scholarly journals Pre- and Postnatal Damage to the Retro-Geniculate Visual Pathways Cause Retinal Degeneration Predictive for Visual Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finn Lennartsson ◽  
HannaMaria Öhnell ◽  
Lena Jacobson ◽  
Maria Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Visual Pathways ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Fiber Tractography ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Teenagers And Young Adults ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
And Function

To increase the understanding of the relationship between structure and function in individuals with damage to the brain from different stages of maturation of the visual system, we examined 16 teenagers and young adults. We used diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fiber tractography of the optic radiation (OR) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and the ganglion cell layer + inner plexiform layer (GC+IPL) in the macula. Visual field (VF) function was assessed with the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA). Injuries to the immature OR were associated with thinning of the pRNFL and GC+IPL, and corresponding VF defects irrespectively of timing of the lesion. However, in cases with bilateral white-matter damage of immaturity (WMDI) we noticed a well preserved central VF despite a very thin GC+IPL. We speculate that this is due to plasticity in the immature visual system. Similar results were not noticed among cases with unilateral damage, acquired pre- or postnatally, in which the central VF was affected in most cases. OCT has proved to be a valuable targeted tool in children with damage to the retro-geniculate visual pathways, and that focal thinning of the GC+IPL predicts VF defects. This brief research report includes a review of four previously published papers. In addition, we present one new case and apply a recently developed classification system for CVI. The classification was applied on cases with bilateral WMDI to investigate its relation to retinal structure.

scholarly journals Microstructural visual system changes in AQP4-antibody–seropositive NMOSD

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. e334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederike C. Oertel ◽  
Joseph Kuchling ◽  
Hanna Zimmermann ◽  
Claudia Chien ◽  
Felix Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Foveal Thickness ◽  
Microstructural Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Afferent Visual System

Objective:To trace microstructural changes in patients with aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-ab)-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) by investigating the afferent visual system in patients without clinically overt visual symptoms or visual pathway lesions.Methods:Of 51 screened patients with NMOSD from a longitudinal observational cohort study, we compared 6 AQP4-ab–seropositive NMOSD patients with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) but no history of optic neuritis (ON) or other bout (NMOSD-LETM) to 19 AQP4-ab–seropositive NMOSD patients with previous ON (NMOSD-ON) and 26 healthy controls (HCs). Foveal thickness (FT), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness, and ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness were measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Microstructural changes in the optic radiation (OR) were investigated using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Visual function was determined by high-contrast visual acuity (VA). OCT results were confirmed in a second independent cohort.Results:FT was reduced in both patients with NMOSD-LETM (p = 3.52e−14) and NMOSD-ON (p = 1.24e−16) in comparison with HC. Probabilistic tractography showed fractional anisotropy reduction in the OR in patients with NMOSD-LETM (p = 0.046) and NMOSD-ON (p = 1.50e−5) compared with HC. Only patients with NMOSD-ON but not NMOSD-LETM showed neuroaxonal damage in the form of pRNFL and GCIPL thinning. VA was normal in patients with NMOSD-LETM and was not associated with OCT or DTI parameters.Conclusions:Patients with AQP4-ab–seropositive NMOSD without a history of ON have microstructural changes in the afferent visual system. The localization of retinal changes around the Müller-cell rich fovea supports a retinal astrocytopathy.

scholarly journals Temporal visual resolution and disease severity in MS

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. e492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah Ayadi ◽  
Jan Dörr ◽  
Seyedamirhosein Motamedi ◽  
Kay Gawlik ◽  
Judith Bellmann-Strobl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Visual Resolution

ObjectiveTo examine temporal visual resolution assessed as critical flicker frequency (CFF) in patients with MS and to investigate associations with visual system damage and general disability and cognitive function.MethodsThirty-nine patients with MS and 31 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study and underwent CFF testing, high- and low-contrast visual acuity, alertness and information processing speed using the paced auditory serial addition task (PASAT), and retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT). In patients with MS, visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores were assessed.ResultsCFF in patients with MS (mean ± SD: 40.9 ± 4.4 Hz) was lower than in HCs (44.8 ± 4.4 Hz, p < 0.001). There was no significant CFF difference between eyes with and without previous optic neuritis (ON). CFF was not associated with visual acuity, VEP latency, the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and the combined ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer volume. Instead, reduced CFF was associated with worse EDSS scores (r2 = 0.26, p < 0.001) and alertness (r2 = 0.42, p = 0.00042) but not with PASAT (p = 0.33).ConclusionCFF reduction in MS occurs independently of ON and structural visual system damage. Its association with the EDSS score and alertness suggests that CFF reflects global disease processes and higher cortical processing rather than focal optic nerve or retinal damage.

