Distribution and characteristic of PAHs in sediments from the southwest Caspian Sea, Guilan Province, Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 1587-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nemati Varnosfaderany ◽  
Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari ◽  
Zhaoyan Gu ◽  
Guoqiang Chu
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Particle Size Fractions ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Pyrogenic Source ◽  
Guilan Province

Contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the southwest Caspian Sea was assessed by examination of 45 sediment samples, collected from the coasts of the Guilan Province in 2012 and analyzed for 29 PAHs. The concentrations of PAHs were in the range of 232.1–1,014 ng g−1 dry weight (mean 520 ± 246.4 ng g−1). The predominance of alkyl-substituted naphthalenes and phenanthrenes and the higher contributions of petrogenic compounds (NPD = 35.4–74.4%) compared to pyrogenic PAH compounds (COM = 18.1–47.4%) reveal a petrogenic source for PAHs with ubiquitous distribution in the study area. Offshore increase of total PAH concentrations was found to be correlated with increase of organic matter content of sediments, but no correlations with particle size fractions were found. The evaluation of ecotoxicological risk by sediment quality guidelines indicated that total PAH concentrations at all sites were below the effects range-low (ERL), but some individual petrogenic PAHs at some stations were significantly above their ERL and likely to adversely affect benthic biota. According to the diagnostic ratios used, most stations revealed the major source of the PAHs to be petrogenic, but some stations suggested a mixed petrogenic-pyrogenic source.

scholarly journals Bioavailability of heavy metals in soils amended with sewage sludge

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M T Morera ◽  
J. Echeverría ◽  
J. Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metals Bioavailability ◽  
Heavy Metals In Soils

The recycling of sewage sludge to agricultural land results in the slow accumulation of potentially toxic heavy metals in soils. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the bioavailability of Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn applied to soils in urban anaerobically stabilized sewage sludge. The soils were Lithic Haplumbrept (Lh), Calcixerollic Xerochrept (Cx1 and Cx2) and Paralithic Xerorthent (Px). Sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L) were grown in the soils following amendment with the sludge. The addition of sewage sludge markedly increased the average dry weight of the plants in the soils that had lower yields without sludge addition (Lh, Cx2, and Px). The acid pH of the Lh soil favoured the bioavailability of Zn from sewage sludge. The bioavailability of Cu was greater in the alkaline soils than in the acidic soil (Lh), which can be attributed to the high organic matter content of the Lh soil which complexes Cu and impairs its uptake by the plants. The concentration of metals in the plants increased with the sewage sludge dose. The effect of the soil type on the metal concentration in plants was greater that the effect of the dose. Key words: Soils, sewage sludge, heavy metals, bioavailability, sunflower

scholarly journals Assessment of TPHs and PAHs in the Marine Sediment Relating to Oil and Gas Extraction activity on the western coastline of Qatar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Abdulali Abdulla
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediment ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gas Extraction ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
The Impact

Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are priority pollutants which are known to be associated with petroleum products. They are released into the marine environment via accidental spillage, exploration and transportation. The present study aims to assess the impact of petroleum and gas extraction activities on the pollution of coastal marine sediment of the western coastline of Qatar. Sixty-six surface sediment samples were collected along the western coastal area. The concentration of organic hydrocarbons (TPHs and PAHs) were determined using GC-FID and GC-MS, respectively. Sediment characteristics including pH, temperature, TOC and particle size were also measured. The results indicated low concentrations of TPH (<0.001-0.246 μg/g dry weight sediment) and PAHs (<0.001-0.044 μg/g dry weight sediment). The concentrations for both organic pollutants were lower compared to the previous studies done within Qatar and in the Arabian Gulf and also indicated below the available permissible limit set by the Ministry of Municipality and Environment of Qatar and other sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) used worldwide (NOAA).

scholarly journals Total phosphorus and organic matter content in bottom sediments of lake under restoration measures with iron treatment

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kowalczewska-Madura ◽  
Renata Dondajewska ◽  
Ryszard Gołdyn
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Iron Treatment ◽  
Iron Sulphate ◽  
Restoration Measures

Total phosphorus and organic matter content in bottom sediments of lake under restoration measures with iron treatmentRusałka Lake is a shallow, man-made, strongly eutrophicated reservoir, being a place of recreational activities for Poznan citizens. Restoration measures with the use of iron sulphate were conducted in years 2006-2007. Phosphorus and organic matter concentrations in lake sediments were analyzed in years 2005-2007 at two research stations (profundal and littoral) to determine its changes under the influence of restoration. Greater phosphorus concentrations were noted in profundal (max 1.55 mg P g-1dry weight (DW)) than in littoral (max 0.98 mg P g-1DW). An increase of P amount in sediment was observed after iron treatment. Among phosphorus fractions Res-P dominated, i.e. phosphorus biologically unavailable for organisms. Organic matter content reached 23.1% in profundal, while 14.8% in littoral. Its amount decreased in following years.

