scholarly journals Multidisciplinary Tinnitus Research: Challenges and Future Directions From the Perspective of Early Stage Researchers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Piano Simoes ◽  
Elza Daoud ◽  
Maryam Shabbir ◽  
Sana Amanat ◽  
Kelly Assouly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Treatment Development ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Tinnitus can be a burdensome condition on both individual and societal levels. Many aspects of this condition remain elusive, including its underlying mechanisms, ultimately hindering the development of a cure. Interdisciplinary approaches are required to overcome long-established research challenges. This review summarizes current knowledge in various tinnitus-relevant research fields including tinnitus generating mechanisms, heterogeneity, epidemiology, assessment, and treatment development, in an effort to highlight the main challenges and provide suggestions for future research to overcome them. Four common themes across different areas were identified as future research direction: (1) Further establishment of multicenter and multidisciplinary collaborations; (2) Systematic reviews and syntheses of existing knowledge; (3) Standardization of research methods including tinnitus assessment, data acquisition, and data analysis protocols; (4) The design of studies with large sample sizes and the creation of large tinnitus-specific databases that would allow in-depth exploration of tinnitus heterogeneity.

scholarly journals Structural and Functional Remodeling of Mitochondria in Cardiac Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4167
Author(s):  
Xiaonan Sun ◽  
Jalen Alford ◽  
Hongyu Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Functional Remodeling ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Mitochondrial Remodeling ◽  
Normal Cellular Function

Mitochondria undergo structural and functional remodeling to meet the cell demand in response to the intracellular and extracellular stimulations, playing an essential role in maintaining normal cellular function. Merging evidence demonstrated that dysregulation of mitochondrial remodeling is a fundamental driving force of complex human diseases, highlighting its crucial pathophysiological roles and therapeutic potential. In this review, we outlined the progress of the molecular basis of mitochondrial structural and functional remodeling and their regulatory network. In particular, we summarized the latest evidence of the fundamental association of impaired mitochondrial remodeling in developing diverse cardiac diseases and the underlying mechanisms. We also explored the therapeutic potential related to mitochondrial remodeling and future research direction. This updated information would improve our knowledge of mitochondrial biology and cardiac diseases’ pathogenesis, which would inspire new potential strategies for treating these diseases by targeting mitochondria remodeling.

scholarly journals CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (24) ◽  
pp. 1092-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Konno ◽  
Koji Kasanuki ◽  
Takeshi Ikeuchi ◽  
Dennis W. Dickson ◽  
Zbigniew K. Wszolek
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Extrapyramidal Signs ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Since the discovery of CSF1R gene mutations in families with hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids in 2012, more than 70 different mutations have been identified around the world. Through the analyses of mutation carriers, CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy has been distinctly characterized clinically, radiologically, and pathologically. Typically, patients present with frontotemporal dementia-like phenotype in their 40s–50s, accompanied by motor symptoms, including pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs. Women tend to develop the clinical symptoms at a younger age than men. On brain imaging, in addition to white matter abnormalities, thinning of the corpus callosum, diffusion-restricted lesions in the white matter, and brain calcifications are hallmarks. Primary axonopathy followed by demyelination was suggested by pathology. Haploinsufficiency of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) is evident in a patient with a frameshift mutation, facilitating the establishment of Csf1r haploinsufficient mouse model. These mice develop clinical, radiologic, and pathologic phenotypes consistent with those of human patients with CSF1R mutations. In vitro, perturbation of CSF1R signaling is shown in cultured cells expressing mutant CSF1R. However, the underlying mechanisms by which CSF1R mutations selectively lead to white matter degeneration remains to be elucidated. Given that CSF1R mainly expresses in microglia, CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy is representative of primary microgliopathies, of which microglia have a pivotal and primary role in pathogenesis. In this review, we address the current knowledge of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy and discuss the putative pathophysiology, with a focus on microglia, as well as future research directions.

scholarly journals Characteristics and trend analysis of Chinese tourism academic research Based on CNKI (1992-2018) bibliometric analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 02040
Author(s):  
Lihui Yang ◽  
Linshan Li
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Tourism Research ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