scholarly journals Inner and outer retinal layer thickness alterations in pediatric and juvenile craniopharyngioma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ga-In Lee ◽  
Kyung-Ah Park ◽  
Sei Yeul Oh ◽  
Doo-Sik Kong ◽  
Sang Duk Hong
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Outer Nuclear Layer ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Photoreceptor Layer ◽  
Chiasmal Compression

AbstractWe evaluated postoperative retinal thickness in pediatric and juvenile craniopharyngioma (CP) patients with chiasmal compression using optical coherence tomography (OCT) auto-segmentation. We included 18 eyes of 18 pediatric or juvenile patients with CP and 20 healthy controls. Each thickness of the macular retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer, outer nuclear layer, and photoreceptor layer was compared between the CP patients and healthy controls. There was significant thinning in the macular RNFL (estimates [μm], superior, − 10.68; inferior, − 7.24; nasal, − 14.22), all quadrants of GCL (superior, − 16.53; inferior, − 14.37; nasal, − 24.34; temporal, − 9.91) and IPL (superior, − 11.45; inferior, − 9.76; nasal, − 15.25; temporal, − 4.97) in pediatric and juvenile CP patients postoperatively compared to healthy control eyes after adjusting for age and refractive errors. Thickness reduction in the average and nasal quadrant of RNFL, GCL, and IPL was associated with peripapillary RNFL thickness, and reduced nasal quadrant GCL and IPL thicknesses were associated with postoperative visual field defects. In pediatric and juvenile patients with CP, decreased inner retinal layer thickness following chiasmal compression was observed. The changes in retinal structures were closely related to peripapillary RNFL thinning and functional outcomes.

scholarly journals Custom extraction of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness more precisely co-localizes structural measurements with visual fields test grids

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janelle Tong ◽  
David Alonso-Caneiro ◽  
Nayuta Yoshioka ◽  
Michael Kalloniatis ◽  
Barbara Zangerl
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Optic Disc ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Spatial Direction ◽  
Healthy Cohort ◽  
Foveal Center ◽  
And Function ◽  
Thickness Measurements

Abstract We aimed to evaluate methods of extracting optical coherence tomography (OCT)-derived macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness measurements over retinal locations corresponding to standard visual field (VF) test grids. A custom algorithm was developed to automatically extract GCIPL thickness measurements from locations corresponding to Humphrey Field Analyser 10-2 and 30-2 test grids over Goldmann II, III and V stimulus sizes from a healthy cohort of 478 participants. Differences between GCIPL thickness measurements based on VF test grids (VF-based paradigms) and the 8 × 8 grid, as per instrument review software, were analyzed, as were impacts of fovea to optic disc tilt and areas over which GCIPL thickness measurements were extracted. Significant differences between the VF-based paradigms and the 8 × 8 grid were observed at up to 55% of locations across the macula, with the greatest deviations at the fovea (median 25.5 μm, 95% CI 25.24–25.72 μm, P < .0001). While significant correlations with fovea to optic disc tilt were noted at up to 33% of locations distributed 6°–8° from the foveal center, there were no marked differences in GCIPL thickness measurements between VF-based paradigms using different stimulus sizes. As such, standard high-density OCT measurement paradigms do not adequately reflect GCIPL measurements at retinal locations tested with standard VF patterns, with the central macular region contributing most to the observed differences and with further correction required for fovea to optic disc tilt. Spatial direction of GCIPL thickness measurements will improve future comparisons of structure and function, thereby improving methods designed to detect pathology affecting the inner retina.

scholarly journals Morphology of Inner Retina in Rhesus Monkeys of Various Ages: A Comparative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingfei Chen ◽  
Qihui Luo ◽  
Chao Huang ◽  
Wen Zeng ◽  
Ping Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Inner Retina ◽  
Biological Studies

