Assessing the Influence of Vegan, Vegetarian and Omnivore Oriented Westernized Dietary Styles on Human Gut Microbiota: A Cross Sectional Study

We aimed to differentiate gut microbiota composition of overweight/obese and lean subjects and to determine its association with clinical variables and dietary intake. A cross-sectional study was performed with 96 overweight/obese subjects and 32 lean subjects. Anthropometric parameters were positively associated with Collinsella aerofaciens, Dorea formicigenerans and Dorea longicatena, which had higher abundance the overweight/obese subjects. Moreover, different genera of Lachnospiraceae were negatively associated with body fat, LDL and total cholesterol. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were negatively associated with the genus Intestinimonas, a biomarker of the overweight/obese group, whereas SFAs were positively associated with Roseburia, a biomarker for the lean group. In conclusion, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena and Collinsella aerofaciens could be considered obesity biomarkers, Lachnospiraceae is associated with lipid cardiovascular risk factors. SFAs exhibited opposite association profiles with butyrate-producing bacteria depending on the BMI. Thus, the relationship between diet and microbiota opens new tools for the management of obesity.

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Sex differences in the phylum‐level human gut microbiota composition

BMC Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s12866-021-02198-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alexander Koliada ◽

Vladislav Moseiko ◽

Mariana Romanenko ◽

Oleh Lushchak ◽

Nadiia Kryzhanovska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Age Groups ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Human Gut ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Total N ◽

Human Gut Microbiota ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background Evidence was previously provided for sex-related differences in the human gut microbiota composition, and sex-specific discrepancy in hormonal profiles was proposed as a main determinant of these differences. On the basis of these findings, the assumption was made on the role of microbiota in the sexual dimorphism of human diseases. To date, sex differences in fecal microbiota were demonstrated primarily at lower taxonomic levels, whereas phylum-level differences between sexes were reported in few studies only. In the present population-based cross-sectional research, sex differences in the phylum-level human gut microbiota composition were identified in a large (total n = 2301) sample of relatively healthy individuals from Ukraine. Results Relative abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, as determined by qRT-PCR, were found to be significantly increased, while that of Bacteroidetes was significantly decreased in females compared to males. The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was significantly increased in females compared to males. Females had 31 % higher odds of having F/B ratio more than 1 than males. This trend was evident in all age groups. The difference between sexes was even more pronounced in the elder individuals (50+): in this age group, female participants had 56 % higher odds of having F/B ratio > 1 than the male ones. Conclusions In conclusion, sex-specific differences in the phylum-level intestinal microbiota composition were observed in the Ukraine population. The F/B ratio was significantly increased in females compared to males. Further investigation is needed to draw strong conclusions regarding the mechanistic basis for sex-specific differences in the gut microbiota composition and regarding the role of these differences in the initiation and progression of human chronic diseases.

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The associations of gut microbiota and fecal short-chain fatty acids with bone mass were largely mediated by weight status: a cross-sectional study

European Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1007/s00394-021-02597-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fengyan Chen ◽

Qinzhi Wei ◽

Dafeng Xu ◽

Yuanhuan Wei ◽

Jue Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Weight Status ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Short Chain ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Gut microbiota in patients with newly diagnosed acromegaly: a pilot cross-sectional study

Pituitary ◽

10.1007/s11102-021-01137-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aysa Hacioglu ◽

◽

Aycan Gundogdu ◽

Ufuk Nalbantoglu ◽

Zuleyha Karaca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Association of faecal pH with childhood stunting: Results from a cross-sectional study

BMJ Paediatrics Open ◽

10.1136/bmjpo-2019-000549 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. e000549 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Md. Shabab Hossain ◽

Subhasish Das ◽

Md. Amran Gazi ◽

Md. Ashraful Alam ◽

Nur Muhammad Shahedul Haque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Linear Growth ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Faecal Ph ◽

Childhood Stunting

BackgroundGut microbiota plays an important role in the growth of children. The gut of children with optimum growth is enriched in certain species, especially Bifidobacteria and Clostridia. Bifidobacteria and commensal Clostridia both contribute to formation of acidic stool, and an elevated faecal pH indicates reduction of these species in the gut. The purpose of the study was to investigate the association of faecal pH with childhood stunting.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 100 children with length-for-age Z score (LAZ) <−1 aged between 12 and 18 months were enrolled from the ongoing Bangladesh Environmental Enteric Dysfunction study conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh. LAZ was measured by anthropometry and data on factors affecting linear growth were recorded. Faecal pH measurement was done using pH metre on freshly collected non-diarrhoeal faecal samples following standard procedure. Multiple quantile regression was done to quantify the relation between faecal pH and LAZ scores.ResultsThe mean LAZ and faecal pH of the children were −2.12±0.80 and 5.84±1.11, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed a statistically significant negative correlation between stool pH and the LAZ scores (p<0.01). After inclusion of other factors affecting linear growth into the regression model, a statistically significant inverse association was observed between faecal pH and LAZ score (p<0.01).ConclusionElevated faecal pH was found to have a significant association with stunted growth. As an indicator of gut microbiota status, faecal pH might have emerged as a possible indirect determinant of childhood stunting.Trial registration numberNCT02812615

