scholarly journals Exercise and human gut microbiota: a systemic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiwen Xu ◽  
Lourdes Ortiz Álvarez ◽  
Borja Martínez-Téllez ◽  
Jonatan Ruiz Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Microbial Ecosystem ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

AbstractBackground:Eubiosis is the intestinal microbial ecosystem balance between human and microorganisms, whereas a disbalance in this intestinal microbial ecosystem is known as dysbiosis. The relationship between exercise with gut microbiota in humans is poorly studied, although it seems that one of the possible ways to restore eubiosis could be via exercise. This systematic review aimed to examine the scientific literature available on the influence of exercise in the gut microbiota of healthy adults.Methods:A systematic and comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science (WOS) from their inception to April 2019. Search terms used were: “Gastrointestinal Microbiome”, “Fecal Microbiota”, “Cecal Microbiota”, “Faecal Microbiota, “Exercises”, “Training” and “Human”.Results:The initial search retrieved 218 articles and 15 met the inclusion criteria of which 9 were cross-sectional, 3 acute and 3 chronic exercise interventions. Higher levels of physical activity or VO2max were positively associated with alpha-diversity in the 85.7% of the cross-sectional studies (n = 6). We found controversial findings between levels of physical activity or VO2max with Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria phylum over cross-sectional studies. However, some studies found that higher levels of physical activity or VO2max were positively related with Verrumicrobia and Actinobacteria, as well as their levels increased after the exercise interventions studies. Furthermore, higher levels of physical activity or VO2max were positively related with short-chain-fatty-acids (SCFAs), as well as their levels increased after a chronic intervention.Discussion:The muscle-gut axis is based on the contraction of skeletal muscle during exercise due to the release of myokines. This myokines that seem to play a role in mediating the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in the gut during exercise. GLP-1 is one of the key incretins involved in the whole-body metabolism. On other hand, the gut-muscle axis, relies that the gut microbiota is able to produce SCFAs, which are mediator of mitochondrial energy metabolism in skeletal muscles.Conclusion:Higher levels of physical activity or VO2max are positively related with higher levels of alpha diversity and some phylum in healthy adults. Moreover, both acute and chronic exercises only influence some phylum. However, the high heterogeneity between studies hampers to draw stronger conclusions. Therefore, further studies are needed to understand the possible mechanism about how exercise could affect healthy human gut microbiota.

scholarly journals The effects of physical activity on human gut microbiota composition: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Dorelli ◽  
M Iachini ◽  
M Zaccarin ◽  
J Preziosi Standoli ◽  
F Galle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background Gut microbiota development and composition can be influenced by an existing dynamic balance between host physiology and lifestyle. This systematic review aims to assess the impact of physical activity on human gut microbiota. Methods PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched until May 2019. Full-text in English were recruited if focused on gut microbiota in healthy athletes or active people, without age or gender restrictions, collected on faecal samples and analysed with genome sequencing of rRNA 16S. All types of study design were included as long as they performed a comparison with a sedentary control group. No specific time frame for the publication date was applied. Quality assessment was performed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies (2017) and Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Controlled Trials. Results The analysis yielded 7/985 articles: five cross-sectional studies and two clinical trials, published from 2014 to 2019. The overall methodological assessment was of fair quality. Types of exercise included in the studies were: rugby, running, aerobic exercise, bodybuilding. More in detail, regarding the exercise load, some studies were conducted on elite professional athletes, such as rugby players, marathon runners or bodybuilders, with rigorous training, while other studies included a few weeks of aerobic and resistance training at a moderate intensity. Shannon diversity index increased in three studies. Concerning phyla, Firmicutes were increased in five studies and three studies described a significant decrease in Bacteroides. Conclusions This systematic review confirms the direct correlation between microbiota composition and physical activity, but further studies are needed to establish the possible presence of a causal link between the two factors. Key messages Exercise can play an important role as an environmental factor in determining gut microbiota composition. Further studies are needed to gain robust evidence of physical activity influence on gut microbiota variability.

