Structural and Functional Remodeling of Mitochondria in Cardiac Diseases

Mitochondria undergo structural and functional remodeling to meet the cell demand in response to the intracellular and extracellular stimulations, playing an essential role in maintaining normal cellular function. Merging evidence demonstrated that dysregulation of mitochondrial remodeling is a fundamental driving force of complex human diseases, highlighting its crucial pathophysiological roles and therapeutic potential. In this review, we outlined the progress of the molecular basis of mitochondrial structural and functional remodeling and their regulatory network. In particular, we summarized the latest evidence of the fundamental association of impaired mitochondrial remodeling in developing diverse cardiac diseases and the underlying mechanisms. We also explored the therapeutic potential related to mitochondrial remodeling and future research direction. This updated information would improve our knowledge of mitochondrial biology and cardiac diseases’ pathogenesis, which would inspire new potential strategies for treating these diseases by targeting mitochondria remodeling.

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The Molecular Basis and Therapeutic Potential of Let-7 MicroRNAs against Colorectal Cancer

Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ◽

10.1155/2018/5769591 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Rei Mizuno ◽

Kenji Kawada ◽

Yoshiharu Sakai

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Molecular Basis ◽

Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽

Therapeutic Agent ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Noncoding Rnas ◽

Intestinal Tumorigenesis ◽

C Elegans ◽

Microrna Family ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Although a number of studies have revealed the underlying mechanisms which regulate the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), we have not completely overcome this disease yet. Accumulating evidence has shown that the posttranscriptional regulation by the noncoding RNAs such as microRNAs plays an important role in the development or progression of CRC. Among a number of microRNAs, the let-7 microRNA family that was first discovered in C. elegans and conserved from worms to humans has been linked with the development of many types of cancers including CRC. The expression level of let-7 microRNAs is temporally low during the normal developmental processes, while elevated in the differentiated tissues. The let-7 microRNAs regulate the cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, metabolism, and stemness. In CRC, expressions of let-7 microRNAs have been reported to be reduced, and so let-7 microRNAs are considered to be a tumor suppressor. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms regulating the let-7 microRNA expression and the downstream targets of let-7 in the context of intestinal tumorigenesis. The application of let-7 mimics is also highlighted as a novel therapeutic agent.

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Obesity Reduces Cognitive and Motor Functions across the Lifespan

Neural Plasticity ◽

10.1155/2016/2473081 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Chuanming Wang ◽

John S. Y. Chan ◽

Lijie Ren ◽

Jin H. Yan

Keyword(s):

Motor Performance ◽

Sedentary Lifestyle ◽

Research Direction ◽

Future Research ◽

Future Research Direction ◽

Substantial Evidence ◽

Motor Behaviors ◽

Brain Functions ◽

Health Related ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Due to a sedentary lifestyle, more and more people are becoming obese nowadays. In addition to health-related problems, obesity can also impair cognition and motor performance. Previous results have shown that obesity mainly affects cognition and motor behaviors through altering brain functions and musculoskeletal system, respectively. Many factors, such as insulin/leptin dysregulation and inflammation, mediate the effect of obesity and cognition and motor behaviors. Substantial evidence has suggested exercise to be an effective way to improve obesity and related cognitive and motor dysfunctions. This paper aims to discuss the association of obesity with cognition and motor behaviors and its underlying mechanisms. Following this, mechanisms of exercise to improve obesity-related dysfunctions are described. Finally, implications and future research direction are raised.

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Multidisciplinary Tinnitus Research: Challenges and Future Directions From the Perspective of Early Stage Researchers

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnagi.2021.647285 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Author(s):

Jorge Piano Simoes ◽

Elza Daoud ◽

Maryam Shabbir ◽

Sana Amanat ◽

Kelly Assouly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Current Knowledge ◽

Early Stage ◽

Research Direction ◽

Future Research ◽

Treatment Development ◽

Research Fields ◽

Research Challenges ◽

Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽

Assessment And Treatment ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Tinnitus can be a burdensome condition on both individual and societal levels. Many aspects of this condition remain elusive, including its underlying mechanisms, ultimately hindering the development of a cure. Interdisciplinary approaches are required to overcome long-established research challenges. This review summarizes current knowledge in various tinnitus-relevant research fields including tinnitus generating mechanisms, heterogeneity, epidemiology, assessment, and treatment development, in an effort to highlight the main challenges and provide suggestions for future research to overcome them. Four common themes across different areas were identified as future research direction: (1) Further establishment of multicenter and multidisciplinary collaborations; (2) Systematic reviews and syntheses of existing knowledge; (3) Standardization of research methods including tinnitus assessment, data acquisition, and data analysis protocols; (4) The design of studies with large sample sizes and the creation of large tinnitus-specific databases that would allow in-depth exploration of tinnitus heterogeneity.

