scholarly journals Climate Services Transformed: Decision-Making Practice for the Coast in a Changing Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Lawrence ◽  
Scott Stephens ◽  
Paula Blackett ◽  
Robert G. Bell ◽  
Rebecca Priestley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Lock In ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Climate services play an important role in informing decision makers about how to reduce the impact of climate-related hazards, by building capacity through access to relevant data and information globally and regionally. Different types of climate services include long-term warning systems, projections, monitoring/triggers and signals, risk evaluation tools, and behavior change tools. However, climate services are often promoted as “improving uptake” and “translating and communicating science” This framing, which assumes that climate services are developed by scientists and “provided” to users, has limitations for decision makers designing actions to address changing coastal hazard risk driven by sea-level rise. Acting upon the IPCC 1.5 Degree Special Report imperative for urgent actions to reduce exposure and vulnerability at the coast will require a transformation in the way climate services are developed and delivered, in tandem with an understanding of the decision-making and policy context. Tools and policies must explicitly address deepening uncertainty and changing risk over long timeframes. Their use also must be compatible with the jurisdiction’s institutional frameworks and decision-making practice and relevant to user needs as changing risks unfold. Attention to both short- and long-term decisions are paramount to avoid lock-in and path dependency of decisions taken today, and to ensure relevance for the timeframes of investments in infrastructure and settlements. This requires actionable science and usable tools developed through multi-disciplinary efforts by scientists, co-producing them with decision agencies and communities. We give examples of different types of climate services developed with users and draw out some universal lessons learned in developing and applying them in New Zealand.

The Impact of Information Visualisation on the Quality of Information in Business Decision-Making

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alenka Zabukovec ◽  
Jurij Jaklič
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Value Of Information ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Business Decision ◽  
Information Visualisation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

The visualisation of information for business decision-making is a relatively understudied area despite the promising benefits. Previous research confirms the value of information visualisation. Still, the mechanisms of the impacts on the quality of information are poorly understood. Therefore, the authors examine the impact of the quality and quantity of information visualisation on the quality of the content and access to information among different types of users and for various types of use. The results show the varying importance of the quality and quantity of visualisation for the quality of information and that there are statistically significant differences between groups of decision-makers and decision-making in various situations. Information visualisation adjustments for different user perceptual types and for various business decision-making situations can increase the quality of information and potentially lead to the faster and more accurate receipt and processing of business information.

Moving toward the Deliberate Coproduction of Climate Science Knowledge

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M. Meadow ◽  
Daniel B. Ferguson ◽  
Zack Guido ◽  
Alexandra Horangic ◽  
Gigi Owen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Science Knowledge ◽  
Or Management ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Usable Science

Abstract Coproduction of knowledge is believed to be an effective way to produce usable climate science knowledge through a process of collaboration between scientists and decision makers. While the general principles of coproduction—establishing long-term relationships between scientists and stakeholders, ensuring two-way communication between both groups, and keeping the focus on the production of usable science—are well understood, the mechanisms for achieving those goals have been discussed less. It is proposed here that a more deliberate approach to building the relationships and communication channels between scientists and stakeholders will yield better outcomes. The authors present five approaches to collaborative research that can be used to structure a coproduction process that each suit different types of research or management questions, decision-making contexts, and resources and skills available to contribute to the process of engagement. By using established collaborative research approaches scientists can be more effective in learning from stakeholders, can be more confident when engaging with stakeholders because there are guideposts to follow, and can assess both the process and outcomes of collaborative projects, which will help the whole community of stakeholder-engaged climate-scientists learn about coproduction of knowledge.

scholarly journals The Risk Related to the Influence of Sleep Deprivation on the Reliability of Human on the Example of Pilot

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Marcin Berlik ◽  
Tomasz Ewertowski
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Fatigue Monitoring ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Sleep Deficiency ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The purpose of this publication is to discuss the issues related to the operator sleep deficiency, its effects and the resulting risk. The issue is discussed on the example of a pilot, as a position in which the probability of occurrence of the phenomenon is high, with consequences of its occurrence that can be very severe. Despite the fact, the authors try to present the issues in a universal way enabling reference to a wide spectrum of different types of operators. In the article, concepts such as risk and fatigue are characterized. Furthermore, short and long-term fatigue are discussed, as well as the impact of shift work on human health and reliability. The second part presents methods of fatigue monitoring useful in aviation. The summary emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to the issue of crew fatigue in the management and the need for actions before commencing with work.

scholarly journals Influence of news on rational decision making by financial market investors

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-156
Author(s):  
Shantha Gowri B. ◽  
Vedantam Seetha Ram
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
Efficient Market Hypothesis ◽  
News Item ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Behavioral Theories ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact

The impact of news on individual investor decision is explicit as investors need to update, adapt and forecast returns with constraints of time, uncertainty and resources to be successful. The aim is to understand and review the influence of news on individual investor’s decision making in stock markets and identify the impact of different type of news on individual investor’s decision making in stock markets, assess the behavioral reaction and investment decisions made by investors before and after there is news item, identify the linking effect on behavioral theories and biases, develop a generalized decision making conceptual model to understand the impact of news on investor’s reaction, decision and its linkages along with the behavioral bias. Theoretical basis/methodology for processing of news by investors is assumed to be based on Broadbent’s filter theory (1958) and due to cognitive informational inefficiency of investors it assesses the attention and the investor’s reaction of overreaction and underreaction, which do not comply with efficient market hypothesis theory. The reasons for its noncompliance are found by relating it with behavioral theories. The results explain how investor screens with filters and give attention to news only when it affects their portfolio or investment objective and strategies. It is concluded that investor’s decision making depends on degree of information penetration, information content, information influence, specific internal factors and generic external and on investors prevailing at that given circumstances. This gives us the solution to comprehend the investor’s reaction, decision and unresolved reversals, short- and long-term overreaction.

