Surface-Based Spontaneous Oscillation in Schizophrenia: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Schizophrenia (SZ) is considered as a self-disorder with disordered local synchronous activation. Previous studies have reported widespread dyssynchrony of local activation in patients with SZ, which may be one of the crucial physiological mechanisms of SZ. To further verify this assumption, this work used a surface-based two-dimensional regional homogeneity (2dReHo) approach to compare the local neural synchronous spontaneous oscillation between patients with SZ and healthy controls (HC), instead of the volume-based regional homogeneity approach described in previous study. Ninety-seven SZ patients and 126 HC were recruited to this study, and we found the SZ showed abnormal 2dReHo across the cortical surface. Specifically, at the global level, the SZ patients showed significantly reduced global 2dReHo; at the vertex level, the foci with increased 2dReHo in SZ were located in the default mode network (DMN), frontoparietal network (FPN), and limbic network (LN); however, foci with decreased 2dReHo were located in the somatomotor network (SMN), auditory network (AN), and visual network (VN). Additionally, this work found positive correlations between the 2dReHo of bilateral rectus and illness duration, as well as a significant positive correlation between the 2dReHo of right orbital inferior frontal gyrus (OIFG) with the negative scores of the positive and negative syndrome scale in the SZ patients. Therefore, the 2dReHo could provide some effective features contributed to explore the pathophysiology mechanism of SZ.

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Correlation between vaspin and PANSS scores in schizophrenia patients with obesity

The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine ◽

10.1177/0091217420905463 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 264-280

Author(s):

Hülya Ertekin ◽

Sema Uysal ◽

Memduha Aydın ◽

Bilge İlhan ◽

Yusuf Haydar Ertekin

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Metabolic Parameters ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Negative Syndrome

Objective Metabolic abnormalities such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome, and abnormal levels of plasma adipokines have been observed in patients with schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate the differences and correlations of plasma vaspin levels with metabolic parameters in patients with schizophrenia and to compare with healthy controls. Method We measured plasma levels of vaspin and metabolic parameters of 100 patients with schizophrenia and 95 healthy controls. Patients with schizophrenia were evaluated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and The Global Assessment of Functioning. Results Mean levels of body mass index, waist circumference, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of the patients were statistically higher than those of the healthy controls (p = 0.002, p < 0.001, p = 0.03, and p = 0.002, respectively). Plasma levels of vaspin were 0.96 ± 0.73 ng/ml in patients with schizophrenia and 0.29 ± 0.15 ng/ml in the healthy controls (p < 0.001). Plasma vaspin levels were statistically higher in patients with schizophrenia than healthy controls both in groups with and without metabolic syndrome and obesity (p < 0.001). Plasma vaspin levels showed a positive correlation with triglyceride in patients with schizophrenia (r = 0.26, p = 0.007). There were positive correlations between vaspin and PANSS scores in schizophrenia patients with obesity (PANSS Positive: r = 0.42, p = 0.01; PANSS Negative: r = 0.42, p = 0.01; PANSS General: r = 0.43, p = 0.01; PANSS Total: r = 0.47, p = 0.006). Conclusions Our study showed a significant relationship and positive correlation between vaspin and PANSS scores in schizophrenia patients with obesity. Vaspin may play an important role in the metabolic processes of patients with schizophrenia.

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Factor Structure of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Differs by Sex

Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses ◽

10.3371/csrp.waan.070415 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 207-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Julie Walsh-Messinger ◽

Daniel Antonius ◽

Mark Opler ◽

Nicole Aujero ◽

Deborah M. Goetz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Structure ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Negative Syndrome

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Risk factors associated with treatment-resistant schizophrenia in first-episode psychosis

Revista Debates em Psiquiatria ◽

10.25118/2236-918x-7-4-1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol Ano 7 ◽

pp. 8-12

Author(s):

