) Version 1.13.0.0 was released for use in December 2019. The ontology-based IM remains true to its foundational principles found in the Open Archive Information System (OAIS) Reference Model (ISO 14721) and the Metadata Registry (MDR) standard (ISO/IEC 11179). The standards generated from the IM have become the de-facto data archiving standards for the international planetary science community and have successfully scaled to meet the requirements of the diverse and evolving planetary science disciplines.</p><p>A key foundational principle is the use of a multi-level governance scheme that partitions the IM into semi-independent dictionaries. The governance scheme first partitions the IM vertically into three levels, the common, discipline, and project/mission levels. The IM is then partitioned horizontally across both discipline and project/mission levels into individual Local Data Dictionaries (LDDs).</p><p>The Common dictionary defines the classes used across the science disciplines such as product, collection, bundle, data formats, data types, and units of measurement. The dictionary resulted from a large collaborative effort involving domain experts across the community. An ontology modeling tool was used to enforce a modeling discipline, for configuration management, to ensure consistency and extensibility, and to enable interoperability. The Common dictionary encompasses the information categories defined in the OAIS RM, specifically data representation, provenance, fixity, identification, reference, and context. Over the last few years, the Common dictionary has remained relatively stable in spite of requirements levied by new missions, instruments, and more complex data types.</p><p>Since the release of the Common dictionary, the creation of a significant number of LDDs has proved the effectiveness of multi-level, steward-based governance. This scheme is allowing the IM to scale to meet the archival and interoperability demands of the evolving disciplines. In fact, an LDD development “cottage industry” has emerged that required improvements to the development processes and configuration management.  An LDD development tool now allows dictionary stewards to quickly produce specialized LDDs that are consistent with the Common dictionary.</p><p>The PDS4 Information Model is a world-class knowledge-base that governs the Planetary Science community's trusted digital repositories. This presentation will provide an overview of the model and additional information about its multi-level governance scheme including the topics of stewardship, configuration management, processes, and oversight.</p>

scholarly journals Future discharge drought across climate regions around the world modelled with a synthetic hydrological modelling approach forced by three General Circulation Models

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 7701-7738 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Wanders ◽  
H. A. J. van Lanen
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Control Period ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Hydrological Drought ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Drought Duration ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
Drought Occurrence

Abstract. Hydrological droughts characteristics (drought in groundwater and streamflow) likely will change in the 21st century as a results of climate change. Magnitude and directionality of these changes and their dependency on climatology and catchment characteristics, however, is largely unknown. In this study a conceptual hydrological model was forced by downscaled and bias-corrected outcome from three General Circulation Models for the A2 emission scenario (GCM forced models), and the WATCH Forcing Data re-analysis dataset(reference model). The threshold level method was applied to investigate drought occurrence, duration and deficit volume. Results for the control period (1971–2000) show that the drought characteristics of each GCM forced model reasonably agree with the reference model for most of the climate types, suggesting that the climate model's results after post-processing produce realistic outcome for global drought analyses. For the near future (2021–2050) and far future (2071–2100) the GCM forced models show a decrease in drought occurrence for all major climates around the world and increase of both average drought duration and deficit volume of the remaining drought events. The largest decrease in hydrological drought occurrence is expected in cold (D-)climates where global warming results in a decreased length of the snow season and an increased precipitation. In the dry B-climates the smallest decrease in drought occurrence is expected to occur, which probably will lead to even more severe water scarcity. However, in the extreme climate regions (desert and polar), the analysis for the control period showed that projections are in these regions most uncertain. On a global scale the increase in hydrological drought duration and severity will lead to a higher impact of drought events, which urges water resources managers to timely anticipate on the increased risk on more severe drought in groundwater and streamflow and to design pro-active measures.

scholarly journals The World at a Crossroads – The Need for Cartography and Cartographers: How cartographers can contribute as data integrators in finding solutions to global problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Timothy Trainor
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Global Solutions ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Systemic Problems ◽  
The Many

Abstract. The world is at a crossroads. The current global pandemic has had an impact on every person, their national and global economies, and their ability to preserve a sustainable environment. To understand the health impacts of such an intrusive consequence requires understanding of the pandemic’s cause, its spread among populations, preventive measures to contain its spread and plans for protecting people from future outbreaks. Each one of these factors requires specific types of data and each data point requires location to make it meaningful. This is complicated because of the extent of the challenges. It is further complicated by the lack of timely data, the required location precision, and concerns over policy issues like privacy. Maps, mapping, and cartographers are needed as part of the formula for finding solutions on each of these factors.The International Cartographic Association (ICA) is positioned to help in providing solutions. The structure of the ICA, through its various programs, is sufficiently flexible to respond to these critical issues in practical ways that yield useful results. As an example, new ICA Working Groups were recently established to focus on sustainability and bolstering national mapping and national geospatial organizations while a longer-term commitment centers on a revised research agenda to meet current and future cartographic and GIScience needs. These examples are in addition to other components of the ICA program including the ICA Commissions, conferences, and publications.As the pandemic is global, local to global solutions are needed. The ICA has been actively engaged with the United Nations through the UN Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management. Three UN initiatives, two of which are geospatial frameworks, call out to the cartographic community for their help. The first is the Sustainable Development Goals that began in 2015 with a 2030 target to focus on a better understanding of national populations, their economies and their environments. Measuring and monitoring progress requires data, processes, systems, leadership, and commitment to be effective. The second effort is the Integrated Geospatial Information Framework, the next rendition of National Spatial Data Infrastructures (NSDI), that focuses on nine Strategic Pathways that are needed to create and maintain a sustainable geospatial program. The third initiative responds to the statistical and geospatial communities working together to create the Global Statistical Geospatial Framework which focuses on the integration of these two linked data types.Cartographers can contribute in two areas. The first calls on their knowledge and expertise in working with different data types. For example, geospatially referenced statistical data oftentimes benefits from basic generalization principles such as combination, simplification, exaggeration and displacement. The absence of a small-area global geography sometimes inhibits the usefulness of statistical information which has become painfully evident during this pandemic. The second area that calls out to cartographers is to use their skills in making as many useful maps as possible. These maps need to show current local conditions, illuminate deficiencies, tell a story, and/or inform strategies and plans for addressing the many challenges we face between the pandemic and the underlying conditions of people, their communities, and circumstances oftentimes outside of their control.The presentation shows examples of some of these points and the ICA’s participation thus far. Opportunities for involvement are left to the imaginations of each of us. What is needed now is for cartographers and the cartographic community to act in ways that help in solving current challenges, informing some of the root causes and systemic problems that need attention while outlining approaches for a path forward in our ever increasingly complex world.

