scholarly journals Persistence of Antibodies Against Spike Glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 in Healthcare Workers Post Double Dose of BBV-152 and AZD1222 Vaccines

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari Ram Choudhary ◽  
Debaprasad Parai ◽  
Girish Chandra Dash ◽  
Jaya Singh Kshatri ◽  
Narayan Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay ◽  
Research Facilities

Purpose: We investigated the persistence of the vaccine-induced immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Odisha who received a complete dose of either Covaxin or Covishield vaccine.Methods: This 24-week longitudinal cohort study was conducted from January to July 2021 with participants from 6 healthcare and research facilities of Odisha to understand the dynamicity of the vaccine-induced IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 after the complete dose of vaccines.Results: Serum samples were collected from 614 participants during each follow-up and were tested in two chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CLIA)-based platforms to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies both qualitatively and quantitatively. Among these participants, 308 (50.2%) participants were Covishield recipients and the rest 306 (49.8%) participants took Covaxin. A total of 81 breakthrough cases were recorded and the rest 533 HCWs without any history of postvaccination infection showed significant antibody waning either from T3 (Covaxin recipient) or T4 (Covishield recipient). The production of vaccine-induced IgG antibodies is significantly higher (p < 0.001) in Covishield compared with Covaxin. Covishield recipients produced higher median anti-S IgG titer than Covaxin. No statistically significant differences in antibody titers were observed based on age, gender, comorbidities, and blood groups.Conclusion: This 6-month follow-up study documents a 2-fold and 4-fold decrease in spike antibody titer among Covishield and Covaxin recipients, respectively. The clinical implications of antibody waning after vaccination are not well understood. It also highlights the need for further data to understand the long-term persistence of vaccine-induced antibody and threshold antibody titer required for protection against reinfection.

scholarly journals M22. IGG ANTIBODIES TO TOXOPLASMA GONDII ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED LONG-TERM RISK FOR PSYCHOSIS IN INDIVIDUALS AT ULTRA-HIGH RISK FOR PSYCHOSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S141-S142
Author(s):  
Maximus Berger ◽  
Eva Burkhardt ◽  
Alison Yung ◽  
Barnaby Nelson ◽  
Shona Francey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Young People ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Ultra High Risk ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Parasitic Pathogens

Abstract Background The prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, a ubiquitous parasitic protozoan causing the infectious disease toxoplasmosis, is increased in patients with psychotic disorders compared to the general population. We have previously shown that antibody titers for T.gondii correlate with the severity of positive symptoms in young people at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis, suggesting that infection with T. gondii may be relevant to the manifestation of psychosis. However, it is unclear if T. gondii antibodies represent a risk factor for psychosis onset or non-psychotic outcome in UHR individuals. The aim of the present study was to examine whether seropositivity for T.gondii is associated with transition to psychosis and other outcomes in young people at UHR for psychosis. Methods The study sample consisted of 96 individuals at UHR for psychosis who were referred to the Personal Assistance and Crisis Evaluation (PACE) clinic in Melbourne, Australia, between 2001 and 2004, consented to optional blood tests for infectious agents and were followed up for up to 10 years after baseline (median (interquartile range) duration of follow-up: 7.15 (3.14 – 7.72) years). Serum IgG antibodies to six viral and parasitic pathogens (Toxoplasma gondii, Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and 2, Cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr Virus, Varicella-Zoster Virus) were measured at baseline. Outcome measures included transition to psychosis, general psychiatric symptomatology and positive psychotic symptoms (BPRS), negative symptoms (SANS), depressive symptoms (HAM-D), anxiety symptoms (HAM-A) and functioning (SOFAS and GAF). Cox proportional hazards regression and linear regression models were used to examine the associations of seropositivity and antibody titers at baseline and transition to psychosis and other outcomes at follow-up. Results A total of 17 individuals (17.7%) were seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii at baseline. The rate of transition to psychosis was higher among seropositive (35.7%) compared to seronegative participants (14.6%), although this was not statistically significant (p=0.101). Antibody titers (IgG) for Toxoplasma gondii were significantly higher at baseline in participants who later transitioned to psychosis (1.34 ± 1.36 vs. 0.79 ± 0.73, p=0.027). Seropositivity for T.gondii IgG at baseline significantly predicted transition to psychosis within the follow-up duration (hazard ratio [HR]=3.61, 95%CI 1.08 – 12.00, p=0.036). Toxoplasma IgG at baseline were significantly associated with higher BPRS scores at follow-up in participants who were seropositive at baseline (Beta=6.38, 95%CI 0.43 – 12.34, p=0.038). No significant associations were found between antibodies to other pathogens and outcome, or between antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and any other outcomes. Discussion Our findings suggest that the presence of IgG class antibodies for Toxoplasma gondii is associated with a higher risk for psychosis transition in individuals at UHR for psychosis, but not with risk for other long-term outcomes. These observations provide support for the hypothesis that infection with Toxoplasma gondii may be an environmental risk factor for psychosis and suggest that IgG antibodies for Toxoplasma gondii in individuals at UHR for psychosis have prognostic relevance.