Ana Beatriz de Oliveira Assis ◽

Jayse Gimenez Pereira Brandão ◽

Pedro Otávio Piva Espósito ◽

Osmar Tessari Junior ◽

Bruno Berlucci Ortiz

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

First Episode Psychosis ◽

First Episode ◽

Treatment Resistant ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Episode Psychosis ◽

Negative Syndrome

Objetivo: Ainda não está claro quais são os fatores de risco para a esquizofrenia resistente ao tratamento (ERT) em primeiro episódio psicótico (PEP). O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar indicadores de risco para ERT em PEP. Métodos: Foram selecionados 53 pacientes em primeiro episódio psicótico, com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, que deram entrada à enfermaria de psiquiatria do Hospital das Clínicas Luzia de Pinho Melo entre 2011 e 2015. Ao ser admitido na enfermaria, o paciente era avaliado com a Escala de Sintomas para as Síndromes Positiva e Negativa (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale – PANSS) e recebia tratamento inicial por 4 semanas. Caso sua resposta fosse inferior a 40% de redução na PANSS, o antipsicótico era trocado, e as escalas eram aplicadas novamente após mais 4 semanas. Após a falha com dois antipsicóticos, em doses plenas, por 4 semanas cada, a clozapina era introduzida, e o paciente era considerado ERT. Uma regressão logística foi aplicada onde sexo, idade de início, tempo de doença não tratada, uso de substâncias, avaliação global do funcionamento inicial e PANSS inicial total foram inseridos como variáveis independentes, e ERT foi inserida como variável dependente. Resultados: Tempo de doença não tratada apresentou significância de p = 0,038 e Exp (B) = 4,29, enquanto que PANSS total apresentou p = 0,012 e Exp (B) = 1,06. Conclusão: Identificar os fatores associados à resistência precoce ao tratamento poderia permitir aos clínicos evitar o atraso na introdução da clozapina e prevenir um pior prognóstico para esses pacientes.

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Obtaining employment as an anchor for estimating the minimum clinically important difference on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) in schizophrenia

Psychiatry Research ◽

10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.018 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 238 ◽

pp. 304-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Meaghan A. Leddy-Stacy ◽

Robert Rosenheck

Keyword(s):

Minimum Clinically Important Difference ◽

Clinically Important Difference ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Negative Syndrome

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Standardized training in the rating of the six-item Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS-6)

Schizophrenia Research ◽

10.1016/j.schres.2020.12.044 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 228 ◽

pp. 438-446

Author(s):

Pernille Kølbæk ◽

David Dines ◽

Johanna Hansen ◽

Mark Opler ◽

Christoph U. Correll ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Syndrome Scale ◽

Negative Syndrome

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Amusia and protolanguage impairments in schizophrenia

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291714000373 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (13) ◽

pp. 2739-2748 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

J. T. Kantrowitz ◽

N. Scaramello ◽

A. Jakubovitz ◽

J. M. Lehrfeld ◽

P. Laukka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Remediation ◽

Thought Disorder ◽

Musical Ability ◽

Group Status ◽

Treatment Development ◽

Discrimination Ability ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Language And Music ◽

Auditory Tasks ◽

Negative Syndrome

BackgroundBoth language and music are thought to have evolved from a musical protolanguage that communicated social information, including emotion. Individuals with perceptual music disorders (amusia) show deficits in auditory emotion recognition (AER). Although auditory perceptual deficits have been studied in schizophrenia, their relationship with musical/protolinguistic competence has not previously been assessed.MethodMusical ability was assessed in 31 schizophrenia/schizo-affective patients and 44 healthy controls using the Montreal Battery for Evaluation of Amusia (MBEA). AER was assessed using a novel battery in which actors provided portrayals of five separate emotions. The Disorganization factor of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used as a proxy for language/thought disorder and the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was used to assess cognition.ResultsHighly significant deficits were seen between patients and controls across auditory tasks (p < 0.001). Moreover, significant differences were seen in AER between the amusia and intact music-perceiving groups, which remained significant after controlling for group status and education. Correlations with AER were specific to the melody domain, and correlations between protolanguage (melody domain) and language were independent of overall cognition.DiscussionThis is the first study to document a specific relationship between amusia, AER and thought disorder, suggesting a shared linguistic/protolinguistic impairment. Once amusia was considered, other cognitive factors were no longer significant predictors of AER, suggesting that musical ability in general and melodic discrimination ability in particular may be crucial targets for treatment development and cognitive remediation in schizophrenia.

