scholarly journals Differences in Carbon Acquisition Could Explain Adaptive Responses in a Baltic Sea Pico-Phytoplankton

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Listmann ◽  
Franziska Kerl ◽  
Nele Martens ◽  
C-Elisa Schaum
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Bornholm Basin ◽  
North East

Pico-phytoplankton have ample scope to react to environmental change. Nevertheless, we know little about the underlying physiological mechanisms that govern how evolutionary history may affect short-term responses to environmental change. We investigated growth rates and carbon uptake related traits at 15° and 22°C and at different times during the microbial growth curve (lag phase, mid and late exponential) of eight novel strains of Ostreococcus sp. (ca. 1 μm). The strains were isolated from two distinct regions of the Baltic Sea differing in salinity and temperature as well as variability therein from North-East (Bornholm Basin) to South-West (Kiel area). Strains from Kiel area had ca. 10% higher growth rates on average and showed more variation between strains compared to strains from the Bornholm Basin. While biomass increased throughout the experiment in both temperature, CUE (carbon use efficiency, indicative of photosynthetically derived carbon available for growth) was too low to explain positive growth throughout the entire growth curve at 15°C and during the early stages at 22°C. Throughout the growth curve CUE then increased enough to sustain growth, but only at 22°C. Consequently, we then tested whether Ostreococcus use organic carbon to supplement growth when light is not a limiting factor. We show that Ostreococcus qualitatively modulate their potential to grow on organic carbon sources throughout a single growth curve. Based on the differences between CUE and a potential to grow on organic carbon, we postulate a shift in carbon acquisition between inorganic and organic sources in Ostreococcus sp. with potential implications on ecological dynamics within microbial communities.

scholarly journals Carbon acquisition in a Baltic pico-phytoplankton species - Where does the carbon for growth come from?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Listmann ◽  
Franziska Kerl ◽  
Nele Martens ◽  
C-Elisa Schaum
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
List Type ◽  
Bornholm Basin ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
North East

Summary- Pico-phytoplankton have ample scope to react to environmental change. But we know little about the underlying physiological mechanisms that govern how evolutionary history may affect short-term responses to environmental change.- We investigated growth rates and carbon uptake related traits (i.e. fitness proxies) in different temperatures and at different times during the microbial growth curve of eight novel strains of Ostreococcus sp. (ca. 1-2µm). The strains were isolated from two distinct regions of the Baltic Sea differing in salinity and temperature from North-East (Bornholm Basin) to South-West (Kiel area).- Strains from the warmer, more variable Kiel area had higher growth rates in general and showed more variable growth rates compared to strains from the colder and less variable Bornholm Basin.- In addition, growth was maintained in early stages of the growth curve by organic carbon acquisition and the increase in growth over time and with temperature was associated with an increase in inorganic carbon acquisition (net primary productivity).- Based on the differences between net primary productivity and potential growth on organic carbon, we postulate a shift in carbon acquisition between inorganic and organic sources in Ostreococcus sp. with potential implications on ecological dynamics within microbial communities.

Effects of AOC and Phosphorus on Bacterial Growth under Oligotrophic Condition (1)

2011 ◽  
Vol 138-139 ◽  
pp. 981-987
Author(s):  
Deng Ling Jiang ◽  
Guo Wei Ni ◽  
Yu Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Bacterial Number ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Oligotrophic Condition

The effects of phosphorus and organic carbon on bacterial growth were investigated in the laboratory. The bacteria sampled from the drinking water network of Tianjin were inoculated into water samples with different content of phosphorus (0～15µg PO43--P/L) and assimilable organic carbon (10～200µgAOC/L). The inoculated water samples were incubated at 20°C. Bacterial growth was monitored in every 2 days in the beginning of cultivation and in every 4 days or more in the later of the cultivation. Results showed that Phosphorus had obvious promotion on bacterial growth, which included shortening the lag phase evidently, increasing the growth rate and the maximum cell count in stationary phase. Carbon can only increase bacterial number. Under oligotrophic condition，when ratio of AOC: P in nutrients of water was more than 100:5, phosphorus was the limiting factor of bacterial growth. The bacterial yield factors against phosphorus and AOC were 1.1×109CFU/µgP and 9.0×107CFU/µgAOC respectively. Phosphorus was more sensitive than AOC. When the phosphorus concentration was less than 0.7µg/L in water samples, it was very difficult for bacteria to obtain phosphorus, and then growth of bacteria was very slowly or in lag phase in the first nine days of incubation time. In drinking water with low concentration of phosphorus (<0.7µg/L) and disinfectants, bacterial regrowth may be controlled. The paper will be Narrated in two parts, “Effects of AOC and Phosphorus on Bacterial Growth under Oligotrophic Condition (1)” and “Effects of AOC and Phosphorus on Bacterial Growth under Oligotrophic Condition (2)”.

