Response of Fish and Invertebrate Larvae to Backreef Sounds at Varying Distances: Implications for Habitat Restoration

Underwater sound is used by many marine larvae to orient to coastal habitats including backreef, sponge-dominated hardbottom habitat in the Florida Keys (FL, United States)—a particularly “noisy” coastal habitat. However, the distance over which acoustic cues are attractive to settlement-stage larvae is generally unknown. We examined this phenomenon in a region of the Florida Keys where mass sponge die-offs have diminished both underwater soundscapes and larval settlement. The absence of pronounced hardbottom-associated sound over such a large area allowed us to experimentally test in situ the response of fish and invertebrate larvae to broadcasted sounds at different distances from their source. We first measured the signal-to-noise ratio of healthy hardbottom habitat soundscapes broadcast from an underwater speaker at seven distances to determine the maximum range of the signal. Based on those results, larval collectors were then deployed at 10, 100, 500, and 1,000 m from speakers broadcasting sounds recorded at either degraded or healthy hardbottom sites for five consecutive nights during each of three new and full moon periods in summer/fall 2019. Larval settlement onto those collectors was affected by lunar phase and soundscape type, but varied among species. In most cases, the effect was small and not likely to be ecologically significant. The absence of a strong larval settlement response to a sound cue lies in contrast to results from other studies. We suspect that the small (<500 m) radius of the broadcasted soundscapes may have limited the magnitude of the larval response to locally available larvae whose abundance may have been low because the experiment was conducted within a large, relatively quiet seascape. If true, it is possible that planktonic larvae may require a series of acoustic “sign-posts,” perhaps in combination with other cues (e.g., chemical), to successfully orient to distant nursery habitats. Although habitat restoration efforts may be able to restore healthy soundscapes, the typically small size and number of restoration sites may limit the range of the acoustic cue and thus larval attraction to restored habitats.

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A large area diamond-based beam tagging hodoscope for ion therapy monitoring

EPJ Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/epjconf/201817009005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 170 ◽

pp. 09005 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M.-L. Gallin-Martel ◽

L. Abbassi ◽

A. Bes ◽

G. Bosson ◽

J. Collot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Detection Efficiency ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Therapy Monitoring ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

X Rays ◽

Reaction Products ◽

Large Area ◽

Position Measurement ◽

Set Up ◽

Good Signal

The MoniDiam project is part of the French national collaboration CLaRyS (Contrôle en Ligne de l’hAdronthérapie par RaYonnements Secondaires) for on-line monitoring of hadron therapy. It relies on the imaging of nuclear reaction products that is related to the ion range. The goal here is to provide large area beam detectors with a high detection efficiency for carbon or proton beams giving time and position measurement at 100 MHz count rates (beam tagging hodoscope). High radiation hardness and intrinsic electronic properties make diamonds reliable and very fast detectors with a good signal to noise ratio. Commercial Chemical Vapor Deposited (CVD) poly-crystalline, heteroepitaxial and monocrystalline diamonds were studied. Their applicability as a particle detector was investigated using α and β radioactive sources, 95 MeV/u carbon ion beams at GANIL and 8.5 keV X-ray photon bunches from ESRF. This facility offers the unique capability of providing a focused (~1 μm) beam in bunches of 100 ps duration, with an almost uniform energy deposition in the irradiated detector volume, therefore mimicking the interaction of single ions. A signal rise time resolution ranging from 20 to 90 ps rms and an energy resolution of 7 to 9% were measured using diamonds with aluminum disk shaped surface metallization. This enabled us to conclude that polycrystalline CVD diamond detectors are good candidates for our beam tagging hodoscope development. Recently, double-side stripped metallized diamonds were tested using the XBIC (X Rays Beam Induced Current) set-up of the ID21 beamline at ESRF which permits us to evaluate the capability of diamond to be used as position sensitive detector. The final detector will consist in a mosaic arrangement of double-side stripped diamond sensors read out by a dedicated fast-integrated electronics of several hundreds of channels.