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Decision making under ambiguity and risk in adolescent-onset schizophrenia

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03230-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dandan Li ◽

Fengyan Zhang ◽

Lu Wang ◽

Yifan Zhang ◽

Tingting Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Executive Function ◽

Iowa Gambling Task ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Abnormal Pattern ◽

Negative Syndrome ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Objective Numerous studies have identified impaired decision making (DM) under both ambiguity and risk in adult patients with schizophrenia. However, the assessment of DM in patients with adolescent-onset schizophrenia (AOS) has been challenging as a result of the instability and heterogeneity of manifestations. The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and Game of Dice Task (GDT), which are frequently used to evaluate DM respectively under ambiguity and risk, are sensitive to adolescents and neuropsychiatric patients. Our research intended to examine the performance of DM in a relatively large sample of patients with AOS using the above-mentioned two tasks. We also aimed to take a closer look at the relationship between DM and symptom severity of schizophrenia. Methods We compared the performance of DM in 71 patients with AOS and 53 well-matched healthy controls using IGT for DM under ambiguity and GDT for DM under risk through net scores, total scores and feedback ration. Neuropsychological tests were conducted in all participants. Clinical symptoms were evaluated by using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) in 71 patients with AOS. Pearson’s correlation revealed the relationship among total score of DM and clinical and neuropsychological data. Results Compared to healthy controls, patients with AOS failed to show learning effect and had a significant difference on the 5th block in IGT and conducted more disadvantageous choices as well as exhibited worse negative feedback rate in GDT. Apart from DM impairment under risk, diminished DM abilities under ambiguity were found related to poor executive function in AOS in the present study. Conclusions Our findings unveiled the abnormal pattern of DM in AOS, mainly reflected under the risky condition, extending the knowledge on the performance of DM under ambiguity and risk in AOS. Inefficient DM under risk may account for the lagging impulse control and the combined effects of developmental disease. In addition, our study demonstrated that the performance on IGT was related to executive function in AOS.

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The relationship of insight with psychopathological dimensions in patients with schizophrenia

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology ◽

10.1177/20438087211019932 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 204380872110199

Author(s):

Si-Sheng Huang ◽

Cheng-Chen Chang

Keyword(s):

Medical Center ◽

Self Report ◽

Psychiatric Ward ◽

Neurocognitive Functions ◽

Bivariate Correlation ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Acute Psychiatric Ward ◽

Negative Syndrome ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Impaired insight in patients with schizophrenia results in less satisfactory clinical outcomes. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between insight and individual psychopathological dimensions in inpatients with schizophrenia using a self-report questionnaire. In this study, 90 patients with schizophrenia aged 18–75 years admitted in the acute psychiatric ward of a medical center in Taiwan were enrolled. Patient insight was measured using the Self-Appraisal of Illness Questionnaire (SAIQ), and psychopathological dimensions were measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and its five-factor structure model. A higher SAIQ score indicates greater insight. In bivariate correlation analyses, statistically significant correlations were observed between age, single marital status, educational level, and positive, excited, and depressed symptom factor of the PANSS and SAIQ score. In regression analyses, age and excited and depressed symptom factors were significantly associated with SAIQ score. No significant association was observed between insight and neurocognitive functions. Considering demographic characteristics, psychopathology, and neurocognition, in the acute phase of schizophrenia, younger patients with less severe excited symptoms and more severe depressive symptoms had greater insight.

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