scholarly journals Emerging Impact of Non-coding RNAs in the Pathology of Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard ◽  
Zeinab Shirvani-Farsani ◽  
Bashdar Mahmud Hussen ◽  
Mohammad Taheri ◽  
Noormohammad Arefian
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Human Experiments ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Assessment Of Evidence ◽  
The Impact

Ischemic stroke (IS) is an acute cerebral vascular event with high mortality and morbidity. Though the precise pathophysiologic routes leading to this condition are not entirely clarified, growing evidence from animal and human experiments has exhibited the impact of non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of IS. Various lncRNAs namely MALAT1, linc-SLC22A2, linc-OBP2B-1, linc_luo_1172, linc-DHFRL1-4, SNHG15, linc-FAM98A-3, H19, MEG3, ANRIL, MIAT, and GAS5 are possibly involved in the pathogenesis of IS. Meanwhile, lots of miRNAs contribute in this process. Differential expression of lncRNAs and miRNAs in the sera of IS patients versus unaffected individuals has endowed these transcripts the aptitude to distinguish at risk patients. Despite conduction of comprehensive assays for evaluation of the influence of lncRNAs/miRNAs in the pathogenesis of IS, therapeutic impacts of these transcripts in IS have not been clarified. In the present paper, we review the impact of lncRNAs/miRNAs in the pathobiology of IS through assessment of evidence provided by human and animal studies.

scholarly journals Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Conferring Resistance in Tumors of the Nervous System

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard ◽  
Amin Agabalazadeh ◽  
Atefe Abak ◽  
Hamed Shoorei ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Hassanzadeh Taheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance

Tumors of the nervous system can be originated from several locations. They mostly have high mortality and morbidity rate. The emergence of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is a hurdle in the treatment of patients. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to influence the response of glioblastoma/glioma and neuroblastoma to chemotherapeutic agents. MALAT1, NEAT1, and H19 are among lncRNAs that affect the response of glioma/glioblastoma to chemotherapy. As well as that, NORAD, SNHG7, and SNHG16 have been shown to be involved in conferring this phenotype in neuroblastoma. Prior identification of expression amounts of certain lncRNAs would help in the better design of therapeutic regimens. In the current manuscript, we summarize the impact of lncRNAs on chemoresistance in glioma/glioblastoma and neuroblastoma.

scholarly journals The impact of intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke in National Medical College, Kolkata: initial experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1855
Author(s):  
Saikat Ghosh ◽  
Manoj Kr. Mahata ◽  
Sarbajit Das ◽  
K. C. Ghosh ◽  
R. Bhattacharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Intravenous Thrombolysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
National Medical College ◽  
Medical College ◽  
National Medical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Treatable Condition

Background: Acute ischemic stroke is a potentially treatable condition, if left untreated, lead to mortality and morbidity. This study was conducted to study clinical profile of patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving intravenous thrombolysis (r-TPA-alteplase) and to measure the outcome of thrombolysis.Methods: Retrospective observational study of 54 patients who underwent thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke at National Medical College, Kolkata over a period of one year.Results: There was statistically significant improvement in NIHSS (p value-0.000) after intravenous thrombolysis.Conclusions: IV thrombolysis is feasible for AIS in governmental hospital in India.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 epidemiology and monitoring ontology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Núria Queralt-Rosinach ◽  
Paul Schofield ◽  
Robert Hoehndorf ◽  
Claus Weiland ◽  
Erik Anthony Schultes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Impact

The novel COVID-19 infectious disease emerged and spread, causing high mortality and morbidity rates worldwide. In the OBO Foundry, there are more than one hundred ontologies to share and analyse large-scale datasets for biological and biomedical sciences. However, this pandemic revealed that we lack tools for an efficient and timely exchange of this epidemiological data which is necessary to assess the impact of disease outbreaks, the efficacy of mitigating interventions and to provide a rapid response. In this study we present our findings and contributions for the bio-ontologies community.