Groundtmthing Multibeam Bathymetric Surveys of Finfish Aquaculture Sites in the Bay d’Espoir Estuarine Fjord, Newfoundland

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Tlusty ◽  
John E. Hughes Clark ◽  
John Shaw ◽  
Vem A. Pepper ◽  
M. Robin Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Sediment Characteristics ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Sonar Images ◽  
Scale Characterization ◽  
Finfish Aquaculture

Current and potential salmonid aquaculture sites in the Bay d’Espoir estuarine fjord on the south coast of Newfoundland were surveyed using multibeam SWATH sonar. In 1997, shallow sites were surveyed using the CSS Puffin EM3000POS/MV system, and deeper sites were surveyed in 1998 using the CCGS Creed hull mounted EM 1000. Sediment cores from representative areas were collected during this period and analyzed for organic matter content, and pore water ammonium and sulfate. We discuss the correlation between the sediment core profiles and the results of the side scan and sun-illuminated bathymetric imagery. Bay d’Espoir is a natural depositional area, and that, coupled with the unique backscatter properties of fish farm wastes, increases the difficulty of interpreting these multibeam sonar images. A fairly accurate broad scale characterization of sediment quality can be made from high-resolution images. However’, much of the fine scale detail and inherent variation of sediment characteristics associated with impacts from aquaculture cannot be determined from multibeam imagery.

scholarly journals Analysis of Fresh Mushroom Compost

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Fidanza ◽  
David L. Sanford ◽  
David M. Beyer ◽  
David J. Aurentz
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Wet Weight

Fresh mushroom compost is a byproduct of the edible mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) industry and represents the composted growing substrate that remains after a crop has been harvested to completion. Thirty samples were obtained from commercial mushroom farms in southeastern Pennsylvania and sent to a laboratory for analysis to determine plant nutrient content, bulk density, and particle size distribution of fresh mushroom compost. Fresh mushroom compost had an average pH of 6.6, with an average carbon:nitrogen ratio of 13:1. Organic matter content averaged 25.86% (wet weight), 146.73 lb/yard3 (wet volume) or 60.97% (dry weight). For the primary macronutrients, average total nitrogen content averaged 1.12% (wet weight), 6.40 lb/yard3 (wet volume) or 2.65% (dry weight), phosphorus measured 0.29% (wet weight), 1.67 lb/yard3 (wet volume) or 0.69% (dry weight), and potassium was 1.04% (wet weight), 5.89 lb/yard3 (wet volume) or 2.44% (dry weight). Average soluble salt content was 13.30 mmho/cm (wet weight basis). However, on a per acre basis, the calculated sodium absorption ratio of 0.38 was considered very low. The average bulk density of fresh mushroom compost was 574.73 lb/yard3 (wet volume basis), and 91% of the material measured ≤3/8 inch in diameter as determined on a wet weight basis. Overall, fresh mushroom compost is suitable as a natural organic fertilizer and soil amendment for agriculture and horticulture.

scholarly journals The Cs-137 contamination of soils in the Netherlands and its consequences for the contamination of crop products.

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-346
Author(s):  
M.J. Frissel ◽  
J.F. Stoutjesdijk ◽  
A.C. Koolwijk ◽  
H.W. Koster
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Plant Transfer ◽  
Analysis Programme ◽  
Averaging Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Space Effects

On 2-4 May 1986 the Netherlands was contaminated with radioactive caesium originating from the nuclear accident at Chernobyl. Radiation measurements indicated that the major part of the contamination was associated with rainfall. A sampling and analysis programme confirmed this assumption. To estimate the uptake of Cs-134 and Cs-137 by crops in the future, use was made of the data of the Soil-to-Plant Transfer working group of the IUR (International Union of Radioecologists). The IUR data provide predictor values for the transfer of radionuclides for particular types of crops and soils. Correction factors are presented for the impact of pH, organic matter content and reduction of the availability of radionuclides with time. Uncertainties associated with averaging time and space effects and local differences as well as 95% confidence limits are provided. The predicted levels for edible parts of crops in the Netherlands vary between 0.1 and 10 Bq kg-1 on a dry weight base. On a fresh weight base these values are even lower. The predicted transfer values are compared with results of uptake experiments at RIVM. It can be concluded that, for the range of conditions tested, there is no indication of severe deviations from the predicted uptake due to local conditions in the Netherlands. Therefore the derived equations for the prediction of the uptake of Cs-137 can be applied. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals BIOMASS YIELD OF CROTALARIA JUNCEA AFTER THINNING AND AT VARIED SOWING DENSITIES IN THE COASTAL PLATEAU OF PIAUÍ STATE, BRAZIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 878-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAURO SERGIO TEODORO ◽  
FRANCISCO JOSÉ DE SEIXAS SANTOS ◽  
MAIRLA NASCIMENTO DE LACERDA ◽  
LUMA MELISA DA SILVA ARAÚJO
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Important Center ◽  
Number Of Branches

