scholarly journals The Microbiome–Gut–Brain Axis, a Potential Therapeutic Target for Substance-Related Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Fu ◽  
Ti Chen ◽  
Jingda Cai ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Yaohui Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Substance Addiction ◽  
Individual Susceptibility ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Substance Related Disorders

Substance addiction is a complex worldwide public health problem. It endangers both personal life and social stability, causing great loss on economy. Substance-related disorder is considered to be a complicated chronic brain disorder. It resulted from interactions among pharmacological properties of addictive substances, individual susceptibility, and social–environmental factors. Unfortunately, there is still no ideal treatment for this disorder. Recent lines of evidence suggest that gut microbiome may play an important role in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, including substance-related disorders. This review summarizes the research on the relationship between gut microbiome and substance-related disorders, including different types of substance, different individual susceptibility, and the occurrence and development of substance-induced mental disorders. We also discuss the potentiation of gut microbiome in the treatment of substance-related disorders, especially in the treatment of substance-induced mental disorders and manipulation on individuals’ responsiveness to addictive substances.

scholarly journals Antibiotic perturbation of the murine gut microbiome introduces inter-individual susceptibility to arsenic

Toxicology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 456 ◽  
pp. 152798
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Roggenbeck ◽  
Lila K. Bull Chief ◽  
Seth T. Walk
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Individual Susceptibility

Gut Feeling

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S504-S505
Author(s):  
C. Cotta ◽  
G. Jesus ◽  
V. Vila Nova ◽  
C. Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Antibiotic Drugs ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionThere is growing evidence of the importance of nutrition in mental disorders. Gut microbiota, influenced by environmental factors such as diet and stress, has been proposed as one of the players on a dynamic called gut-brain axis, which is thought to have an influence on behaviour and mental health.Objectives and aimsTo summarize recent evidence on the topic, and its potential role in psychiatric interventions.MethodsThe authors review updated literature collected from online scientific databases.ResultsThe development of the brain itself has been shown to be influenced by the gut microbiome. Research demonstrates that the composition of the microbiota has influence on behaviour through neuroendocrine and other neuroactive messengers production by the bacteria within the gut lumen. Studies in germ-free animals, animals exposed to bacterial infections, probiotic suplements or antibiotic drugs suggest a role for the gut microbiota in the regulation of anxiety, mood, cognition and pain. The gut microbiome has been implicated in brain disorders including anxiety and depression, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and autism.ConclusionsThe treatment of mental disorders is usually based on pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions, and little attention is given to dietary interventions. The emerging field of research focused on the human microbiome suggests an important role for the gut microbiota in influencing brain development, behaviour and mood in humans, and points new strategies for developing novel therapeutics for mental disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Individual susceptibility to arsenic-induced diseases: the role of host genetics, nutritional status, and the gut microbiome

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 63-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Chi ◽  
Bei Gao ◽  
Pengcheng Tu ◽  
Chih-Wei Liu ◽  
Jingchuan Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Host Genetics ◽  
Individual Susceptibility

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and the Gut Microbiome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey M. Loupy ◽  
Christopher A. Lowry
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Glucocorticoid Signaling ◽  
System Functioning

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma- and stressor-related disorder that is often associated with the dysregulation of multiple physiological systems, including autonomic nervous system functioning, glucocorticoid signaling, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Recent evidence suggests that persons with a diagnosis of PTSD also exhibit alterations in the composition of gut microbiomes compared to people who are trauma-exposed but do not develop PTSD. The bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome, the gut, and the brain, deemed the microbiome-gut-brain (MGB) axis, is composed of neural, neuroendocrine, and immune processes that both impact and respond to the structure of the gut microbiome. This chapter aims to outline (1) the ways in which trauma and stressor exposure may impact the gut microbiome; (2) the ways in which gut microbiome composition may influence brain function, including anxiety, and fear responses; and (3) how the bidirectional MGB axis, through interactions with several physiological circuits, may determine individual variability in resilience versus vulnerability to development of PTSD after trauma exposure.

scholarly journals O3E.2 Risk of mental health disorders in human service occupations: a register based study of 445,651 norwegians

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A30.1-A30
Author(s):  
Petter Kristensen ◽  
Therese N Hanvold ◽  
Rachel L Hasting ◽  
Suzanne L Merkus ◽  
Ingrid S Mehlum
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Human Service ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Patient Contact ◽  
Customer Contact ◽  
Related Disorder

