Distribution of Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in Sediment From Industrialized Coastal Waters of Korea With the Optimized Cleanup and GC-MS/MS Methods

Limited studies have been conducted on polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in the coastal environment worldwide. In this study, analytical methods were optimized for 18 PCN congeners in sediment using a multi-layer silica gel column and a gas chromatograph coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The optimized analytical methods of PCNs were employed for sediment samples from heavily industrialized bays of Korea to assess the occurrence, contamination, potential sources, and ecotoxicological concerns. PCNs were detected in all sediment samples, indicating ubiquitous contamination in industrialized coastal regions of Korea. Total concentrations and toxic equivalents (TEQs) of PCNs ranged from 0.99 to 21,500 (mean: 568) pg/g dry weight and from 1.72 × 10–5 to 18.8 (mean: 0.52) pg TEQ/g dry weight, respectively, which were within the ranges reported by other studies. A clear decreasing gradient was observed for the sedimentary PCNs from inner to outer parts of the bays, streams, and rivers. This result indicates that industrial activities are primary sources of PCNs. The highest PCN concentrations were observed in sediment close to non-ferrous and petrochemical industries, indicating potential sources. CNs 73 and 52 were predominant congeners of PCNs in all sediment samples. Diagnostic ratios and non-parametric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that the potential primary sources of PCNs are thermal-related emissions and the use of PCB technical mixtures. Although a few sediment samples exceeded the sediment quality guidelines of TEQs, the cumulative risks by dioxin-like contaminants may be caused for almost all coastal zones surveyed. This is the first report on PCNs in sediment from Korean coastal waters.

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CONCENTRATION OF Hg, Cd, Cu, Pb AND Zn IN SEDIMENT OF GRESIK WATERS

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.29244/jitkt.v5i1.7764 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lestari Lestari ◽

Fitri Budiyanto

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Coastal Waters ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Sediment Quality ◽

The Other ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Sediment Samples ◽

Water And Sediment ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Water And Sediment Samples

Gresik coastal waters is one of the areas that have a potential risk for environmental damage due to anthropogenic activities. Water and sediment samples were collected to determin metals concentration and to identify sediment quality in February 2012. Twelve samples were collected for analysis of mercury (Hg) and four other metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn). Mercury was analyzed using USEPA method 7471B with Flameless-AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) varian type SpectarAA VGA 20-76 and the other metals were analyzed using USEPA 30050B with Flame-AAS. Results showed that ranges and average concentrations of Hg were 0.04-0.33 (0.13) mg/kg, Cd 0.08-3.05 (0.64) mg/kg, Cu 23.7-234.0 (85.5) mg/kg, Pb 1.74-12.7 (4.29) mg/kg, and Zn 77.0-405.0 (133.0) mg/kg. Metals with high concentrations were detected in some places and by SQG-Q, surface sediment showed a moderate impact level of biological adverse effects in aquatic sediments. Keywords: mercury, heavy metal, sediment, Gresik.

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CONCENTRATION OF Hg, Cd, Cu, Pb AND Zn IN SEDIMENT OF GRESIK WATERS

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.28930/jitkt.v5i1.7764 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lestari Lestari ◽

Fitri Budiyanto

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Coastal Waters ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Sediment Quality ◽

The Other ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Sediment Samples ◽

Water And Sediment ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Water And Sediment Samples

<p>Gresik coastal waters is one of the areas that have a potential risk for environmental damage due to anthropogenic activities. Water and sediment samples were collected to determin metals concentration and to identify sediment quality in February 2012. Twelve samples were collected for analysis of mercury (Hg) and four other metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn). Mercury was analyzed using USEPA method 7471B with Flameless-AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) varian type SpectarAA VGA 20-76 and the other metals were analyzed using USEPA 30050B with Flame-AAS. Results showed that ranges and average concentrations of Hg were 0.04-0.33 (0.13) mg/kg, Cd 0.08-3.05 (0.64) mg/kg, Cu 23.7-234.0 (85.5) mg/kg, Pb 1.74-12.7 (4.29) mg/kg, and Zn 77.0-405.0 (133.0) mg/kg. Metals with high concentrations were detected in some places and by SQG-Q, surface sediment showed a moderate impact level of biological adverse effects in aquatic sediments.</p> <p>Keywords: mercury, heavy metal, sediment, Gresik.</p>

