scholarly journals Characterization of Supragingival Plaque and Oral Swab Microbiomes in Children With Severe Early Childhood Caries

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivianne Cruz de Jesus ◽  
Mohd Wasif Khan ◽  
Betty-Anne Mittermuller ◽  
Kangmin Duan ◽  
Pingzhao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Oral Swab ◽  
Supragingival Plaque ◽  
Severe Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Childhood Caries

The human oral cavity harbors one of the most diverse microbial communities with different oral microenvironments allowing the colonization of unique microbial species. This study aimed to determine which of two commonly used sampling sites (dental plaque vs. oral swab) would provide a better prediction model for caries-free vs. severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) using next generation sequencing and machine learning (ML). In this cross-sectional study, a total of 80 children (40 S-ECC and 40 caries-free) < 72 months of age were recruited. Supragingival plaque and oral swab samples were used for the amplicon sequencing of the V4-16S rRNA and ITS1 rRNA genes. The results showed significant differences in alpha and beta diversity between dental plaque and oral swab bacterial and fungal microbiomes. Differential abundance analyses showed that, among others, the cariogenic species Streptococcus mutans was enriched in the dental plaque, compared to oral swabs, of children with S-ECC. The fungal species Candida dubliniensis and C. tropicalis were more abundant in the oral swab samples of children with S-ECC compared to caries-free controls. They were also among the top 20 most important features for the classification of S-ECC vs. caries-free in oral swabs and for the classification of dental plaque vs. oral swab in the S-ECC group. ML approaches revealed the possibility of classifying samples according to both caries status and sampling sites. The tested site of sample collection did not change the predictability of the disease. However, the species considered to be important for the classification of disease in each sampling site were slightly different. Being able to determine the origin of the samples could be very useful during the design of oral microbiome studies. This study provides important insights into the differences between the dental plaque and oral swab bacteriome and mycobiome of children with S-ECC and those caries-free.

scholarly journals Bacterial diversity and functional analysis of severe early childhood caries and recurrence in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Balakrishnan Kalpana ◽  
Puniethaa Prabhu ◽  
Ashaq Hussain Bhat ◽  
Arunsaikiran Senthilkumar ◽  
Raj Pranap Arun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Severe Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Childhood Caries

AbstractDental caries is the most prevalent oral disease affecting nearly 70% of children in India and elsewhere. Micro-ecological niche based acidification due to dysbiosis in oral microbiome are crucial for caries onset and progression. Here we report the tooth bacteriome diversity compared in Indian children with caries free (CF), severe early childhood caries (SC) and recurrent caries (RC). High quality V3–V4 amplicon sequencing revealed that SC exhibited high bacterial diversity with unique combination and interrelationship. Gracillibacteria_GN02 and TM7 were unique in CF and SC respectively, while Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria were significantly high in RC. Interestingly, we found Streptococcus oralis subsp. tigurinus clade 071 in all groups with significant abundance in SC and RC. Positive correlation between low and high abundant bacteria as well as with TCS, PTS and ABC transporters were seen from co-occurrence network analysis. This could lead to persistence of SC niche resulting in RC. Comparative in vitro assessment of biofilm formation showed that the standard culture of S. oralis and its phylogenetically similar clinical isolates showed profound biofilm formation and augmented the growth and enhanced biofilm formation in S. mutans in both dual and multispecies cultures.

Oral Microbiome in Children with Caries: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 981 ◽  
pp. 271-279
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zaki Ramli ◽  
Nina Suhaity Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Childhood Caries