scholarly journals Significant organic carbon acquisition by Prochlorococcus in the oceans

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Wu ◽  
Dikla Aharonovich ◽  
Dalit Roth-Rosenberg ◽  
Osnat Weissberg ◽  
Tal Luzzatto-Knaan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Ecological Success

Marine phytoplankton are responsible for about half of the photosynthesis on Earth. Many are mixotrophs, combining photosynthesis with heterotrophic assimilation of organic carbon but the relative contribution of these two carbon sources is not well quantified. Here, single-cell measurements reveal that Prochlorococcus at the base of the photic zone in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea are obtaining only ~20% of carbon required for growth by photosynthesis. Consistently, laboratory-calibrated evaluations of Prochlorococcus photosynthesis indicate that carbon fixation is systematically too low to support published in situ growth rates in the deep photic layer of the Pacific Ocean. Furthermore, agent-based model simulations show that mixotrophic cells maintain realistic growth rates and populations 10s of meters deeper than obligate photo-autotrophs, deepening the nutricline and Deep Chlorophyll Maximum by ~20 m. Time-series of Prochlorococcus ecotype-abundance from the subtropical North Atlantic and North Pacific suggest that up to 30% of the Prochlorococcus cells live where light intensity is not enough to sustain obligate photo-autotrophic populations during warm, stratified periods. Together, these data and models suggest that mixotrophy underpins the ecological success of a large fraction of the global Prochlorococcus population and its collective genetic diversity.

Effects of AOC and Phosphorus on Bacterial Growth under Oligotrophic Condition (2)

2011 ◽  
Vol 138-139 ◽  
pp. 988-994
Author(s):  
Deng Ling Jiang ◽  
Yu Min Zhang ◽  
Guo Wei Ni
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Bacterial Number ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Oligotrophic Condition

The effects of phosphorus and organic carbon on bacterial growth were investigated in the laboratory. The bacteria sampled from the drinking water network of Tianjin were inoculated into water samples with different content of phosphorus (0～15µg PO43--P/L) and assimilable organic carbon (10～200µgAOC/L). The inoculated water samples were incubated at 20°C. Bacterial growth was monitored in every 2 days in the beginning of cultivation and in every 4 days or more in the later of the cultivation. Results showed that Phosphorus had obvious promotion on bacterial growth, which included shortening the lag phase evidently, increasing the growth rate and the maximum cell count in stationary phase. Carbon can only increase bacterial number. Under oligotrophic condition，when ratio of AOC: P in nutrients of water was more than 100:5, phosphorus was the limiting factor of bacterial growth. The bacterial yield factors against phosphorus and AOC were 1.1×109CFU/µgP and 9.0×107CFU/µgAOC respectively. Phosphorus was more sensitive than AOC. When the phosphorus concentration was less than 0.7µg/L in water samples, it was very difficult for bacteria to obtain phosphorus, and then growth of bacteria was very slowly or in lag phase in the first nine days of incubation time. In drinking water with low concentration of phosphorus (<0.7µg/L) and disinfectants, bacterial regrowth may be controlled. The paper will be Narrated in two parts, “Effects of AOC and Phosphorus on Bacterial Growth under Oligotrophic Condition (1)” and “Effects of AOC and Phosphorus on Bacterial Growth under Oligotrophic Condition (2)”.

Assimilation of various organic carbon sources by Haematococcus strains

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-237
Author(s):  
M. Zych ◽  
A. Stolarczyk ◽  
K. Maca ◽  
A. Banaś ◽  
K. Termińska-Pabis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Mixotrophic Growth ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Organic Carbon Sources ◽  
Secondary Carotenoids ◽  
Colour Changes

Differences in the assimilation of individual organic compounds (5 mM sugars and L-asparagine) under mixotrophic growth conditions were described for three naturally occurring Haematococcus strains.The effects of assimilation were measured by the growth intensity and size of algal cells, and the effect of colour changes in the cultures was observed. Some compounds caused the cell colouration to change from green to yellow, being the result of chlorophyll disappearance and the accumulation of yellow secondary carotenoids. In the present experiment none of the cultures turned red, thus excluding the intense accumulation of the commercially interesting carotenoid, astaxanthin.