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Genetic diversity of fringed brome (Bromus ciliatus) as determined by amplified fragment length polymorphism

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b05-112 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 83 (10) ◽

pp. 1322-1328 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Yong-Bi Fu ◽

Bruce E. Coulman ◽

Yasas S.N. Ferdinandez ◽

Jacques Cayouette ◽

Paul M. Peterson

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Length Polymorphism ◽

Fragment Length ◽

Habitat Restoration ◽

Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Germplasm Conservation ◽

Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽

Large Area ◽

Geographic Origins

Fringed brome ( Bromus ciliatus L.) is found in native stands throughout a large area of North America. Little is known about the genetic diversity of this species. The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique was applied to assess the genetic diversity of 16 fringed brome populations sampled in Canada from the provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Quebec, and Saskatchewan. Four AFLP primer pairs were employed to screen 82 samples with four to six samples per population and 83 polymorphic AFLP bands scored for each sample. The frequencies of the scored bands in all assayed samples ranged from 0.01 to 0.99 and averaged 0.53. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that 52.6% of the total AFLP variation resided among the 16 populations and 20.6% among the four provinces. The five Quebec populations appeared to be genetically the most diverse and distinct. The AFLP variability observed was significantly associated with the geographic origins of the fringed brome populations. These findings are useful for sampling fringed brome germplasm from natural populations for germplasm conservation and should facilitate the development of genetically diverse regional cultivars for habitat restoration and revegetation.

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Casitas: a location-dependent ecological trap for juvenile Caribbean spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1093/icesjms/fsv041 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 72 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. i177-i184 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Benjamin C. Gutzler ◽

Mark J. Butler ◽

Donald C. Behringer

Keyword(s):

Florida Keys ◽

Nutritional Condition ◽

Ecological Trap ◽

Habitat Modification ◽

Panulirus Argus ◽

Risk Of Predation ◽

Spiny Lobsters ◽

Nursery Habitats ◽

Animal Size ◽

Fisheries Enhancement

Abstract Casitas are artificial shelters used by fishers to aggregate Caribbean spiny lobsters (Panulirus argus) for ease of capture. However, casitas may function as an ecological trap for juvenile lobsters if they are attracted to casitas and their growth or mortality is poorer compared with natural shelters. We hypothesized that juvenile lobsters may be at particular risk if attracted to casitas because they are less able than larger individuals to defend themselves, and do not forage far from shelter. We compared the nutritional condition, relative mortality, and activity of lobsters of various sizes in casitas and natural shelters in adult and juvenile lobster-dominated habitats in the Florida Keys (United States). We found that the ecological effects of casitas are complex and location-dependent. Lobsters collected from casitas and natural shelters did not differ in nutritional condition. However, juvenile lobsters in casitas experienced higher rates of mortality than did individuals in natural shelters; the mortality of large lobsters did not differ between casitas and natural shelters. Thus, casitas only function as ecological traps when deployed in nursery habitats where juvenile lobsters are lured by conspecifics to casitas where their risk of predation is higher. These results highlight the importance of accounting for animal size and location-dependent effects when considering the consequences of habitat modification for fisheries enhancement.

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Image Acquisition Using Non-Pixeled Amorphous Silicon Based Sensors

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-685-d5.17.1 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 685 ◽

Author(s):

M. Fernandes ◽

Yu. Vygranenko ◽

J. Martins ◽

M. Vieira

Keyword(s):

Amorphous Silicon ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Image Acquisition ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Acquisition Time ◽

Large Area ◽

Signal To Noise ◽

Scanning Beam ◽

Noise Ratio ◽

Silicon Based

AbstractWe suggest to enhance the performance of image acquisition systems based on large area amorphous silicon based sensors by optimizing the readout parameters such as the intensity and cross-section of scanner beam, acquisition time and bias conditions. The main output device characteristics as image responsivity, signal to noise ratio and spatial resolution were analyzed in open circuit, short circuit and photodiode modes. The result show that the highest signal to noise ratio and best dark to bright ratio can be achieved in short circuit mode.It was shown that the sensor resolution is related to the basic device parameters and, in practice, limited by the acquisition time and scanning beam properties. The scanning beam spot size limits the resolution due to the overlapping of dark and illuminated zones leading to a blurring effect on the final image and a consequent degradation in the resolution.