Quota Women Are Threatening to Men

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klea Faniko ◽  
Till Burckhardt ◽  
Oriane Sarrasin ◽  
Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi ◽  
Siri Øyslebø Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Women In Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Two studies carried out among Albanian public-sector employees examined the impact of different types of affirmative action policies (AAPs) on (counter)stereotypical perceptions of women in decision-making positions. Study 1 (N = 178) revealed that participants – especially women – perceived women in decision-making positions as more masculine (i.e., agentic) than feminine (i.e., communal). Study 2 (N = 239) showed that different types of AA had different effects on the attribution of gender stereotypes to AAP beneficiaries: Women benefiting from a quota policy were perceived as being more communal than agentic, while those benefiting from weak preferential treatment were perceived as being more agentic than communal. Furthermore, we examined how the belief that AAPs threaten men’s access to decision-making positions influenced the attribution of these traits to AAP beneficiaries. The results showed that men who reported high levels of perceived threat, as compared to men who reported low levels of perceived threat, attributed more communal than agentic traits to the beneficiaries of quotas. These findings suggest that AAPs may have created a backlash against its beneficiaries by emphasizing gender-stereotypical or counterstereotypical traits. Thus, the framing of AAPs, for instance, as a matter of enhancing organizational performance, in the process of policy making and implementation, may be a crucial tool to countering potential backlash.

The influence of inflation targeting on the pass-through effect of the exchange rate

2018 ◽  
pp. 70-84
Author(s):  
Ph. S. Kartaev ◽  
Yu. I. Yakimova
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Policy Regime ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Impact

The paper studies the impact of the transition to the inflation targeting regime on the magnitude of the pass-through effect of the exchange rate to prices. We analyze cross-country panel data on developed and developing countries. It is shown that the transition to this regime of monetary policy contributes to a significant reduction in both the short- and long-term pass-through effects. This decline is stronger in developing countries. We identify the main channels that ensure the influence of the monetary policy regime on the pass-through effect, and examine their performance. In addition, we analyze the data of time series for Russia. It was concluded that even there the transition to inflation targeting led to a decrease in the dependence of the level of inflation on fluctuations in the ruble exchange rate.

SHORT AND LONG-TERM RECOVERY IN BURNED WATERSHEDS AND THE IMPACT ON STREAMFLOW DYNAMICS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri S. Hogue ◽  
◽  
Samuel Saxe ◽  
Ryan Logan ◽  
Kyle Knipper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact

The impact of neurosurgical technique on the short- and long-term outcomes of adult patients with Chiari I malformation

2021 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 106380
Author(s):  
Pasquale Gallo ◽  
Phillip Correia Copley ◽  
Shannon McAllister ◽  
Chandrasekaran Kaliaperumal
Keyword(s):  
Chiari I Malformation ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Chiari I ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Neurosurgical Technique ◽  
The Impact

Evaluating and Motivating Activation in Long Term Care: Lessons From a Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
J. Jbilou ◽  
A. El Bouazaoui ◽  
B. Zhang ◽  
J.L. Henry ◽  
L McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Technological Intervention ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Recommendations

Older adults living in long-term care facilities typically receive insufficient exercise and have long periods of the day when they are not doing anything other than sitting or lying down, watching television, or ruminating (Wilkinson et al., 2017). We developed an intervention called the Experiential Centivizer, which provides residents with opportunities to use a driving simulator, watch world travel videos, and engage in exercise. We assessed the impact of the intervention on residents of a long-term care home in Fredericton, NB, Canada. In this paper, we report on the results observed and highlight the lessons learned from implementing a technological intervention within a long-term care setting. Practical and research recommendations are also discussed to facilitate future intervention implementation in long-term care.

scholarly journals Paleolithic Diet—Effect on the Health Status and Performance of Athletes?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019
Author(s):  
Barbara Frączek ◽  
Aleksandra Pięta ◽  
Adrian Burda ◽  
Paulina Mazur-Kurach ◽  
Florentyna Tyrała
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Paleolithic Diet ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this meta-analysis was to review the impact of a Paleolithic diet (PD) on selected health indicators (body composition, lipid profile, blood pressure, and carbohydrate metabolism) in the short and long term of nutrition intervention in healthy and unhealthy adults. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of 21 full-text original human studies was conducted. Both the PD and a variety of healthy diets (control diets (CDs)) caused reduction in anthropometric parameters, both in the short and long term. For many indicators, such as weight (body mass (BM)), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC), impact was stronger and especially found in the short term. All diets caused a decrease in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), albeit the impact of PD was stronger. Among long-term studies, only PD cased a decline in TC and LDL-C. Impact on blood pressure was observed mainly in the short term. PD caused a decrease in fasting plasma (fP) glucose, fP insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the short run, contrary to CD. In the long term, only PD caused a decrease in fP glucose and fP insulin. Lower positive impact of PD on performance was observed in the group without exercise. Positive effects of the PD on health and the lack of experiments among professional athletes require longer-term interventions to determine the effect of the Paleo diet on athletic performance.

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