ObjectivesMental disorders contribute strongly to disability. Work in human service occupations has been considered a risk factor in several studies. We aimed at quantifying this relationship in a prospective follow-up of all employed persons born in Norway, 1967–1976.MethodsWe conducted follow-up in several national registries. Based upon the ISCO98 four-digit code, we classified 2007 occupations into customer contact, client/patient contact, and reference (no contact). Client/patient contact was subdivided into health care, education and social work. We collected mental disorder diagnoses (ICD-10 F00-F99), in particular affective (F30-F39) and stress-related (F40-F48), in the Norwegian Patient Registry, 2008–2011. Four-year prevalence differences (PD) per 100 across occupational categories were estimated in binomial regression models adjusted for year of birth, marital history, current family pattern, and education level.ResultsAmong 4 45 651 employed persons, 18% held customer-related occupations while 25% held occupations with client/patient contact. The total four-year prevalence of mental disorder was 8.6/100 (38,207 patients). Affective and stress-related prevalences were 5.3 and 6.5 for women, and 3.0 and 3.2 for men, respectively. Adjusted PD estimates showed positive associations between client/patient contact occupations and mental disorders: for women, affective and stress-related disorder PD estimates were 1.1 (95% confidence interval (CI); 0.9–1.3) and 1.3 (CI; 1.0–1.5), respectively. The corresponding PD estimates for men were 1.7 (CI; 1.5–2.0) and 1.5 (CI; 1.2–1.7). We found strongest associations for women in social work (PD 2.3 for stress-related disorders) and men in health care (PD 2.6 for affective disorders). Associations with other mental disorder categories were weak, as were associations with customer contact occupations.ConclusionsAffective and stress-related morbidity was clearly associated with occupations involving client/patient contact for both sexes. We cannot dismiss health selection as an alternative to a causal effect of work-related factors. This register-based study is not well suited to provide mechanistic explanations.

scholarly journals Mentally Sick or Not—(Bio)Markers of Psychiatric Disorders Needed

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Napoleon Waszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Major Depression Disorder ◽  
Wide Group ◽  
Substance Related Disorders ◽  
Depression Disorder

Psychiatric disorders, also called mental illnesses or mental disorders, constitute a wide group of disorders including major depression disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SCZ) and other psychoses, anxiety disorders (ANX), substance-related disorders (SRD), dementia, developmental disorders e [...]

Prevalence of Mental Disorders in the Elderly in the Community of Madrid: Results of the Mentdis_ICF65+ Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berta Ausín ◽  
Manuel Muñoz ◽  
Ana Belén Santos-Olmo ◽  
Eloísa Pérez-Santos ◽  
Miguel A. Castellanos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe MentDis_ICF65+ Project is an epidemiological study of mental disorders in people 65 to 85 years old in several European cities, including Madrid. Its aim is to determine the lifetime, 12-month, and 1-month prevalence of the main mental disorders in the elderly. The relationship of age and sex with each mental disorder was examined. The sample was collected through random sampling of people over 65 in Madrid, and consisted of 555 persons between 65 and 85 years old. The CIDI65+ was administered. Estimates of prevalence and odds ratios (OR) were made using sample frequencies and according to sex and age. Excluding nicotine dependence, 40.12% of the sample was found to have suffered a mental disorder at some time in their lives, 29.89% in the past year, and 17.70% were currently suffering from a mental disorder. The disorders with the highest prevalence rates were anxiety disorders, alcohol-related disorders, and mood disorders. Elderly women had a higher risk of suffering an anxiety disorder (OR men/women 0.42; CI 0.25–0.68) with a significance level of p < .001, while elderly men were more affected by any substance-related disorder (OR men/women 3.96; CI 1.62–11.07) with a significance level of p < .001. Each disorder’s prevalence decreased with age (OR 65–74/75–85, 1.85; CI 1.25–2.75) with a significance level of p < .01. Results show higher prevalence rates than previous studies reported. The main implications of this study, and the need to adapt mental health services for people over 65, are highlighted.

Ordering Disorder

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Graham
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Type A ◽  
The Other ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Brain

The basic claims of the chapter are, first, that mental disorders are not best understood as types of brain disorder, even though mental disorders are based in the brain. And, second, that the difference between the two sorts of disorders can be illuminated by the sorts of treatment or therapy that may work for the one type (a mental disorder) but not for the other type (a brain disorder). In the discussion some of the diagnostic implications and difficulties associated with these two basic claims are outlined.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with low back pain among nurses at a regional hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thembelihle Dlungwane ◽  
Anna Voce ◽  
Stephen Knight
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Clinical Records

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a public health problem worldwide and is a common cause of work-related disorder among workers, especially in the nursing profession. Recruitment and retention of nurses is a challenge, and the nursing shortage has been exacerbated by the burden of occupational injuries such as LBP and related disabilities. The physiotherapy clinical records revealed that caseload of nurses presenting for the management of LBP was increasing. The prevalence and factors associated with LBP were unclear.Methods: A cross-sectional study design with an analytic component was implemented. Data were collected utilising a self-administered questionnaire to determine the prevalence and factors associated with LBP among nurses at a regional hospital. Bivariate analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with LBP.Results: The point prevalence of current LBP in nurses was 59%. The highest prevalence was recorded among enrolled nurses (54%), respondents aged 30–39 (46%), overweight respondents (58%) and those working in obstetrics and gynaecology (49%). Bending (p = 0.002), prolonged position (p = 0.03) and transferring patients (p = 0.004) were strongly associated with LBP. Nurses with more than 20 years in the profession reported a high prevalence of LBP. The prevalence of LBP was higher among the participants who were on six-month rotations (76%) compared with those on yearly rotation (16%).Conclusion: A high proportion of nurses reported to have LBP. Occupational factors are strongly associated with LBP. Education programmes on prevention and workplace interventions are required in order to reduce occupational injuries.

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