ABSTRACT The northern region of Piauí state is an important center of irrigated organic fruit farming, wherein sandy soils with low organic matter content are predominant, besides climate with high temperatures, long periods of water deficit and constant wind. Given this situation, it becomes necessary to investigate alternative management options able to meet the challenges of agricultural productivity. In this context, green manuring becomes an important practice, mainly when using fast-growing species and with great potential for biomass production. Thus, a study was carried out at Embrapa Meio-Norte to measure Crotalaria juncea biomass yield after thinning and at various sowing densities. The evaluated parameters were plant height, stem diameter, number of branches per plant, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots. The results showed that sowing density had no influence on plant height; however, unthinned plants reached greater heights, which might have been due to reduced competition for light. Thinning had no effect on diameters of plant stem base; on the other hand, lower planting densities promoted larger diameters also due to less competition. Likewise, the number of branches per plant was not affected by thinning, being greater at lower planting densities on account of less competition. Thinned plants achieved higher averages of fresh shoot weight. Nevertheless, shoot dry biomass was greater at higher planting densities. Furthermore, both fresh and dry weight of roots were not influenced by any of the adopted treatments.

scholarly journals Organic matter content and quality in supraglacial debris across the ablation zone of the Greenland ice sheet

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (56) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Stibal ◽  
Emily C. Lawson ◽  
Grzegorz P. Lis ◽  
Ka Man Mak ◽  
Jemma L. Wadham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Microbial Abundance ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Microbial Productivity

AbstractQuantifying the biogeochemical cycling of carbon in glacial ecosystems is of great significance for regional, and potentially global, carbon flow estimations. The concentration and quality of organic carbon (OC) is an important indicator of biogeochemical and physical processes that prevail in an ice-sheet ecosystem. Here we determine the content and quality of OC in debris from the surface of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) using microscopic, chromatographic, spectrophotometric and high-temperature combustion techniques. The total OC content in the debris increased with distance from the edge of the ice sheet, from virtually zero to >6% dry weight at 50 km inland, and there was a peak in the carbohydrate proportion and the microbial abundance at ∼6km inland. The highest (galactose + mannose)/(arabinose + xylose) ratios, indicating maximum autochthonous microbial production, were found at >10km inland. We propose that three key processes influence the carbon cycling on the GrIS: aeolian input of microbial inoculum and nutrients, in situ biological C transformation and the wash-away of supraglacial debris by meltwaters. We show that all these processes have significant spatial variability. While the total OC content of the debris on the ice sheet is probably controlled by the physical processes of wind transport and wash-away by meltwater, the microbial abundance and the quantity of the labile cell-contained OC within the debris is likely to be driven by the balance between the wash-away and the microbial productivity.

Geostatistical methods for estimation of toxicity of marine bottom sediments based on the Gdańsk Basin area

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Witt ◽  
Marta Kobusińska ◽  
Joanna Maciak ◽  
Elżbieta Niemirycz
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Sediment Layer ◽  
Geostatistical Methods

AbstractToxicity assessment of environmental compartments, in particular sediments as a highly complex matrix, provides a more direct way to assess potential adverse effects of pollutants present in a sample in contrast to chemical analysis estimating only a quantitative level of xenobiotics. Interactions between chemicals, formations of derivatives and the influence of chemical properties of sediments such as the organic matter content causing the intensified sorption of hydrophobic pollutants suggest that a traditional approach to the sediment quality, based only on chemical analysis may be insufficient. The presented study describes the vertical and horizontal variability of toxicity of Gdańsk Basin sediments. Based on 128 surface sediments samples and using geostatistical methods, a prediction map for the EC50 parameter was created. This allowed the evaluation of the toxicity of the surface sediment layer at any selected point of the study area. The applied analysis can be functional for many other locations worldwide. In the present study, the hypothesis about the location of toxic sediments in the vicinity of Gdańsk Deep, outer Puck Bay and close to Vistula River mouth was further confirmed.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Humic Acid and Trichoderma sp. for Planting Media with Oil Palm Empty Bunches in Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Aline Sisi Handini ◽  
Ratih Rahhutami ◽  
Dwi Astutik
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Total N ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Growing Medium

<em>Pakcoy is a vegetable commodity that has high economic value. This study aims to determine the effect of humic acid and Trichoderma sp. by utilizing empty fruit bunch (EFB) waste as a growing medium for Pakcoy growth. The research method used was a two-factor randomized block design. The first factor is humic acid (AH) with three levels: AH1 = 1 g, AH2 = 2 g, AH3 = 3 g. The second factor is Trichoderma sp. (T) with three levels; T1 = 50 ml, T2 = 100 ml, T3 = 150 ml. In this study it was concluded, the best treatment was found in the application of humic acid with a dose of 1 g on the parameters of observation of leaf length, leaf width, plant height, wet weight, and plant dry weight. The use of Trichoderma sp. in this study, does not affect all parameters observation. The results of the analysis of the planting medium showed that the pH was slightly acidic conditions 5.67 - 6.33. The organic matter content contained in the growing media ranged from 1.20 to 2.62%, and the total N-total contained in the growing medium ranged from 0.10 to 0.18. In-plant tissue analysis shows that the N-total found in plant tissue ranges from 4.62 - 5.23.</em>

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