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Revisiting floral fusion: the evolution and molecular basis of a developmental innovation

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/eraa125 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (12) ◽

pp. 3390-3404 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Heather R Phillips ◽

Jacob B Landis ◽

Chelsea D Specht

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factors ◽

Regulatory Network ◽

Molecular Basis ◽

Future Research ◽

Complex Structures ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Form Complex ◽

Floral Organs ◽

Nac Transcription Factors ◽

Gene Regulatory

Abstract Throughout the evolution of the angiosperm flower, developmental innovations have enabled the modification or elaboration of novel floral organs enabling subsequent diversification and expansion into new niches, for example the formation of novel pollinator relationships. One such developmental innovation is the fusion of various floral organs to form complex structures. Multiple types of floral fusion exist; each type may be the result of different developmental processes and is likely to have evolved multiple times independently across the angiosperm tree of life. The development of fused organs is thought to be mediated by the NAM/CUC3 subfamily of NAC transcription factors, which mediate boundary formation during meristematic development. The goal of this review is to (i) introduce the development of fused floral organs as a key ‘developmental innovation’, facilitated by a change in the expression of NAM/CUC3 transcription factors; (ii) provide a comprehensive overview of floral fusion phenotypes amongst the angiosperms, defining well-known fusion phenotypes and applying them to a systematic context; and (iii) summarize the current molecular knowledge of this phenomenon, highlighting the evolution of the NAM/CUC3 subfamily of transcription factors implicated in the development of fused organs. The need for a network-based analysis of fusion is discussed, and a gene regulatory network responsible for directing fusion is proposed to guide future research in this area.

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Fetal Immunomodulatory Environment Following Cartilage Injury—The Key to CARTILAGE Regeneration?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222312969 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (23) ◽

pp. 12969

Author(s):

Iris Ribitsch ◽

Andrea Bileck ◽

Monika Egerbacher ◽

Simone Gabner ◽

Rupert L. Mayer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Factors ◽

Acute Phase Proteins ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Cartilage Regeneration ◽

Research Direction ◽

Cartilage Injury ◽

Future Research ◽

Related Proteins

Fetal cartilage fully regenerates following injury, while in adult mammals cartilage injury leads to osteoarthritis (OA). Thus, in this study, we compared the in vivo injury response of fetal and adult ovine articular cartilage histologically and proteomically to identify key factors of fetal regeneration. In addition, we compared the secretome of fetal ovine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro with injured fetal cartilage to identify potential MSC-derived therapeutic factors. Cartilage injury caused massive cellular changes in the synovial membrane, with macrophages dominating the fetal, and neutrophils the adult, synovial cellular infiltrate. Correspondingly, proteomics revealed differential regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators and growth-factors between adult and fetal joints. Neutrophil-related proteins and acute phase proteins were the two major upregulated protein groups in adult compared to fetal cartilage following injury. In contrast, several immunomodulating proteins and growth factors were expressed significantly higher in the fetus than the adult. Comparison of the in vitro MSCs proteome with the in vivo fetal regenerative signature revealed shared upregulation of 17 proteins, suggesting their therapeutic potential. Biomimicry of the fetal paracrine signature to reprogram macrophages and modulate inflammation could be an important future research direction for developing novel therapeutics.

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ECONOMIC GROWTH ANALYSIS: A STUDY ON MALAYSIAN MARKET

e-Academia Journal ◽

10.24191/e-aj.v9i2.7379 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Suhaily Maizan Abdul Manaf ◽

Shuhada Mohamed Hamidi ◽

Nur Shafini Mohd Said ◽

Siti Rapidah Omar Ali ◽

Nur Dalila Adenan

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Foreign Direct Investment ◽

Direct Investment ◽

Inflation Rate ◽

Government Expenditure ◽

Correlation Method ◽

Research Direction ◽

Least Square ◽

Future Research ◽

Internal And External Factors

Economic performance of a country is mostly determined by the growth and any other internal and external factors. In this study, researchers purposely focused on Malaysian market by examining the relationship between export, inflation rate, government expenditure and foreign direct investment towards economic growth in Malaysia by applying the yearly data of 47 years from 1970 to 2016 using descriptive statistics, regression model and correlation method analysis. By applying Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method, the result suggests that export, government expenditure and foreign direct investment are positively and significantly correlated with the economic growth. However, inflation rate has negative and insignificant relationship with the economic growth. The outcome of the study is suggested to be useful in providing the future research direction towards the economic growth in Malaysia. Keywords: economic growth; export; inflation rate; government expenditure