The vulnerability of Arctic shelf sediments to climate change

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robie W. Macdonald ◽  
Zou Zou A. Kuzyk ◽  
Sophia C. Johannessen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Sedimentary Environments ◽  
Carbon Supply ◽  
Shelf Sediment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metabolic Conditions ◽  
Shelf Sediments ◽  
Ocean Ecosystem

The sediments of the pan-Arctic shelves contribute an important component to the Arctic Ocean ecosystem by providing a habitat for biota (benthos), a repository for organic and inorganic non-conservative substances entering or produced within the ocean, a reactor and source of transformed substances back to the water column, and a mechanism of burial. Sediments interact with ice, ocean, and the surrounding land over a wide range of space and time scales. We discuss the vulnerability of shelf sediment to changes in (i) organic carbon sources, (ii) pathways of sediment and organic carbon supply, and (iii) physical and biogeochemical alteration (diagenesis). Sedimentary environments of the shelves and basins are likely to exhibit a wide variance in their response to global change because of their wide variation in sediment sources, processes, and metabolic conditions. In particular, the Chukchi and Barents shelves are dominated by inflowing waters from oceans to the south, whereas the interior shelves are more closely tied to terrigenous sources due to river inflow and coastal erosion.

scholarly journals Ecology of mysid shrimps in the Bornholm Basin (central Baltic Sea)

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Barz ◽  
Hans-Jürgen Hirche
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Bornholm Basin

Mechanisms of Impairment of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Intact Leaves by Ozone

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 824-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Gerhard Reichenauer ◽  
Harald Romuald Bolhàr-Nordenkampf
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Calvin Cycle ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Negative Consequences

Tropospheric ozone has been recognised as a limiting factor for plant growth since late fifties of our century. The decrease in the rate of light saturated net photosynthesis (Asat) was shown to be the major effect of ozone in leaves with negative consequences for plant growth and the development of plant communities. The reasons for the ozone-induced decrease in Asat are still under investigation. Possible mechanisms are an increasing stomatal limitation, an increase in mesophyll limitation including a reduction of the CO2 fixation in the Calvin cycle and an impairment of the photochemical reactions in the grana membranes of chloroplasts. We conclude from the reviewed literature and from our own experiments that a decrease in carboxylation efficiency (CE) seems to be an early event caused by ozone leading to a decrease in Asat. The loss in current photochemical capacity (Fv/Fm) appears with a lag phase of many days and therefore the loss is thought to be a secondary effect due to a decreased demand of ‘assimilatory power’

scholarly journals Three representative UK moorland soils show differences in decadal release of dissolved organic carbon in response to environmental change

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 3661-3675 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Stutter ◽  
D. G. Lumsdon ◽  
A. P. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Doc Concentration ◽  
Mineral Soils

Abstract. Moorland carbon reserves in organo-mineral soils may be crucial to predicting landscape-scale variability in soil carbon losses, an important component of which is dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Surface water DOC trends are subject to a range of scaling, transport and biotic processes that disconnect them from signals in the catchment's soils. Long-term soil datasets are vital to identify changes in DOC release at source and soil C depletion. Here we show, that moorland soil solution DOC concentrations at three key UK Environmental Change Network sites increased between 1993–2007 in both surface- and sub- soil of a freely-draining Podzol (48 % and 215 % increases in O and Bs horizons, respectively), declined in a gleyed Podzol and showed no change in a Peat. Our principal findings were that: (1) considerable heterogeneity in DOC response appears to exist between different soils that is not apparent from the more consistent observed trends for streamwaters, and (2) freely-draining organo-mineral Podzol showed increasing DOC concentrations, countering the current scientific focus on soil C destabilization in peats. We discuss how the key solubility controls on DOC associated with coupled physico-chemical factors of ionic strength, acid deposition recovery, soil hydrology and temperature cannot readily be separated. Yet, despite evidence that all sites are recovering from acidification the soil-specific responses to environmental change have caused divergence in soil DOC concentration trends. The study shows that the properties of soils govern their specific response to an approximately common set of broad environmental drivers. Key soil properties are indicated to be drainage, sulphate and DOC sorption capacity. Soil properties need representation in process-models to understand and predict the role of soils in catchment to global C budgets. Catchment hydrological (i.e. transport) controls may, at present, be governing the more ubiquitous rises in river DOC concentration trends, but soil (i.e. source) controls provide the key to prediction of future C loss to waters and the atmosphere.

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