Oral caries remains a significant public health problem and affects children with early childhood caries (ECC) and severe early childhood caries (S-ECC). However, the mechanisms of these complex multi-species communities are not well understood. This article systematically reviews the studies involving children with caries to learn the demographics of the subjects, their subjects and types of sample, the methodological approaches undertaken, the main findings, and eventually to make recommendations for future research. A search using a designated search string in the Web of Science resulted in 148 articles. A careful examination of each article based on the inclusion criteria resulted in a final 40 articles. Most of the studies were conducted in the United States and China. The studies involved mostly, but not exclusively, children with primary dentition and were having caries. Different types of subjects were sampled from different racial backgrounds and diseases. Different samples were collected, such as supragingival plaque, saliva and biofilm. Clonal analyses and anaerobic approaches were used to characterise the oral microbiome, including shotgun sequencing, pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes, and Pacbio sequencing. Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were among the phyla commonly reported by the studies. Streptococcus mutans was a key aetiologic agent in the development of caries, besides Veillonella, Prevotella spp. and Lactobacillus spp. Some studies developed models and discussed the applications of oral microbiome in relation to diseases. We recommend further reviews on studies strictly on children with caries and studies involving children only for a better generalisation of the findings. More studies relating oral microbiome with dietary intake and other diseases can also be conducted.

Magnetic Bead-Based Salivary Peptidome Profiling Analysis for Severe Early Childhood Caries

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Si ◽  
Shuang Ao ◽  
Weijian Wang ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
Shuguo Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Peptide Mass ◽  
Severe Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Childhood Caries

Objective: To investigate the differential salivary protein expression profiles between children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and caries-free (CF) children at the age of 3 years. Methods: We used matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) combined with weak cation exchange magnetic beads, and peptide mass fingerprints were created by scanning mass spectrometry signals. Salivary samples from 20 children were analyzed (10 for each group). Results: Eleven protein peaks were significantly different (p < 0.05) between the two groups. Eight of these peaks were higher in the S-ECC group and three were higher in the CF group. To establish a diagnostic model for discrimination between the two groups, we chose three peptides (3,186.2, 3,195.8 and 3,324.8 Da) that exhibited the best fitted curve, by which the two groups were better separated when compared with other combinations. Conclusions: The salivary biomarkers identified revealed significant differences between the CF and the S-ECC group. Our results provide novel insight into the salivary protein profile of preschool-age children with dental caries and may lead to the development of a new strategy for screening high-risk populations.

scholarly journals Dental Treatments under the General Anesthesia in a Child with Keratitis, Ichthyosis, and Deafness Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sera Sımsek Derelioglu ◽  
Yücel Yılmaz ◽  
Sultan Keles
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Case Report ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Sensorineural Deafness ◽  
Oral Symptoms ◽  
Severe Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Childhood Caries

KID syndrome is a rare genodermatosis characterized by keratitis, ichthyosis, and sensorineural deafness. Although the dermatological, ophthalmologic, and sensorineural defects are emphasized in the literature, oral and dental evaluations are so superficial. In this case report, dental and oral symptoms of a three year and five months old boy with KID syndrome, suffering severe Early Childhood Caries (s-ECC) and dental treatments done under General Anesthesia (GA) were reported.

scholarly journals Relationship between Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans in early childhood caries, evaluated by quantitative PCR

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang W. Bachtiar ◽  
Boy M. Bachtiar
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Unstimulated Saliva ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Childhood Caries

Background:The aim of this study was to analyze the synergistic relationship betweenCandida albicansandStreptococcus mutansin children with early childhood caries (ECC) experience.Methods:Dental plaque and unstimulated saliva samples were taken from 30 subjects aged 3-5 years old, half with (n=15, dmft > 4) and half without (n=15) ECC. The abundance ofC. albicansandS. mutansand relative to total bacteria load were quantify by real-time PCR (qPCR). This method was also employed to investigate the mRNA expression of glycosyltransferase (gtfB) gene in dental plaque. Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation were used to perform statistical analysis.Results:Within the ECC group, the quantity of both microorganisms were higher in the saliva than in dental plaque. The ratio ofC. albicansto total bacteria was higher in saliva than in plaque samples (p < 0.05). We observed the opposite forS. mutans(p < 0.05). The different value ofC. albicansandS. mutansin saliva was positively correlated, and negatively correlated in dental plaque. Transcription level ofS. mutans gtfBshowed a positive correlation withC. albicansconcentration in dental plaque. Conclusion:C. albicanshas a positive correlation with cariogenic traits ofS. mutansin ECC-related biofilm of young children.

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