scholarly journals Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles Against Fungal Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheikh Mansoor ◽  
Irfana Zahoor ◽  
Tawseef Rehman Baba ◽  
Shahid A. Padder ◽  
Z. A. Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigates

The use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against various pathogens is now being well recognized in the agriculture and health sector. Nanoparticles have been shown to exhibit various novel properties and these properties, on other hand, rely upon the size, shape, and morphology of these particles. Moreover, these physical characteristics enable them to interact with microbes, plants, and animals. Smaller-sized particles have shown more toxicity than larger-sized nanoparticles. AgNPs have shown growth inhibition of many fungi like Aspergillus fumigates, A. niger, A. flavus, Trichophyton rubrum, Candida albicans, and Penicillium species. According to the current hypothesis, AgNPs act by producing reactive oxygen species and free radicals, which cause protein denaturation, nucleic acid and proton pump damage, lipid peroxidation, and cell wall damage. Therefore, they alter the cell membrane permeability, causing cell death. This mini-review summarizes the use of silver nanoparticles against fungal pathogens and fungal biofilm in the agricultural sector.

Novel Tetrazoles against Acanthamoeba castellanii Belonging to the T4 Genotype

Chemotherapy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yassmin Isse Wehelie ◽  
Naveed Ahmed Khan ◽  
Itrat Fatima ◽  
Areeba Anwar ◽  
Kanwal Kanwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Acanthamoeba Castellanii ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Tetrazole Derivatives

Background: Acanthamoeba castellanii is a pathogenic free-living amoeba responsible for blinding keratitis and fatal granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. However, treatments are not standardized but can involve the use of amidines, biguanides, and azoles. Objectives: The aim of this study was to synthesize a variety of synthetic tetrazole derivatives and test their activities against A. castellanii. Methods: A series of novel tetrazole compounds were synthesized by one-pot method and characterized by NMR and mass spectroscopy. These compounds were subjected to amoebicidal, and cytotoxicity assays against A. castellanii belonging to the T4 genotype and human keratinocyte skin cells respectively. Additionally, reactive oxygen species determination and electron microscopy studies were carried out. Furthermore, two of the seven compounds were conjugated with silver nanoparticles to study their antiamoebic potential. Results: A series of seven tetrazole derivatives were synthesized successfully. The selected tetrazoles showed anti-amoebic activities at 10µM concentration against A. castellanii in vitro. The compounds tested caused increased reactive oxygen species generation in A castellanii, and significant morphological damage to amoebal membranes. Moreover, conjugation of silver nanoparticles enhanced antiamoebic effects of two tetrazoles. Conclusions: The results showed that azole compounds hold promise in the development of new formulations of anti-Acanthamoebic agents.

Lifetime bioaccumulation of silver nanoparticles accelerates functional aging by inactivating antioxidant pathways, an effect reversed by pterostilbene

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi-Yu Chen ◽  
Yu-Chen Su ◽  
Fong-Yu Cheng ◽  
Shian-Jang Yan ◽  
Ying-Jan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Stress Signaling ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Safety Concerns

Engineered nanoparticles raise safety concerns. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exert acute and chronic adverse effects by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated stress signaling pathways. We investigated the mechanisms by which AgNPs...

Silver nanoparticles synthesized from Adenium obesum leaf extract induced DNA damage, apoptosis and autophagy via generation of reactive oxygen species

2016 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 158-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abul Farah ◽  
Mohammad Ajmal Ali ◽  
Shen-Ming Chen ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Fahad Mohammad Al-Hemaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species

scholarly journals The copper chaperone CcsA coupling with superoxide dismutase SodA mediates oxidative stress response in Aspergillus fumigatus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenlong Du ◽  
Pengfei Zhai ◽  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Yuanwei Zhang ◽  
Ling Lu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Oxidative Stress Response ◽  
Superoxide Dismutases ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Oxidative Response

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are important metalloenzymes that protect fungal pathogens against the toxic effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by host defense mechanisms during the infection process. The activation of Cu/Zn-SOD1 is found to be dependent on its c haperone Ccs1 ( c opper c haperone for S OD1). However, the role of Ccs1 ortholog in the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus and how these SODs coordinate to mediate oxidative stress response remain elusive. Here, we demonstrated that A. fumigatus CcsA, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ccs1 ortholog, is required for cells in response to oxidative response and the activation of Sod1. Deletion of ccsA resulted in increased ROS accumulation and enhanced sensitivity to oxidative stress due to loss of SodA activity. Molecular characterization of CcsA revealed that the conserved CXC motif is required not only for the physical interaction with SodA but also for the oxidative stress adaption. Notably, addition of Mn 2+ or overexpression of cytoplasmic Mn-SodC could rescue the defects of the ccsA or sodA deletion mutant, indicating the important role of Mn 2+ and Mn-SodC in ROS detoxification; however, deletion of CcsA-SodA complex could not affect A. fumigatus virulence. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that CcsA functions as a Cu/Zn-Sod1 chaperone that participates in the adaptation to oxidative stress in A. fumigatus and provide a better understanding of the CcsA-SodA complex-mediated oxidative stress response in filamentous fungi. IMPORTANCE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by phagocytes have been reported to participate in the killing of fungal pathogens. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are considered to be the first defense line against superoxide anions. Characterizing the regulatory mechanisms of SOD activation is important for understanding how fungi adapt to oxidative stress in hosts. Our findings demonstrated that CcsA functions as a SodA chaperone in A. fumigatus and that the conserved CXC motif within CcsA is required for its interaction with SodA and the CcsA-SodA-mediated oxidative response. These data may provide new insights into how fungal pathogens adapt to oxidative stress via the CcsA-SodA complex.

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