scholarly journals Seven-Month Analysis of Five SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Assay Results after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccination: Significant Decrease in SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Titer

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Seri Jeong ◽  
Nuri Lee ◽  
Su-Kyung Lee ◽  
Eun-Jung Cho ◽  
Jungwon Hyun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Antibody Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
Antibody Assays ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Dose Scheme

We investigated the longevity rates of antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) after a complete ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination, which are rare and important to estimate their efficacy and establish a vaccination strategy. We assessed the positivity rates and changes of titers before (T0) and at one month (T1), four months (T2), and seven months (T3) after a ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination using five SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays. A total of 874 serum samples were obtained from 228 (T0 and T1), 218 (T2), and 200 (T3) healthcare workers. The positive rates for all five assays were 0.0–0.9% at T0, 66.2–92.5% at T1, 98.2–100.0% at T2, and 66.0–100.0% at T3. The positive rates at T3 were decreased compared to those at T2. The median antibody titers of all the assays at T3 were significantly decreased compared to those at T2 (860.5 to 232.0 U/mL for Roche total, 1041.5 to 325.5 AU/mL for Abbott IgG, 10.9 to 2.3 index for Siemens IgG, 99.5% to 94.7% for SD Biosensor V1, and 88.5% to 38.2% for GenScript). A third-dose scheme can be considered based on our data generated from five representative assays. Our findings contribute insights into SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays and appropriate vaccination strategies.

scholarly journals Long-term trajectories of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and predictive value of first dose vaccination-induced IgG-antibodies in hemodialysis patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. Tillmann ◽  
H. Still ◽  
Philipp von Landenberg
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Antibody Titers

Abstract Purpose The predictive value of antibody titers after the first SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and long-term trajectories of antibody titers in hemodialysis patients are unknown. Methods SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and their neutralizing effect six weeks after the first and second vaccination were analysed in 30 hemodialysis patients. IgG titers served to classify participants as responders or non-responders and to calculate sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Associations between potential risk factors and post-vaccine non-response were analysed by Mann–Whitney-U test and Chi-Squared test. Long-term follow-up analysis (ANOVA) on the evolution of neutralizing IgG-titers was performed in 24 participants 94 and 135 days after the second immunization. Results IgG antibodies ≥ 1 AU/L (mean 9 ± 20 AU/L) after the first dose were found in 20 patients (66.7%). After the second dose only two participants (6.7%) remained sero-negative and 16.6% showed neutralizing levels below 30%, whereas 25 patients showed IgG antibodies with the high neutralizing activity of 86 ± 18%. Positive IgG antibodies 6 weeks after the first vaccination predicted vaccination effectiveness after two cycles with a specificity of 100%, sensitivity of 76%, and accuracy of 87%. Even low-dose immunosuppressive therapy increased the relative risk for non-response after the first and second dose 1.9 (95% CI 0.8–4.6) and 4.9 (95% CI 1.0–23.8) times, respectively. Over a period of about 4.5 months IgG titers slowly declined by 51% from baseline or by 0.45 AU/mL per day, respectively. Conclusion Two cycles of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination-induced high seroconversion rates comparable to the general population. Immunosuppressive medication is a major risk factor for vaccination non-response. Mounted IgG antibodies showed a high neutralizing capacity as evidence of protective effectiveness. IgG antibodies after the first dose may serve to predict later vaccination outcome. Patients on dialysis display a more rapid decline in antibody titers on long-term follow-up compared to healthy controls.