scholarly journals El sistema electoral en Alemania a examen

2020 ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
Yolanda Fernández Vivas
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Legal Reforms ◽  
Allocation Procedure ◽  
The World ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Federal Constitutional ◽  
Seat Allocation

El trabajo que aquí presentamos es un análisis del sistema electoral alemán, que se caracteriza por ser un modelo de referencia en el mundo, al combinar elementos del sistema mayoritario y proporcional y en el que se presta especial atención al procedimiento de elaboración de candidaturas en el seno de los partidos políticos. Además, se analizan las últimas reformas efectuadas en el procedimiento de asignación de escaños y la labor desempeñada por el Tribunal Constitucional federal en la delimitación del sistema.This paper analyzes the German electoral system, which is characterized by being a reference model in the world, combining elements of both majority and proportional systems and in which the candidates` nomination within political parties is especially relevant. In addition, there is an analysis of the latest legal reforms that affected the seat allocation procedure and the influence of the Federal Constitutional Court in the delimitation of the whole system.

Spreadsheets - 90+ million End User Programmers With No Comment Tracking or Version Control

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Durusau ◽  
Sam Hunting
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Business Case ◽  
List Type ◽  
Business Decisions ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Material Defects ◽  
Topic Maps ◽  
The World ◽  
Topic Map

Stephen Gandel's Damn Excel! How the 'most important software application of all time' is ruining the world is NOT an indictment of Excel. It is an indictment of the inability to: link spreadsheets to emails track relationships between cells and between cells and formulas track comments on spreadsheet errors have versioning for cell contents/formulas Without those capabilities, spreadsheets are dangerous to their authors and others. How dangerous you ask? A short list of horror stories would include: 2013, the "London Whale," JPMorgan Chase, lost £250 million; 2013, error in calculation of international Government debt to GDP ratios; 2012, JPMorgan Chase loses $6.2 billion due to a spreadsheet formula error; 2011, MF Global collapses, in part due to the use of spreadsheets to track assets and liabilities; 2010, US Federal Reserve, spreadsheet error on calculation of $4 billion in Consumer Revolving Credit. The EuSpRIG Horror Stories page has a generous sampling of more spreadsheet horror stories. Statistically speaking, F1F9 estimates: 88% of all spreadsheets have errors in them, while 50% of spreadsheets used by large companies have material defects, resulting in loss of time and money, damaged reputations, lost jobs and disrupted careers. If that weren't bad enough, other research indicates that 33% of all bad business decisons are traceable to spreadsheet errors. That's right, 33% of all bad business decisions. That's a business case looking for a solution. Yes? Disclaimer: Topic maps, even a legend based on the Topic Maps Reference Model, ISO/IEC 13250-5 (2015), cannot magically prevent fraud, stupidity or human error. Topic maps can enable the modeling of relationships within spreadsheets, create comment tracking on errors/spreadsheets, even when the comments are in emails, and explore the subject identities and merging practices required for content level versioing of spreadsheets. Our goal is to empower you to detect fraud, stupidity and human error. On the technical side, we will analyze real world spreadsheets, determine subjects to be represented and how to identify them, create a legend that will constrain the representatives of subjects (using ordinary XML tools), create a topic map of an actual spreadsheet and review our results against the known requirements to improve auditing of spreadsheets. The auditing process itself will be shown to be auditable.

scholarly journals Walk the talk, don't eat it: a call for sustainable seafood leadership from marine scientists

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARISSA JOY KLEIN ◽  
RENATA FERRARI
Keyword(s):  
Marine Ecology ◽  
Marine Science ◽  
Seafood Consumption ◽  
Menu Item ◽  
Stock Status ◽  
Sustainable Seafood ◽  
The World

SUMMARYFisheries stocks are rapidly declining around the world. A reduction in the consumption of unsustainable seafood may help curb this decline. Sustainable seafood consumption is not commonplace, even in the marine science and conservation community. The frequency of unsustainable and/or unlabelled seafood at marine science and conservation meetings motivates this enquiry and call for leadership. Information about the species served and where they were caught/farmed was obtained for seven marine ecology and conservation meetings held in Australia, attended by c. 4000 people from around the world. Menu item sustainability was assessed according to the relevant sustainable seafood guide, which considered stock status and impact of fishing/aquaculture method. Seafood was served at all meetings; four meetings served at least one unsustainable species, and only two meetings served a sustainable species. Additional leadership by marine scientists, especially conservationists, is urgently required to turn science into action and ensure that sustainable seafood is available, not only at meetings, but more widely, to achieve a positive conservation outcome.

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