Estimating the Productivity Impact of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Australia Between 2020 and 2029, Using a Novel Work Utility Measure: The Productivity-Adjusted Life Year (PALY)

2021 ◽  
pp. OP.20.00904
Author(s):  
Catriona Parker ◽  
Danny Liew ◽  
Zanfina Ademi ◽  
Alice J. Owen ◽  
Darshini Ayton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Acute Myeloid

PURPOSE: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rare hematologic malignancy accounting for 0.8% of new cancer diagnoses in Australia. High mortality and morbidity affect work productivity through workforce dropout and premature death. This study sought to estimate the productivity loss attributable to AML in the Australian population over 10 years and to estimate the costs of this productivity loss. Productivity was measured using productivity-adjusted life years (PALYs), a similar concept to quality-adjusted life years, but adjusts for the productivity loss attributable to disease, rather than impaired health. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dynamic life tables modeled the Australian working population (age 15-65 years) between 2020 and 2029. The model population had two cohorts: those with and without AML. Differences in life years, PALYs, and costs represented the health and productivity impact of AML. Secondary analyses evaluated the impact of different scenarios. RESULTS: Over the next 10 years, there will be 7,600 years of life lost and 7,337 PALYs lost because of AML, amounting to Australian dollars (AU$) 1.43 billion in lost gross domestic product ($971 million in US dollars). Secondary analyses highlight potential savings of approximately AU$52 million if survival rates were improved by 20% and almost AU$118 million in savings if the return-to-work rates increased by 20% on the current estimates. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that even in low-incidence cancer, high mortality and morbidity translate to profound impacts on years of life, productivity, and the broader economy. Better treatment strategies are likely to result in significant economic gains. This highlights the value of investing in research for improved therapies.

scholarly journals The Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocytes and Platelets (HALP) Predicts Long-term Survival in Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengjuan Li ◽  
Zheng zachory Wei ◽  
Dan Xie ◽  
Yanfei Han ◽  
Beibei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Posterior Circulation ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
Cox Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The survival of posterior circulation ischemic stroke (PCIS) patients is worse. The hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score is a novel combined index reflecting nutritional and inflammation status. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the HALP score on the prognosis of PCIS. The Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test was used to draw the survival curves. Cox proportional hazard regression model were performed to determine the independent prognostic factors. The predictive power was evaluated by assessing the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. A total of 238 PCIS patients were retrospectively enrolled, and the median follow-up time was 4.3 years. Based on the Kaplan–Meier curve analysis, it was noticed that a low HALP value was significantly associated with a worse overall survival (P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and HALP score were independent risk factors for overall survival (HR 1.059, 1.26 and 0.354). Furthermore, the combination of the HALP and NIHSS score improved the prediction performance (AUC 0.888) and appeared to has the ability to accurately identify high-risk patients with poor prognosis.

Key Aspects of Assessing Effectiveness and Efficiency of Implementation of the Federal Clean Air Project on the Example of the Comprehensive Emission Reduction Action Plan in Nizhny Tagil

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
SV Yarushin ◽  
DV Kuzmin ◽  
AA Shevchik ◽  
TM Tsepilova ◽  
VB Gurvich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Key issues of assessing effectiveness and economic efficiency of implementing the Federal Clean Air Project by public health criteria are considered based on the example of the Comprehensive Emission Reduction Action Plan realized in the city of Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk Region. Materials and methods: We elaborated method approaches and reviewed practical aspects of evaluating measures taken in 2018–2019 at key urban industrial enterprises accounting for 95 % of stationary source emissions. Results: Summary calculations of ambient air pollution and carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic inhalation health risks including residual risks, evaluation of the impact of air quality on urban mortality and morbidity rates, economic assessment of prevented morbidity and premature mortality cases have enabled us not only to estimate health effects but also to develop guidelines for development and implementation of actions aimed at enhancing effectiveness and efficiency of industrial emission reduction in terms of health promotion of the local population. Conclusions: We substantiate proposals for the necessity and sufficiency of taking remedial actions ensuring achievement of acceptable health risk levels as targets of the Comprehensive Emission Reduction Action Plan in Nizhny Tagil until 2024 and beyond.