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Differential Recordings of Local Field Potential:A Genuine Tool to Quantify Functional Connectivity

10.1101/270439 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Meyer Gabriel ◽

Caponcy Julien ◽

Paul A. Salin ◽

Comte Jean-Christophe

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Local Field ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Field Potential ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Large Area ◽

Signal To Noise ◽

Cortical Areas ◽

Electrophysiological Method ◽

Local Field Potential Lfp

AbstractLocal field potential (LFP) recording is a very useful electrophysiological method to study brain processes. However, this method is criticized for recording low frequency activity in a large area of extracellular space potentially contaminated by distal activity. Here, we theoretically and experimentally compare ground-referenced (RR) with differential recordings (DR). We analyze electrical activity in the rat cortex with these two methods. Compared with RR, DR reveals the importance of local phasic oscillatory activities and their coherence between cortical areas. Finally, we show that DR provides a more faithful assessment of functional connectivity caused by an increase in the signal to noise ratio, and of the delay in the propagation of information between two cortical structures.

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Coastal Habitat Restoration, Invasive Species and Remote Monitoring Solutions

10.53061/bddz5865 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 160-176

Author(s):

Sophie Walker ◽

Nathan Waltham ◽

Christina Buelow ◽

Jordan Iles

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Remote Monitoring ◽

Habitat Restoration ◽

Coastal Habitat

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High-Sensitivity Large-Area Photodiode Read-Out Using a Divide-and-Conquer Technique

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20216316 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (21) ◽

pp. 6316

Author(s):

Guillermo Royo ◽

Carlos Sánchez-Azqueta ◽

Concepción Aldea ◽

Santiago Celma

Keyword(s):

Traditional Approach ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Divide And Conquer ◽

Transimpedance Amplifier ◽

Large Area ◽

Signal To Noise ◽

Remarkable Improvement ◽

The Core ◽

Novel Technique

In this letter, we present a novel technique to increase the sensitivity of optical read-out with large integrated photodiodes (PD). It consists of manufacturing the PD in several pieces, instead of a single device, and connecting a dedicated transimpedance amplifier (TIA) to each of these pieces. The output signals of the TIAs are combined, achieving a higher signal-to-noise ratio than with the traditional approach. This work shows a remarkable improvement in the sensitivity and transimpedance without the need for additional modifications or compensation techniques. As a result, an increase in sensitivity of 7.9 dBm and transimpedance of 8.7 dBΩ for the same bandwidth is achieved when dividing the photodiode read-out into 16 parallel paths. The proposed divide-and-conquer technique can be applied to any TIA design, and it is also independent of the core amplifier structure and fabrication process, which means it is compatible with every technology allowing the integration of PDs.

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Calcified macroalgae and their bacterial community in relation to larval settlement and metamorphosis of reef-building coral Pocillopora damicornis

FEMS Microbiology Ecology ◽

10.1093/femsec/fiaa215 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 97 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fangfang Yang ◽