scholarly journals Long-Term Persistence of IgG Antibodies in SARS-CoV Infected Healthcare Workers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqin Guo ◽  
Zhongmin Guo ◽  
Chaohui Duan ◽  
Zeliang Chen ◽  
Guoling Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Time Of Infection ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe ongoing worldwide outbreak of the 2019-nCoV is markedly similar to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak 17 years ago. During the 2002-2003 SARS outbreak, healthcare workers formed a special population of patients. Although virus-specific IgG play important roles in virus neutralization and prevention against future infection, limited information is available regarding the long term persistence of IgG after infection with SARS-like coronavirus.METHODSA long-term prospective cohort study followed 34 SARS-CoV-infected healthcare workers from a hospital with clustered infected cases during the 2002-2003 SARS outbreak in Guangzhou, China, with a 13-year follow-up. Serum samples were collected annually from 2003-2015. Twenty SARS-CoV-infected and 40 non-infected healthcare workers were enrolled in 2015, and their serum samples were collected. All sera were tested for IgG antibodies with ELISA using whole virus and a recombinant nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV, as a diagnostic antigen.RESULTSAnti SARS-CoV IgG was found to persist for up to 12 years. IgG titers typically peaked in 2004, declining rapidly from 2004-2006, and then continued to decline at a slower rate. IgG titers in SARS-CoV-infected healthcare workers remained at a significantly high level until 2015. Patients treated with corticosteroids at the time of infection were found to have lower IgG titers than those without.CONCLUSIONSIgG antibodies against SARS-CoV can persist for at least 12 years. The presence of SARS-CoV IgG might provide protection against SARS-CoV and other betacoronavirus. This study provides valuable information regarding humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV and the 2019-nCoV.

scholarly journals Antibody Response to CoronaVac Vaccine in Indonesian COVID-19 Survivor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmat Azhari Kemal ◽  
Dita Kartika Sari ◽  
Ariza Julia Paulina
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Antibody Titre ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Positive Antibody ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
History Of

Several studies have shown that individuals with previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection had boosted antibody response after single dose of mRNA or adenovirus-vectored vaccines. We wondered whether single dose CoronaVac, a whole-inactivated vaccine, could be considered for COVID-19 survivors in Indonesia. We measured IgG anti-RBD titre among 18 survivors and 37 non-survivors. Among survivors, there were 9 survivors with positive antibody titre (seropositive) before vaccination and 9 seronegative survivors. All respondents received two doses of CoronaVac vaccine at 14-days interval. We found no significant antibody titre difference between non-survivor at 14 or 28 days after second dose as well as seronegative survivor at at 14 days after second dose. Seropositive survivors were rapidly boosted after first dose with higher antibody titer than non-survivors and seronegative survivors after second dose. However, antibody titer did not differ between first and second dose among seropositive survivors. Seropositive COVID-19 survivors could receive single dose of CoronaVac vaccine which could potentially ease the vaccine supply constrain. A long-term follow-up must be conducted to observe difference in antibody response and persistence.

The natural history of pituitary apoplexy: long term follow-up study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Shaikh ◽  
Natasha Shrikrishnapalasuriyar ◽  
Giselle Sharaf ◽  
David Price ◽  
Maneesh Udiawar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Pituitary Apoplexy ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Prevalence and Course of IgA and IgG Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in Healthcare Workers during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Germany: Interim Results from an Ongoing Observational Cohort Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Mark Reinwald ◽  
Peter Markus Deckert ◽  
Oliver Ritter ◽  
Henrike Andresen ◽  
Andreas G. Schreyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Observational Cohort Study ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Observational Cohort

(1) Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are prone to intensified exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the ongoing pandemic. We prospectively analyzed the prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in HCWs at baseline and follow up with regard to clinical signs and symptoms in two university hospitals in Brandenburg, Germany. (2) Methods: Screening for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG antibodies was offered to HCWs at baseline and follow up two months thereafter in two hospitals of Brandenburg Medical School during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany in an ongoing observational cohort study. Medical history and signs and symptoms were recorded by questionnaires and analyzed. (3) Results: Baseline seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA was 11.7% and increased to 15% at follow up, whereas IgG seropositivity was 2.1% at baseline and 2.2% at follow up. The rate of asymptomatic seropositive cases was 39.5%. Symptoms were not associated with general seropositivity for anti-SARS-CoV-2; however, class switch from IgA to IgG was associated with increased symptom burden. (4) Conclusions: The seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was low in HCWs but higher compared to population data and increased over time. Screening for antibodies detected a significant proportion of seropositive participants cases without symptoms.