scholarly journals Can Physical Activity Influence Human Gut Microbiota Composition Independently of Diet? A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1890
Author(s):  
Barbara Dorelli ◽  
Francesca Gallè ◽  
Corrado De Vito ◽  
Guglielmo Duranti ◽  
Matteo Iachini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) influences the human gut microbiota composition, but its role is unclear because of dietary interference. The aim of this review is to clarify this issue from this new perspective in healthy individuals. Articles analyzing intestinal microbiota from fecal samples by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing were selected by searching the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science until December 2020. For each study, methodological quality was assessed, and results about microbiota biodiversity indices, phylum and genus composition, and information on PA and diet were considered. From 997 potentially relevant articles, 10 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Five studies involved athletes, three were performed on active people classified on the basis of habitual PA level, and two among sedentary subjects undergoing exercise interventions. The majority of the studies reported higher variability and prevalence of the phylum Firmicutes (genera Ruminococcaceae or Fecalibacteria) in active compared to inactive individuals, especially in athletes. The assessment of diet as a possible confounder of PA/exercise effects was completed only in four studies. They reported a similar abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Paraprevotellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Veillonellaceae, which are involved in metabolic, protective, structural, and histological functions. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Sex differences in the phylum‐level human gut microbiota composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Koliada ◽  
Vladislav Moseiko ◽  
Mariana Romanenko ◽  
Oleh Lushchak ◽  
Nadiia Kryzhanovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total N ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background Evidence was previously provided for sex-related differences in the human gut microbiota composition, and sex-specific discrepancy in hormonal profiles was proposed as a main determinant of these differences. On the basis of these findings, the assumption was made on the role of microbiota in the sexual dimorphism of human diseases. To date, sex differences in fecal microbiota were demonstrated primarily at lower taxonomic levels, whereas phylum-level differences between sexes were reported in few studies only. In the present population-based cross-sectional research, sex differences in the phylum-level human gut microbiota composition were identified in a large (total n = 2301) sample of relatively healthy individuals from Ukraine. Results Relative abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, as determined by qRT-PCR, were found to be significantly increased, while that of Bacteroidetes was significantly decreased in females compared to males. The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was significantly increased in females compared to males. Females had 31 % higher odds of having F/B ratio more than 1 than males. This trend was evident in all age groups. The difference between sexes was even more pronounced in the elder individuals (50+): in this age group, female participants had 56 % higher odds of having F/B ratio > 1 than the male ones. Conclusions In conclusion, sex-specific differences in the phylum-level intestinal microbiota composition were observed in the Ukraine population. The F/B ratio was significantly increased in females compared to males. Further investigation is needed to draw strong conclusions regarding the mechanistic basis for sex-specific differences in the gut microbiota composition and regarding the role of these differences in the initiation and progression of human chronic diseases.

scholarly journals DETERMINING RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA, AGE, GENDER AND LIFESTYLE PATTERN AS A PREDICTOR FOR BMI USING LOGMPIE DATA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Komal Jani ◽  
Shelly Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lifestyle Pattern

We use the ‘Relative Abundance Table’ and ‘LogMPIE Study Metadata’ from the “Landscape of Gut Microbiome - Pan-India Exploration”, or LogMPIE dataset to find out the relative importance of human gut microbiota abundance (specifically genus), age, gender, and lifestyle pattern as a predictor for BMI (Body Mass Index). The LogMPIE data is taken from 1004 subjects and 993 unique microorganisms are reported along with BMI, age, and physical activity. We use Random Forest Regressor to find out the relative importance of the above-mentioned features (microorganism genus abundance, age, gender, and lifestyle pattern) in predicting the BMI of a subject. The objective here is not the prediction of BMI using the features but to find out the relative importance of these features as much as these affect the BMI.