Jiahao Mo ◽

Zhangliang Wei ◽

Lijuan Long

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Community ◽

Community Composition ◽

Bacterial Community Composition ◽

Larval Settlement ◽

Pocillopora Damicornis ◽

Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽

Principal Coordinates ◽

Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽

Settlement And Metamorphosis ◽

Invertebrate Larvae

ABSTRACT Calcified macroalgae play an important role in the settlement and metamorphosis of invertebrate larvae in coral reef ecosystems. However, little is known about the algal-associated bacterial communities and their effects on larval settlement. In this study, the responses of larvae of the coral Pocillopora damicornis to calcified algae (Porolithon onkodes, Halimeda cylindracea, Halimeda opuntia and Amphiroa fragilissima) were evaluated. The results revealed that Por. onkodes and H. cylindracea significantly enhanced the rates of settlement and metamorphosis, whereas fewer larvae settled on Am. fragilissima and H. opuntia. Amplicon pyrosequencing of the V3–V4 region of 16S rDNA was applied to investigate the relationship between algal bacterial community and larval settlement. Principal coordinates analysis demonstrated that the bacterial community composition of H. opuntia was more similar to that of Am. fragilissima, but clearly distinct from those of H. cylindracea and Por. onkodes. Furthermore, the relative abundances of bacteria were highly diverse among different algae. H. opuntia had higher percentages of Thalassobius, Pelagibius and SM1A02, whereas the abundances of Mycoplasma and Suttonella were significantly higher in H. cylindracea than other algae. Our results showed that larval settlement/metamorphosis was strongly correlated with the bacterial community composition and with the relative abundance of a few operational taxonomic units.

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Large-Area Thermal Distribution Sensor Based on Multilayer Graphene Ink

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20185188 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (18) ◽

pp. 5188

Author(s):

Tomi Koskinen ◽

Taneli Juntunen ◽

Ilkka Tittonen

Keyword(s):

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Graphene Film ◽

Multilayer Graphene ◽

Wearable Electronics ◽

Large Area ◽

Sensor Applications ◽

Thermal Distribution ◽

Sensing Applications ◽

Detection Of Objects ◽

Distribution Mapping

Emergent applications in wearable electronics require inexpensive sensors suited to scalable manufacturing. This work demonstrates a large-area thermal sensor based on distributed thermocouple architecture and ink-based multilayer graphene film. The proposed device combines the exceptional mechanical properties of multilayer graphene nanocomposite with the reliability and passive sensing performance enabled by thermoelectrics. The Seebeck coefficient of the spray-deposited films revealed an inverse thickness dependence with the largest value of 44.7 μV K−1 at 78 nm, which makes thinner films preferable for sensor applications. Device performance was demonstrated by touch sensing and thermal distribution mapping-based shape detection. Sensor output voltage in the latter application was on the order of 300 μV with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 35, thus enabling accurate detection of objects of different shapes and sizes. The results imply that films based on multilayer graphene ink are highly suitable to thermoelectric sensing applications, while the ink phase enables facile integration into existing fabrication processes.

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A Global Synthesis Reveals Gaps in Coastal Habitat Restoration Research

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10041040 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 1040 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Y. Zhang ◽

William Cioffi ◽

Rebecca Cope ◽

Pedro Daleo ◽

Eleanor Heywood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Marshes ◽

Species Interactions ◽

Habitat Restoration ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Coastal Ecosystems ◽

Marine Conservation ◽

Coastal Habitat ◽

Coastal Restoration ◽

Vote Count ◽

Abiotic And Biotic Factors

Coastal ecosystems have drastically declined in coverage and condition across the globe. To combat these losses, marine conservation has recently employed habitat restoration as a strategy to enhance depleted coastal ecosystems. For restoration to be a successful enterprise, however, it is necessary to identify and address potential knowledge gaps and review whether the field has tracked scientific advances regarding best practices. This enables managers, researchers, and practitioners alike to more readily establish restoration priorities and goals. We synthesized the peer-reviewed, published literature on habitat restoration research in salt marshes, oyster reefs, and seagrasses to address three questions related to restoration efforts: (i) How frequent is cross-sector authorship in coastal restoration research? (ii) What is the geographic distribution of coastal restoration research? and (iii) Are abiotic and biotic factors equally emphasized in the literature, and how does this vary with time? Our vote-count survey indicated that one-third of the journal-published studies listed authors from at least two sectors, and 6% listed authors from all three sectors. Across all habitat types, there was a dearth of studies from Africa, Asia, and South America. Finally, despite many experimental studies demonstrating that species interactions can greatly affect the recovery and persistence of coastal foundation species, only one-fourth of the studies we examined discussed their effects on restoration. Combined, our results reveal gaps and discrepancies in restoration research that should be addressed in order to further propel coastal restoration science.

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