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Dysbiosis of gut microbiota in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: A cross sectional study

Journal of Neuroimmunology ◽

10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577126 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 339 ◽

pp. 577126 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ziyan Shi ◽

Yuhan Qiu ◽

Jiancheng Wang ◽

Yihuan Fang ◽

Ying Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Neuromyelitis Optica ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Spectrum Disorders

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Correlation between gut microbiota and personality in adults: A cross-sectional study

Brain Behavior and Immunity ◽

10.1016/j.bbi.2017.12.012 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 ◽

pp. 374-385 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Han-Na Kim ◽

Yeojun Yun ◽

Seungho Ryu ◽

Yoosoo Chang ◽

Min-Jung Kwon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Gut microbiota: effect of pubertal status

BMC Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s12866-020-02021-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xin Yuan ◽

Ruimin Chen ◽

Ying Zhang ◽

Xiangquan Lin ◽

Xiaohong Yang

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Gut Microflora ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pubertal Status ◽

Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽

Puberty Stages ◽

Androgen Levels

Abstract Background The make-up of gut microbiota at different puberty stages has not been reported. This cross-sectional study analyzed the bio-diversity of gut microbiota at different puberty stages. Result The subjects (aged 5–15 years) were divided into non-pubertal (n = 42, male%: 66.7%) or pubertal groups (n = 47, male%:44.68); in both groups, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phylum. There was no difference of alpha- and beta-diversity among disparate puberty stages. Non-pubertal subjects had members of the order Clostridiales, family Clostridiaceae, genus Coprobacillus which were significantly more prevalent than puberty subjects. Also, the pubertal subjects had members of class Betaproteobacteria, order Burkholderiales which were significantly more prevalent than the non-pubertal subjects. Their relative abundance was independent of BMI-Z. In the pubertal subjects, the abundance of genus Adlercreutzia, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Clostridium and Parabacteroides was associated with the level of testosterone. Conclusions This is the first report of the diversity of gut microbiota at different puberty stages. The various species of gut microbiota changed gradually associated with puberty stages. Differences in gut microflora at different pubertal status may be related to androgen levels.

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Exercise and human gut microbiota: a systemic review

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s002966512000590x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Huiwen Xu ◽

Lourdes Ortiz Álvarez ◽

Borja Martínez-Téllez ◽

Jonatan Ruiz Ruiz

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Human Gut ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Microbial Ecosystem ◽

Exercise Interventions ◽

Human Gut Microbiota ◽

Cross Sectional Studies

AbstractBackground:Eubiosis is the intestinal microbial ecosystem balance between human and microorganisms, whereas a disbalance in this intestinal microbial ecosystem is known as dysbiosis. The relationship between exercise with gut microbiota in humans is poorly studied, although it seems that one of the possible ways to restore eubiosis could be via exercise. This systematic review aimed to examine the scientific literature available on the influence of exercise in the gut microbiota of healthy adults.Methods:A systematic and comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science (WOS) from their inception to April 2019. Search terms used were: “Gastrointestinal Microbiome”, “Fecal Microbiota”, “Cecal Microbiota”, “Faecal Microbiota, “Exercises”, “Training” and “Human”.Results:The initial search retrieved 218 articles and 15 met the inclusion criteria of which 9 were cross-sectional, 3 acute and 3 chronic exercise interventions. Higher levels of physical activity or VO2max were positively associated with alpha-diversity in the 85.7% of the cross-sectional studies (n = 6). We found controversial findings between levels of physical activity or VO2max with Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria phylum over cross-sectional studies. However, some studies found that higher levels of physical activity or VO2max were positively related with Verrumicrobia and Actinobacteria, as well as their levels increased after the exercise interventions studies. Furthermore, higher levels of physical activity or VO2max were positively related with short-chain-fatty-acids (SCFAs), as well as their levels increased after a chronic intervention.Discussion:The muscle-gut axis is based on the contraction of skeletal muscle during exercise due to the release of myokines. This myokines that seem to play a role in mediating the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in the gut during exercise. GLP-1 is one of the key incretins involved in the whole-body metabolism. On other hand, the gut-muscle axis, relies that the gut microbiota is able to produce SCFAs, which are mediator of mitochondrial energy metabolism in skeletal muscles.Conclusion:Higher levels of physical activity or VO2max are positively related with higher levels of alpha diversity and some phylum in healthy adults. Moreover, both acute and chronic exercises only influence some phylum. However, the high heterogeneity between studies hampers to draw stronger conclusions. Therefore, further studies are needed to understand the possible mechanism about how exercise could affect healthy human gut microbiota.

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