scholarly journals Ramadan Fasting Leads to Shifts in Human Gut Microbiota Structured by Dietary Composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikram Ali ◽  
Ke Liu ◽  
Danfeng Long ◽  
Shah Faisal ◽  
Mian Gul Hilal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Dietary Composition ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Ramadan Fasting ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chinese Group

The structure and diversity of human gut microbiota are directly related to diet, though less is known about the influences of ethnicity and diet-related behaviors, such as fasting (intermittent caloric restriction). In this study, we investigated whether fasting for Ramadan altered the microbiota in Chinese and Pakistani individuals. Using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and self-reported dietary intake surveys, we determined that both the microbiota and dietary composition were significantly different with little overlap between ethnic groups. Principal Coordinate Analyses (PCoA) comparison of samples collected from both groups before and after fasting showed partial separation of microbiota related to fasting in the Pakistani group, but not in the Chinese group. Measurement of alpha diversity showed that Ramadan fasting significantly altered the coverage and ACE indices among Chinese subjects, but otherwise incurred no changes among either group. Specifically, Prevotella and Faecalibacterium drove predominance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in the Pakistani group, while Bacteroides (phylum Bacteroidetes) were the most prevalent among Chinese participants both before and after fasting. We observed significant enrichment of some specific taxa and depletion of others in individuals of both populations, suggesting that fasting could affect beta diversity. Notably, Dorea, Klebsiella, and Faecalibacterium were more abundant in the Chinese group after fasting, while Sutterella, Parabacteroides, and Alistipes were significantly enriched after fasting in the Pakistani group. Evaluation of the combined groups showed that genera Coprococcus, Clostridium_XlV, and Lachnospiracea were all significantly decreased after fasting. Analysis of food intake and macronutrient energy sources showed that fat-derived energy was positively associated with Oscillibacter and Prevotella, but negatively associated with Bacteroides. In addition, the consumption of sweets was significantly positively correlated with the prevalence of Akkermansia. Our study indicated that diet was the most significant influence on microbiota, and correlated with ethnic groups, while fasting led to enrichment of specific bacterial taxa in some individuals. Given the dearth of understanding about the impacts of fasting on microbiota, our results provide valuable inroads for future study aimed at novel, personalized, behavior-based treatments targeting specific gut microbes for prevention or treatment of digestive disorders.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Autoimmunity-Associated Ancestral HLA Haplotype AH8.1 on the Human Gut Microbiota: A Cross-Sectional Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e0133804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes R. Hov ◽  
Huanzi Zhong ◽  
Bingcai Qin ◽  
Jarl Andreas Anmarkrud ◽  
Kristian Holm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota

scholarly journals Influence of Exercise on the Human Gut Microbiota of Healthy Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e00126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourdes Ortiz-Alvarez ◽  
Huiwen Xu ◽  
Borja Martinez-Tellez
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota, Microbial Metabolites and Human Physical Performance

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 716
Author(s):  
Sanna Lensu ◽  
Satu Pekkala
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
And Performance

Trillions of microbes inhabiting the gut modulate the metabolism of the host. Cross-sectional studies have reported associations between physical performance and the gut microbiota (GM). Physical activity seems to increase GM diversity and the abundance of certain health-beneficial microbes. We reviewed the evidence from longitudinal studies on the connection between physically active lifestyle or long-term exercise interventions and the GM. We made literature searches using databases of Web of Science and PubMed Medline to collect human studies showing or not the associations between the GM and exercise. Many controversies exist in the studies. However, the longitudinal studies show that frequently, medium-intensity endurance exercise has yielded most beneficial effects on the GM, but the results vary depending on the study population and exercise protocol. In addition, the literature shows that certain microbes own the potency to increase physical activity and performance. Generally, a physically active lifestyle and exercise associate with a “healthy” GM. However, in previously sedentary subjects, the exercise-induced improvements in the GM seem to disappear unless the active lifestyle is continued. Unfortunately, several studies are not controlled for the diet. Thus, in the future, more longitudinal studies on the GM and physical performance are needed, with detailed dietary information.

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