scholarly journals Vaccination strategy and anti - SARS-CoV-2 S titers in healthcare workers of the INT – IRCCS “Fondazione Pascale” Cancer Center (Naples, Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesta Cavalcanti ◽  
Maria Antonietta Isgrò ◽  
Domenica Rea ◽  
Lucia Di Capua ◽  
Giusy Trillò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the resulting disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have spread to millions of people globally, requiring the development of billions of different vaccine doses. The SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA vaccine (named BNT162b2/Pfizer), authorized by the FDA, has shown high efficacy in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection after administration of two doses in individuals 16 years of age and older. In the present study, we retrospectively evaluated the differences in the SARS-CoV-2 humoral immune response after vaccine administration in the two different cohorts of workers at the INT - IRCCS “Fondazione Pascale” Cancer Center (Naples, Italy): previously infected to SARS-CoV-2 subjects and not infected to SARS-CoV-2 subjects. Methods We determined specific anti-RBD (receptor-binding domain) titers against trimeric spike glycoprotein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 by Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S immunoassay in serum samples of 35 healthcare workers with a previous documented history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and 158 healthcare workers without, after 1 and 2 doses of vaccine, respectively. Moreover, geometric mean titers and relative fold changes (FC) were calculated. Results Both previously infected and not infected to SARS-CoV-2 subjects developed significant immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 after the administration of 1 and 2 doses of vaccine, respectively. Anti-S antibody responses to the first dose of vaccine were significantly higher in previously SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects in comparison to titers of not infected subjects after the first as well as the second dose of vaccine. Fold changes for subjects previously infected to SARS-CoV-2 was very modest, given the high basal antibody titer, as well as the upper limit of 2500.0 BAU/mL imposed by the Roche methods. Conversely, for naïve subjects, mean fold change following the first dose was low ($$ \overline{x} $$ x ¯ =1.6), reaching 3.8 FC in 72 subjects (45.6%) following the second dose. Conclusions The results showed that, as early as the first dose, SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals developed a remarkable and statistically significant immune response in comparison to those who did not contract the virus previously, suggesting the possibility of administering only one dose in previously SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects. FC for previously infected subjects should not be taken into account for the generally high pre-vaccination values. Conversely, FC for not infected subjects, after the second dose, were = 3.8 in > 45.0% of vaccinees, and ≤ 3.1 in 19.0%, the latter showing a potential susceptibility to further SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Long-term systolic blood pressure and all-cause mortality in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: an analysis of the TOPCAT trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Huang ◽  
C Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) at admission or discharge was associated with poor outcomes in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, the optimal long-term SBP for HFpEF was less clear. Purpose To examine the association of long-term SBP and all-cause mortality among patients with HFpEF. Methods We analyzed participants from the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist (TOPCAT) study. Participants had at least two SBP measurements of different times during the follow-up were included. Long-term SBP was defined as the average of all SBP measurements during the follow-up. We stratified participants into four groups according to long-term SBP: <120mmHg, ≥120mmHg and <130mmHg, ≥130mmHg and <140mmHg, ≥140mmHg. Multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all-cause mortality associated with SBP level. To assess for nonlinearity, we fitted restricted cubic spline models of long-term SBP. Sensitivity analyses were conducted by confining participants with history of hypertension or those with left ventricular ejection fraction≥50%. Results The 3338 participants had a mean (SD) age of 68.5 (9.6) years; 51.4% were women, and 89.3% were White. The median long-term SBP was 127.3 mmHg (IQR 121–134.2, range 77–180.7). Patients in the SBP of <120mmHg group were older age, less often female, less often current smoker, had higher estimated glomerular filtration rate, less often had history of hypertension, and more often had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and atrial fibrillation. After multivariable adjustment, long-term SBP of 120–130mmHg and 130–140mmHg was associated with a lower risk of mortality during a mean follow-up of 3.3 years (HR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.49–0.85, P=0.001; HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.50–0.88, P=0.004, respectively); long-term SBP of <120mmHg had similar risk of mortality (HR 1.03, 95% CI: 0.78–1.36, P=0.836), compared with long-term SBP of ≥140mmHg. Findings from restricted cubic spline analysis demonstrate that there was J-shaped association between long-term SBP and all-cause mortality (P=0.02). These association was essentially unchanged in sensitivity analysis. Conclusions Among patients with HFpEF, long-term SBP showed a J-shaped pattern with all-cause mortality and a range of 120–140 mmHg was significantly associated with better outcomes. Future randomized controlled trials need to evaluate optimal long-term SBP goal in patients with HFpEF. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant (2019M660229 and 2019TQ0380)

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