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Distribution and characteristic of PAHs in sediments from the southwest Caspian Sea, Guilan Province, Iran

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2015.091 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 71 (11) ◽

pp. 1587-1596 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Mohammad Nemati Varnosfaderany ◽

Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari ◽

Zhaoyan Gu ◽

Guoqiang Chu

Keyword(s):

Caspian Sea ◽

Sediment Quality ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Matter Content ◽

Diagnostic Ratios ◽

Particle Size Fractions ◽

Quality Guidelines ◽

Pyrogenic Source ◽

Guilan Province

Contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the southwest Caspian Sea was assessed by examination of 45 sediment samples, collected from the coasts of the Guilan Province in 2012 and analyzed for 29 PAHs. The concentrations of PAHs were in the range of 232.1–1,014 ng g−1 dry weight (mean 520 ± 246.4 ng g−1). The predominance of alkyl-substituted naphthalenes and phenanthrenes and the higher contributions of petrogenic compounds (NPD = 35.4–74.4%) compared to pyrogenic PAH compounds (COM = 18.1–47.4%) reveal a petrogenic source for PAHs with ubiquitous distribution in the study area. Offshore increase of total PAH concentrations was found to be correlated with increase of organic matter content of sediments, but no correlations with particle size fractions were found. The evaluation of ecotoxicological risk by sediment quality guidelines indicated that total PAH concentrations at all sites were below the effects range-low (ERL), but some individual petrogenic PAHs at some stations were significantly above their ERL and likely to adversely affect benthic biota. According to the diagnostic ratios used, most stations revealed the major source of the PAHs to be petrogenic, but some stations suggested a mixed petrogenic-pyrogenic source.

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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Sediments of the Brisbane River (Australia) – Preliminary Results

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1989.0044 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 161-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. I. Kayal ◽

D. W. Connell

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

River Estuary ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Weight Basis ◽

Sediment Samples ◽

Preliminary Results ◽

Treated Sewage ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Petroleum Refineries

Results of the analysis of twenty-three composite sediment samples revealed that PAHs are widely distributed in the Brisbane River estuary. Mean concentrations for individual compounds, on a dry weight basis, ranged from 0.03 µg/g for dibenz [ah] anthracene to 2.34 µg/g for fluoranthene. Observed PAH assemblages were rich in compounds having pyrolytic origins. However, the presence of petroleum derived compounds was indicative of the importance of petroleum as a PAH source in the estuary. Petroleum refineries, a coal loading terminal and a major treated sewage outfall located at the mouth were not indicated as major contributing sources of PAH pollution in the estuary.

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Assessment of TPHs and PAHs in the Marine Sediment Relating to Oil and Gas Extraction activity on the western coastline of Qatar

University of the Future: Re-Imagining Research and Higher Education ◽

10.29117/quarfe.2020.0013 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maryam Abdulali Abdulla

Keyword(s):

Marine Sediment ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Sediment Quality ◽

Arabian Gulf ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Gas Extraction ◽

Quality Guidelines ◽

The Impact

Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are priority pollutants which are known to be associated with petroleum products. They are released into the marine environment via accidental spillage, exploration and transportation. The present study aims to assess the impact of petroleum and gas extraction activities on the pollution of coastal marine sediment of the western coastline of Qatar. Sixty-six surface sediment samples were collected along the western coastal area. The concentration of organic hydrocarbons (TPHs and PAHs) were determined using GC-FID and GC-MS, respectively. Sediment characteristics including pH, temperature, TOC and particle size were also measured. The results indicated low concentrations of TPH (<0.001-0.246 μg/g dry weight sediment) and PAHs (<0.001-0.044 μg/g dry weight sediment). The concentrations for both organic pollutants were lower compared to the previous studies done within Qatar and in the Arabian Gulf and also indicated below the available permissible limit set by the Ministry of Municipality and Environment of Qatar and other sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) used worldwide (NOAA).