Based on the retrieval of journals published on CNKI in the field of tourism, and the statistical analysis by Cite Space, this paper finds that: (1) in terms of the number of published papers, tourism research can be divided into three stages: infancy period in 1992-2000; Steady growth period in 2001-2011 years; Rapid decline period in 2012-2018 years. (2) The key institutions of tourism research are institutions of higher learning, among which Shaanxi Normal University and Zhongshan University have obvious institutional competitiveness. (3) Through the co-occurrence analysis of core authors and key words, eight core author groups and corresponding research fields can be divided. (4) The research direction of tourism mainly focuses on tourism industry, tourism resources, tourism development, tourist, the Belt and Road cultural tourism, rural tourism and city tourism. The future research will focus on the research direction of “big data”, “the Belt and Road tourism”, “poverty alleviation”, “global tourism” and “Rural Revitalization”.

scholarly journals Climate change and Canada’s north coast: research trends, progress, and future directions

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Ford ◽  
Nicole Couture ◽  
Trevor Bell ◽  
Dylan G. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Knowledge Mobilization ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches

This paper identifies and characterizes current knowledge on climate change impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability for Canada’s northern coastline, outlining key research gaps. Warming temperatures and increased precipitation have been documented across the northern coast, with the rate of sea ice decline ranging from 2.9% to 10.4% per decade. Storm intensity and frequency is increasing, and permafrost is warming across the region. Many of these changes are projected to accelerate in the future, with in excess of 8 °C warming in winter possible under a high-emission scenario by 2081–2100. Vulnerability to these changes differs by region and community, a function of geographic location, nature of climate change impacts, and human factors. Capacity to manage climate change is high in some sectors, such as subsistence harvesting, but is being undermined by long-term societal changes. In other sectors, such as infrastructure and transportation, limitations in climate risk management capacity result in continuing high vulnerabilities. There is evidence that adaptation is taking place in response to experienced and projected impacts, although readiness for adaptation is challenged by limited resources, institutional capacity, and a need for support for adaptation across levels of government. Priority areas for future research include (i) expanding the sectoral and geographic focus of understanding on climate change impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability; (ii) integrating climatic and socio-economic projections into vulnerability and adaptation assessments; (iii) developing an evidence base on adaptation options; and (iv) monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of adaptation support. Cross-cutting themes for advancing climate change impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability research on the north coast more broadly include the need for greater emphasis on interdisciplinary approaches and cross-cultural collaborations, support for decision-orientated research, and focus on effective knowledge mobilization.

Whole-body vibration in neonatal transport: a review of current knowledge and future research challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 105051 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Goswami ◽  
S. Redpath ◽  
R.G. Langlois ◽  
J.R. Green ◽  
K.S. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Neonatal Transport ◽  
Research Challenges

scholarly journals Obesity Reduces Cognitive and Motor Functions across the Lifespan

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanming Wang ◽  
John S. Y. Chan ◽  
Lijie Ren ◽  
Jin H. Yan
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Research Direction ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Motor Behaviors ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Due to a sedentary lifestyle, more and more people are becoming obese nowadays. In addition to health-related problems, obesity can also impair cognition and motor performance. Previous results have shown that obesity mainly affects cognition and motor behaviors through altering brain functions and musculoskeletal system, respectively. Many factors, such as insulin/leptin dysregulation and inflammation, mediate the effect of obesity and cognition and motor behaviors. Substantial evidence has suggested exercise to be an effective way to improve obesity and related cognitive and motor dysfunctions. This paper aims to discuss the association of obesity with cognition and motor behaviors and its underlying mechanisms. Following this, mechanisms of exercise to improve obesity-related dysfunctions are described. Finally, implications and future research direction are raised.

Recommend Strategies for E-Learning 2.0 Communities

2014 ◽  
Vol 568-570 ◽  
pp. 1547-1550
Author(s):  
Bing Wu ◽  
Chen Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Learning Communities ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Recommendation System ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Personalized Recommendation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
General Recommendation ◽  
E Learning

With the rapid progress of Web 2.0, E-Learning has evolved into E-Learning 2.0, which has been highlighted as an effective method for interactive learning. To improve the efficiency of learning, many researches focused on the personalized recommendation for knowledge sharing. However, these researches proposed the general recommendation system without considering the current knowledge sharing status in E-learning 2.0 communities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to proposed recommend strategies according to characteristics of E-Learning communities based on social network analysis. Firstly, knowledge activity nodes in E-Learning communities are identified into four types. Secondly, based on four node types, E-Learning communities are classified into four corresponding types. Then, different recommend strategies are provided according to the types of E-Learning communities. Finally, conclusion and future research direction are discussed in the end.

scholarly journals The next step: mechanisms driving adrenocortical carcinoma metastasis

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. R31-R48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enzo Lalli ◽  
Michaela Luconi
Keyword(s):  
Adrenocortical Carcinoma ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Endocrine Tumors ◽  
Metastatic Process ◽  
Carcinoma Metastasis ◽  
Space Occupation ◽  
Risk Of Relapse

