scholarly journals Analysis of Individual Mouse Activity in Group Housed Animals of Different Inbred Strains using a Novel Automated Home Cage Analysis System

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasneer S. Bains ◽  
Heather L. Cater ◽  
Rowland R. Sillito ◽  
Agisilaos Chartsias ◽  
Duncan Sneddon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Cage ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Individual Mouse ◽  
Mouse Activity ◽  
Analysis System

scholarly journals Structure and expression of endogenous ecotropic murine leukemia viruses in RF/J mice.

1982 ◽  
Vol 156 (5) ◽  
pp. 1461-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
J McCubrey ◽  
J M Horowitz ◽  
R Risser
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Individual Mouse ◽  
Virus Interaction ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Cellular Dna ◽  
Virus Expression ◽  
Leukemia Viruses

High leukemic mouse strains possess proviral genomes that are more inducible for virus expression by halogenated pyrimidines than the proviral genomes harbored by low leukemic mice. We investigated the induction and arrangement of ecotropic proviruses in RF mice, a strain of mouse that develops a moderate incidence of leukemia late in life. We found that RF mice, unlike either high or low leukemic inbred strains, carried both a gene for high efficiency virus induction (Rjv-1) and a gene for low efficiency virus induction (Rjv-2). Virus induction from mice that contained Rjf-2 alone was observed only in crosses with two other strains that carried ecotropic proviruses, i.e., DBA/2 and C57BL/6, and not in crosses performed with mice that lacked ecotropic proviruses, i.e., 129, SWR, and NFS. Inheritance of the Rjv-1 gene frequently resulted in viremia when a virus-suppressive gene(s) of RF (most likely Fv-1) was not present in the same individual. Rjv-1 and Rjv-2 virus induction genes co-segregated with ecotropic proviruses integrated in different cellular DNA sequences. Rjv-2, the less inducible ecotropic provirus in RF mice, is located in cellular DNA sequences very similar to those found adjacent to the ecotropic provirus of BALB/c. These results document a second system of virus interaction or complementation and demonstrate that ecotropic proviruses of different phenotypes can be found within an individual mouse strain.

scholarly journals The effects of microchipping C57BL/6N mice on standard phenotyping tests

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
R.S. Bains ◽  
H.L. Cater ◽  
M. Stewart ◽  
C.L. Scudamore ◽  
S.E. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Home Cage ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Null Alleles ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
The Impact

The C57BL/6N inbred lines of mice are widely used in genetic research. They are particularly favoured in large scale studies such as the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC), where C57BL/6N mice are genetically altered to generate a collection of null alleles (currently more than 8500 null alleles have been generated). In this project, mice carrying null alleles are subjected to a pipeline of broad-based phenotyping tests to produce wide ranging phenotyping data on each model. We have previously described the development of a Home Cage Analysis system that automatically tracks the activity of group housed mice from a microchip inserted in the groin. This platform allows assessment of multiple biologically relevant phenotypes over long periods of time without experimenter interference, and therefore is particularly suited for high through-put studies. To investigate the impact of microchips on other tests carried out in the IMPC pipeline, we inserted microchips in 12 male and 12 female C57BL/6Ntac mice at seven weeks of age. Starting at nine weeks of age these mice underwent standard phenotyping tests, concurrently with 20 unchipped C57BL/6Ntac mice (10 females, 10 males). Tissues from a subset of the microchipped mice (six males and six females), chosen at random, were also sent for histopathological examination at the end of the phenotyping pipeline.

scholarly journals Inheritance of antibody specificity V. Anti-2-phenyloxazolone in the mouse.

1978 ◽  
Vol 148 (6) ◽  
pp. 1644-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Näkelä ◽  
M Kaartinen ◽  
J L Pelkonen ◽  
K Karjalainen
Keyword(s):  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Strains ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Antibody Specificity ◽  
Structural Analogue ◽  
Relative Affinity ◽  
Individual Mouse ◽  
The Cross

Antibodies to hapten 2-phenyloxazolone (phOx) of all BALB/c and DBA/2 mice have the same idiotype and the same major (public) isoelectric focusing pattern whose main spectrotype is called Ox-1. Neither of these characteristics could be readily demonstrated in anti-phOx antibodies of C57BL, C3H or LP mice; these antibodies were heterogeneous, and lacked public spectrotypes. Also, a fine specificty difference could be demonstrated between anti-phOx antibodies of BALB/c and C5MBL mice; the latter have a higher relative affinity than the former for a structural analogue of phOx (2-o-iodophenyloxazolone). The three BALB/c characteristics were inherited in congenic and recombinant inbred strains as an allotype-linked block, defining a new VH marker, VHphOx. Murine anti-phOx antibodies were found to exhibit three types of conservatism: (a) Every individual mouse of strains BALB/c, DBA/2 or BAB-14 had an almost indistinguishable IEF pattern. (b) These patterns (and the cross-reactive idiotype) remained virtually unchanged during an immunization course of 70 days. (c) An identical idiotype (and in some cases IEF pattern) was present in mouse strains of five different allogroups.