Purpose. To investigate the changes of thickness in each layer, the morphology and density of inner neurons in rhesus monkeys’ retina at various growth stages, thus contribute useful data for further biological studies. Methods. The thickness of nerve fiber layer (NFL), the whole retina, inner plexiform layer (IPL), and outer plexiform layer (OPL) of rhesus monkeys at different ages were observed with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The morphology and the density of inner neurons of rhesus monkey retina were detected by immunofluorescence. Results. The retina showed the well-known ten layers, the thickness of each retinal layer in rhesus monkeys at various ages increased rapidly after infant, and the retina was the thickest in adulthood, but the retinal thickness stop growing in senescent. Quantitative analysis showed that the maximum density of inner neurons was reached in adolescent, and then, the density of inner neurons decreased in adults and senescent retinas. And some changes in the morphology of rod bipolar cells have occurred in senescent. Conclusions. The structure of retina in rhesus monkeys is relatively immature at infant, and the inner retina of rhesus monkeys is mature in adolescent, while the thickness of each retinal layer was the most developed in the adult group. There was no significant change in senescence for the thickness of each retinal layer, but the number of the neurons in our study has a decreasing trend and the morphological structure has changed.

scholarly journals Peripapillary microvasculature in patients with diabetes mellitus: An optical coherence tomography angiography study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Il Shin ◽  
Ki Yup Nam ◽  
Seong Eun Lee ◽  
Min-Woo Lee ◽  
Hyung-Bin Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Fiber Layer

Abstract To evaluate changes in peripapillary microvascular parameters in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Seventy-one diabetic patients (40 in the no diabetic retinopathy [DR] group and 31 in the non-proliferative DR [NPDR] group) and 50 control subjects. OCTA (Zeiss HD-OCT 5000 with AngioPlex) 6 × 6 mm scans centered on the optic disc were analyzed. Peripapillary vessel density (VD), perfusion density (PD) in superficial capillary plexus (SCP) were automatically calculated. The average macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGC-IPL) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thicknesses of the no DR and NPDR groups were significantly thinner than those of the control group. The no DR and NPDR groups showed lower peripapillary VD and PD in SCP compared with the control group. Using univariate regression analyses, the average mGC-IPL thickness, the pRNFL thickness, the no DR group and NPDR group were significant factors that affected the peripapillary VD and PD in SCP. Multivariate regression analyses showed that the grade of DR was a significant factor affecting the peripapillary VD and PD in SCP. OCTA revealed that peripapillary microvascular parameters in the no DR and NPDR groups were lower than those of normal controls. The peripapillary VD and PD in SCP were correlated with the mGC-IPL thickness, the pRNFL thickness, and the no DR and NPDR groups. Changes in peripapillary OCTA parameters may help with understanding the pathophysiology of DM and evaluating a potentially valuable biomarker for patients with subclinical DR.

scholarly journals Differential Distribution of RBPMS in Pig, Rat, and Human Retina after Damage

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 9330
Author(s):  
Xandra Pereiro ◽  
Noelia Ruzafa ◽  
J. Haritz Urcola ◽  
Sansar C. Sharma ◽  
Elena Vecino
Keyword(s):  
Rna Binding ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Retinal Explants ◽  
Injury Control

RNA binding protein with multiple splicing (RBPMS) is expressed exclusively in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the retina and can label all RGCs in normal retinas of mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, and monkeys, but its function in these cells is not known. As a result of the limited knowledge regarding RBPMS, we analyzed the expression of RBPMS in the retina of different mammalian species (humans, pigs, and rats), in various stages of development (neonatal and adult) and with different levels of injury (control, hypoxia, and organotypic culture or explants). In control conditions, RBPMS was localized in the RGCs somas in the ganglion cell layer, whereas in hypoxic conditions, it was localized in the RGCs dendrites in the inner plexiform layer. Such differential distributions of RBPMS occurred in all analyzed species, and in adult and neonatal retinas. Furthermore, we demonstrate RBPMS localization in the degenerating RGCs axons in the nerve fiber layer of retinal explants. This is the first evidence regarding the possible transport of RBPMS in response to physiological damage in a mammalian retina. Therefore, RBPMS should be further investigated in relation to its role in axonal and dendritic degeneration.

scholarly journals Macular Ganglion Cell–Inner Plexiform Layer Loss Precedes Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Loss in Glaucoma with Lower Intraocular Pressure

Ophthalmology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (8) ◽  
pp. 1119-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry N. Marshall ◽  
Nicholas H. Andrew ◽  
Mark Hassall ◽  
Ayub Qassim ◽  
Emmanuelle Souzeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Nerve Fiber Layer ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fiber
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