Endocrine tumors have the peculiarity to become clinically evident not only due to symptoms related to space occupation by the growing lesion, similarly to most other tumors, but also, and most often, because of their specific hormonal secretion, which significantly contributes to their pathological burden. Malignant endocrine tumors, in addition, have the ability to produce distant metastases. Here, we critically review the current knowledge about mechanisms and biomarkers characterizing the metastatic process in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), a rare endocrine malignancy with a high risk of relapse and metastatization even when the primary tumor is diagnosed and surgically removed at an early stage. We highlight perspectives of future research in the domain and possible new therapeutic avenues based on targeting factors having an important role in the metastatic process of ACC.

scholarly journals O Brasil e as pesquisas em inovação aberta: Um estudo a partir dos Grupos de Pesquisa do CNPq │ Open innovation research in Brazil: a study on CNPq Research Groups

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Lucia da Silva ◽  
Liliane Vieira Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
National Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Innovation Research ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
The Status ◽  
Innovation Processes

RESUMO A inovação está relacionada ao desenvolvimento dos países e a inovação aberta é vista como um modelo que pressupõe a cooperação e interação entre empresas, universidades e consumidores nos processos de inovação. Dadas as possibilidades desse modelo, e do fato de que o Diretório de Grupos de Pesquisas do CNPq propiciou o registro da organização dos pesquisadores em grupos, o que evidenciou a sistematização das atividades de pesquisa do país nesse processo, procura-se levantar alguns indícios do desenvolvimento de pesquisas em inovação aberta no Brasil. A partir de registros desse diretório busca-se verificar quais os grupos de pesquisa do país possuem linhas de pesquisa voltadas ao estudo da inovação aberta e qual o estágio das pesquisas no Brasil nessa temática via levantamento da produção em artigos de periódicos dos pesquisadores identificados nessas linhas. Conclui que, embora existam grupos interessados na temática e linhas de pesquisa voltadas ao estudo da inovação aberta, a produção científica sobre o tema ainda é incipiente nessas linhas, indicando que no Brasil tais estudos encontram-se em estágio inicial ou não estão sendo produzidos em linhas específicas para esse fim e registradas nesse diretório.Palavras-chave: Inovação Aberta; Grupos de Pesquisa; Linhas de Pesquisa; Produção Científica. Brasil.ABSTRACT Innovation is related to national development and open innovation is seen as a model which presupposes cooperation and interaction among firms, universities and society in innovation processes. Given the possibilities of this model, and the fact that the CNPq Research Groups Directory provides a record of research groups' organization, we attempt to present data on the development of open innovation research in Brazil. Based on the Directory records, we seek to ascertain which research groups in the country have been doing research concerning open innovation and what is the status of research in Brazil on this theme by surveying production in journal articles from the researchers identified. We conclude that, although there are groups interested in the issue and in future research in the study of open innovation, scientific literature on the topic is still incipient in those topics, indicating that in Brazil such studies are at an early stage or are not being produced in specific fields for this purpose or registry in this directory.Keywords: Open Innovation; Research Groups; Research Fields; Scientific Production; Brazil.

scholarly journals Salivary Metabolomics: From Diagnostic Biomarker Discovery to Investigating Biological Function

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gardner ◽  
Guy Carpenter ◽  
Po-Wah So
Keyword(s):  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarker ◽  
Literature Base

Metabolomic profiling of biofluids, e.g., urine, plasma, has generated vast and ever-increasing amounts of knowledge over the last few decades. Paradoxically, metabolomic analysis of saliva, the most readily-available human biofluid, has lagged. This review explores the history of saliva-based metabolomics and summarizes current knowledge of salivary metabolomics. Current applications of salivary metabolomics have largely focused on diagnostic biomarker discovery and the diagnostic value of the current literature base is explored. There is also a small, albeit promising, literature base concerning the use of salivary metabolomics in monitoring athletic performance. Functional roles of salivary metabolites remain largely unexplored. Areas of emerging knowledge include the role of oral host–microbiome interactions in shaping the salivary metabolite profile and the potential roles of salivary metabolites in oral physiology, e.g., in taste perception. Discussion of future research directions describes the need to begin acquiring a greater knowledge of the function of salivary metabolites, a current research direction in the field of the gut metabolome. The role of saliva as an easily obtainable, information-rich fluid that could complement other gastrointestinal fluids in the exploration of the gut metabolome is emphasized.

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