Genetic variation in paw preference (handedness) in the mouse

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 935-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred G. Biddle ◽  
Cristina M. Coffaro ◽  
Jeanette E. Ziehr ◽  
Brenda A. Eales
Keyword(s):  
Major Gene ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Genetic Trait ◽  
Reaching Task ◽  
Paw Preference ◽  
Individual Mouse ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Genetic Inference

Lateralization of paw preference in laboratory mice in a single-paw reaching task has been used as a model system for left- and right-hand usage. Given a set number of paw reaches for food from a centrally placed food tube, an individual mouse will exhibit a reliable number of left and right paw reaches. Within any single inbred strain, there are approximately equal numbers of left-pawed and right-pawed mice. Nevertheless, significant strain differences have been reported for the degree of lateralization of paw preference. We report here a systematic survey of paw preference in 12 inbred strains of the mouse in which the degree of lateralization falls into two groups of weakly lateralized and highly lateralized paw preference. The genetic inference is that a single major gene may control some function, and alternate alleles at this locus are expressed as weakly and highly lateralized paw preference. Reciprocal crosses indicate the trait is additive with no maternal or X-linked effects. The direction of paw preference has previously appeared to be genetically neutral, but in some strains there is evidence of significant deviation of the numbers of mice to the left and right of equal paw usage, independent of degree of lateralization, and this suggests that direction of left–right paw usage may be a separate genetic trait in the mouse model.Key words: behavioural genetics, paw preference, handedness, mouse.

Automated Image Analysis Of Nuclear And Cytoplasmic Changes In Exfoliated Cells From Tracheas Treated With Carcinogen

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
S.F. Stinson ◽  
J.C. Lilga ◽  
M.B. Sporn
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Image Analyzer ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exfoliated Cells ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Morphologic Criterion

Increased nuclear size, resulting in an increase in the relative proportion of nuclear to cytoplasmic sizes, is an important morphologic criterion for the evaluation of neoplastic and pre-neoplastic cells. This paper describes investigations into the suitability of automated image analysis for quantitating changes in nuclear and cytoplasmic cross-sectional areas in exfoliated cells from tracheas treated with carcinogen.Neoplastic and pre-neoplastic lesions were induced in the tracheas of Syrian hamsters with the carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Cytology samples were collected intra-tracheally with a specially designed catheter (1) and stained by a modified Papanicolaou technique. Three cytology specimens were selected from animals with normal tracheas, 3 from animals with dysplastic changes, and 3 from animals with epidermoid carcinoma. One hundred randomly selected cells on each slide were analyzed with a Bausch and Lomb Pattern Analysis System automated image analyzer.

Digital Processing of STEM Images

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe ◽  
M. Ohtsuki
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Assembly Language ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Dose Imaging

We have assembled an image processing system for use with our high resolution STEM for the particular purpose of working with low dose images of biological specimens. The system is quite flexible, however, and can be used for a wide variety of images.The original images are stored on magnetic tape at the microscope using the digitized signals from the detectors. For low dose imaging, these are “first scan” exposures using an automatic montage system. One Nova minicomputer and one tape drive are dedicated to this task.The principal component of the image analysis system is a Lexidata 3400 frame store memory. This memory is arranged in a 640 x 512 x 16 bit configuration. Images are displayed simultaneously on two high resolution monitors, one color and one black and white. Interaction with the memory is obtained using a Nova 4 (32K) computer and a trackball and switch unit provided by Lexidata.The language used is BASIC and uses a variety of assembly language Calls, some provided by Lexidata, but the majority written by students (D. Kopf and N. Townes).

Chemical Classification and Particle Sizing of Foundry Sands

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 388-389
Author(s):  
D.S. DeMiglio
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Foundry Sands ◽  
Large Atomic Number ◽  
Backscattered Electron ◽  
Sand Particles ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Reclamation System

Much progress has been made in recent years towards the development of closed-loop foundry sand reclamation systems. However, virtually all work to date has determined the effectiveness of these systems to remove surface clay and metal oxide scales by a qualitative inspection of a representative sampling of sand particles. In this investigation, particles from a series of foundry sands were sized and chemically classified by a Lemont image analysis system (which was interfaced with an SEM and an X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer) in order to statistically document the effectiveness of a reclamation system developed by The Pangborn Company - a subsidiary of SOHIO.The following samples were submitted: unreclaimed sand; calcined sand; calcined & mechanically scrubbed sand and unused sand. Prior to analysis, each sample was sprinkled onto a carbon mount and coated with an evaporated film of carbon. A backscattered electron photomicrograph of a field of scale-covered particles is shown in Figure 1. Due to a large atomic number difference between sand particles and the carbon mount, the backscattered electron signal was used for image analysis since it had a uniform contrast over the shape of each particle.

Automated high-resolution microscopy: the approaches so far

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
W. O. Saxton
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Automatic Recording ◽  
Microprocessor Control ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
Complete Automation ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
High Resolution Microscopy

Recent commercial microscopes with internal microprocessor control of all major functions have already demonstrated some of the benefits anticipated from such systems, such as continuous magnification, rotation-free diffraction and magnification, automatic recording of mutually registered focal series, and fewer control knobs. Complete automation of the focusing, stigmating and alignment of a high resolution microscope, allowing focal series to be recorded at preselected focus values as well, is still imminent rather than accomplished, however; some kind of image pick-up and analysis system, fed with the electron image via a TV camera, is clearly essential for this, but several alternative systems and algorithms are still being explored. This paper reviews the options critically in turn, and stresses the need to consider alignment and focusing at an early stage, and not merely as an optional extension to a basic proposal.

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