LncRNAs a New Target for Post-Stroke Recovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (26) ◽  
pp. 3115-3121
Author(s):  
Jun Yang ◽  
Jingjing Zhao ◽  
Xu Liu ◽  
Ruixia Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Current Development ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Cascade Processes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Neuron Injury

LncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs) are endogenous molecules, involved in complicated biological processes. Increasing evidence has shown that lncRNAs play a vital role in the post-stroke pathophysiology. Furthermore, several lncRNAs were reported to mediate ischemia cascade processes include apoptosis, bloodbrain barier breakdown, angiogenesis, microglial activation induced neuroinflammation which can cause neuron injury and influence neuron recovery after ischemic stroke. In our study, we first summarize current development about lncRNAs and post-stroke, focus on the regulatory roles of lncRNAs on pathophysiology after stroke. We also reviewed genetic variation in lncRNA associated with functional outcome after ischemic stroke. Additionally, lncRNA-based therapeutics offer promising strategies to decrease brain damage and promote neurological recovery following ischemic stroke. We believe that lncRNAs will become promising for the frontier strategies for IS and can open up a new path for the treatment of IS in the future.

Combination of SGLT-2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Potential Benefits in Surrogate and Hard Endpoints

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 1879-1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Doumas ◽  
Κonstantinos Imprialos ◽  
Konstantinos Stavropoulos ◽  
Andromachi Reklou ◽  
Alexandros Sachinidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Cardiac Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Glycemic Targets ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Background: The treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is complex; only a few patients successfully attain glycemic targets with monotherapy, most requiring drug combination therapy. Methods: The goal of this review was to identify in PubMed the complimentary ways of action leading to clinical benefit (in lowering HbA1c, body weight, renal, and cardiac risk factors and events) of the combination of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA). Results: SGLT2i, an emerging class of antidiabetic agents with an insulin-independent mechanism of action, are suitable for use in combination with any other class of antidiabetics, including insulin. The use of SGLT2i causes a reduction in Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) morbidity (mainly heart failure-HF) as well as total and CVD mortality. Besides insulin, SGLT2i may also be combined with incretin-based therapies, such as GLP-1 RA. The latter appears to reduce the rate or the progression of both macrovascular (mainly myocardial infarction-MI and stroke) and microvascular complications of DM, having a beneficial effect on all-cause mortality and CVD mortality, as well as CVD events. SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA may have a synergic effect on glucose reduction, weight reduction, renal impairment (both an independent lethal disease and a CVD risk factor) improvement, and cardiac event reduction, because the first reduces HF and related events and the second decreases CVD risk (mainly MI and stroke). Both also reduce total mortality, especially when combined with a statin. Conclusion: The combination of metformin with SGLT2i, GLP-1 RA, and a potent statin, in high CVD risk patients with DM, is expected to substantially reduce CVD mortality and morbidity, improving the quality of life of patients with DM at the same time. Prospective studies are needed to confirm this finding.

scholarly journals Association between Intraoperative Blood Transfusion and Mortality and Morbidity in Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery

2011 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent G. Glance ◽  
Andrew W. Dick ◽  
Dana B. Mukamel ◽  
Fergal J. Fleming ◽  
Raymond A. Zollo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Noncardiac Surgery ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Wound Complications ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Thromboembolic Complications ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Background The impact of intraoperative erythrocyte transfusion on outcomes of anemic patients undergoing noncardiac surgery has not been well characterized. The objective of this study was to examine the association between blood transfusion and mortality and morbidity in patients with severe anemia (hematocrit less than 30%) who are exposed to one or two units of erythrocytes intraoperatively. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of the association of blood transfusion and 30-day mortality and 30-day morbidity in 10,100 patients undergoing general, vascular, or orthopedic surgery. We estimated separate multivariate logistic regression models for 30-day mortality and for 30-day complications. Results Intraoperative blood transfusion was associated with an increased risk of death (odds ratio [OR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.03-1.62). Patients receiving an intraoperative transfusion were more likely to have pulmonary, septic, wound, or thromboembolic complications, compared with patients not receiving an intraoperative transfusion. Compared with patients who were not transfused, patients receiving one or two units of erythrocytes were more likely to have pulmonary complications (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.48-2.09), sepsis (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.21-1.68), thromboembolic complications (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.32-2.38), and wound complications (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.47-2.37). Conclusions Intraoperative blood transfusion is associated with a higher risk of mortality and morbidity in surgical patients with severe anemia. It is unknown whether this association is due to the adverse effects of blood transfusion or is, instead, the result of increased blood loss in the patients receiving blood.

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