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Unlocking Fungal Cryptic Natural Products

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0900401113 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (11) ◽

pp. 1934578X0900401 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yi-Ming Chiang ◽

Kuan-Han Lee ◽

James F. Sanchez ◽

Nancy P. Keller ◽

Clay C. C. Wang

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Secondary Metabolism ◽

Analytical Methods ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Biosynthetic Pathways ◽

Fungal Metabolites ◽

Potential Sources ◽

Fungal Genomes

Recent published sequencing of fungal genomes has revealed that these microorganisms have a surprisingly large number of secondary metabolite pathways that can serve as potential sources for new and useful natural products. Most of the secondary metabolites and their biosynthesis pathways are currently unknown, possibly because they are produced in very small amounts and are thus difficult to detect or are produced only under specific conditions. Elucidating these fungal metabolites will require new molecular genetic tools, better understanding of the regulation of secondary metabolism, and state of the art analytical methods. This review describes recent strategies to mine the cryptic natural products and their biosynthetic pathways in fungi.

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Occurrence and Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water and Sediment Collected along the Harbour Line, Mumbai, India

International Journal of Oceanography ◽

10.1155/2012/403615 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

V. Dhananjayan ◽

S. Muralidharan ◽

Vinny R. Peter

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Sediment Quality ◽

Quality Criteria ◽

Marine Organisms ◽

High Concentration ◽

Sediment Samples ◽

Water And Sediment ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Water And Sediment Samples

This study investigated the occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and sediment samples collected along the harbour line, Mumbai, India. The ∑PAHs quantified in water and sediment samples were ranged from 8.66 ng/L to 46.74 ng/L and from 2608 ng/g to 134134 ng/g dry wt., respectively. Significantly high concentration of ∑PAHs was found in water samples of Sewri and sediment samples of Mahul (P<0.05). PAH concentrations detected in the present study were several folds higher than the existing sediment quality criteria suggested by various statutory agencies. The PAH composition patterns in water and sediments suggest the dominance of high molecular weight compounds and indicate important pyrolytic and petrogenic sources. The occurrence of PAHs in the marine environment has attracted the attention of the scientific community as these compounds are frequently detected in seawater and sediments at increasing levels and can have adverse health effects on marine organisms and humans. PAH concentrations detected at Sewri-Mahul site were sufficiently high to pose a risk to marine organisms if they are exposed continuously to this concentration. Hence, continuous monitoring of the ecosystem is highly warranted.

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Deterministic Assessment of the Risk of Phthalate Esters in Sediments of U-Tapao Canal, Southern Thailand

Toxics ◽

10.3390/toxics8040093 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 93

Author(s):

Okpara Kingsley ◽

Banchong Witthayawirasak

Keyword(s):

Ecological Risk ◽

Total Concentration ◽

Phthalate Esters ◽

Sediment Quality ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Concentration Addition ◽

Sediment Samples ◽

Mixture Effects ◽

Quality Guidelines ◽

Southern Thailand

This baseline study evaluated the ecological risk associated with the concentration of six common Phthalate esters (PAEs) in sediment samples collected from the U-Tapao canal in Southern Thailand. Deterministic approaches consisting of standard sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and Risk quotient (RQ) were used to evaluate the potential ecological risk of individuals and a mixture of Phthalate esters (PAEs) detected in sediment samples. Of the 6 PAEs measured, only three, including di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP) and di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP), were identified and quantified. The total concentration of the 3 PAEs congeners found in the sediment samples ranged from 190 to 2010 ng/g dw. The results from the SQGs and RQ were not consistent with each other. The SQGs results for individual PAEs showed that DEHP and DBP found in sediment was estimated to cause moderate risk on benthic organisms, DiNP was not estimated due to lack of SQGs data. However, the RQ method indicated a low risk of DEHP and DBP on algae, crustacean and fish, whereas DiNP poses no risk on crustacean. Furthermore, based on the result obtained in this study, the consensus SQGs for mixture effects prove to be a more protective tool than the RQ concentration addition approach in predicting mixture effects. Despite inevitable uncertainties, the integration of several screening approaches of ecological risk assessment (ERA) can help get a more inclusive and credible result of the first tier of individuals and a mixture of these pollutants.

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