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Review of Research Trends on Coaching Studies and Recommendations for Future Research Direction in Korea - Progress from 1995 to 2017 and Challenges -

Korean Journal of Resources Development ◽

10.24991/kjhrd.2018.09.21.3.249 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 249-313

Author(s):

Seong Jhin Joh ◽

Yi Su Jung

Keyword(s):

Research Direction ◽

Research Trends ◽

Future Research ◽

Future Research Direction

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Phytosomal Curcumin Elicits Anti-tumor Properties Through Suppression of Angiogenesis, Cell Proliferation and Induction of Oxidative Stress in Colorectal Cancer

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612825666190110145151 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (39) ◽

pp. 4626-4638 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Reyhaneh Moradi-Marjaneh ◽

Seyed M. Hassanian ◽

Farzad Rahmani ◽

Seyed H. Aghaee-Bakhtiari ◽

Amir Avan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Vegf Signaling ◽

Anticancer Effects ◽

Inhibition Of Angiogenesis ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Apoptotic Activity

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-associated mortality in the world. Anti-tumor effect of curcumin has been shown in different cancers; however, the therapeutic potential of novel phytosomal curcumin, as well as the underlying molecular mechanism in CRC, has not yet been explored. Methods: The anti-proliferative, anti-migratory and apoptotic activity of phytosomal curcumin in CT26 cells was assessed by MTT assay, wound healing assay and Flow cytometry, respectively. Phytosomal curcumin was also tested for its in-vivo activity in a xenograft mouse model of CRC. In addition, oxidant/antioxidant activity was examined by DCFH-DA assay in vitro, measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA), Thiol and superoxidedismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity and also evaluation of expression levels of Nrf2 and GCLM by qRT-PCR in tumor tissues. In addition, the effect of phytosomal curcumin on angiogenesis was assessed by the measurement of VEGF-A and VEGFR-1 and VEGF signaling regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) in tumor tissue. Results: Phytosomal curcumin exerts anti-proliferative, anti-migratory and apoptotic activity in-vitro. It also decreases tumor growth and augmented 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) anti-tumor effect in-vivo. In addition, our data showed that induction of oxidative stress and inhibition of angiogenesis through modulation of VEGF signaling regulatory miRNAs might be underlying mechanisms by which phytosomal curcumin exerted its antitumor effect. Conclusion: Our data confirmed this notion that phytosomal curcumin administrates anticancer effects and can be used as a complementary treatment in clinical settings.

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Phytochemical, Pharmacological Activities and Ayurvedic Significances of Magical Plant Mimosa pudica Linn

Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1570178617999200629155204 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Vijay Kumar

Keyword(s):

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Future Research ◽

Mimosa Pudica ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Medicinal Uses ◽

Traditional Medicines ◽

Crude Extracts ◽

Anti Cancer

: Mimosa pudica Linn is an integrated part of Traditional Medicines Systems of India, China, Africa, Korea and America. It has been used from centuries in traditional medicines to cure different diseases like fever, diabetes, constipation, jaundice, ulcers, biliousness, and dyspepsia. It is an important ingredient of wide class of herbal formulations. To assess the scientific evidence for therapeutic potential of Mimosa pudica Linn and to identify the gaps for future research. The available information on the ethno-medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Mimosa pudica Linn was collected via a library and electronic searches in Sci-Finder, Pub-Med, Science Direct, Google Scholar for the period, 1990 to 2020. In traditional medicinal systems, variety of ethno-medicinal applications of Mimosa pudica Linn has been noticed. Phytochemical investigation has resulted in identification of 40 well known chemical constituents, among which alkaloids, phenols and flavionoids are the predominant groups. The crude extracts and isolates have exhibited a wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, osteoporosis, neurological disorders, hypertension etc.. To quantify the Mimosa pudica Linn and its formulations, analytical techniques like HPLC and HPTLC has shown dominancy with good range of recovery and detection limit. Mimosa pudica Linn is the well-known herb since an ancient time. The pharmacological results supported some of the applications of Mimosa pudica Linn in traditional medicine systems. Perhaps, the predominance of alkaloids, phenols and flavionoids are responsible for the pharmacological activities the crude extracts and isolates of Mimosa pudica Linn. Further, there is need to isolate and evaluate the active chemical constituents of Mimosa pudica Linn having significant medicinal values. In future, it is important to study the exact mechanism associated with the phytochemicals of Mimosa pudica Linn especially on anti-cancer activities. Notably, toxicity studies on Mimosa pudica Linn are limited which are to be explored in future for the safe application of Mimosa pudica Linn and its formulations.

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