scholarly journals Volume of Amygdala Subregions and Clinical Manifestations in Patients With First-Episode, Drug-Naïve Major Depression

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Tesen ◽  
Keita Watanabe ◽  
Naomichi Okamoto ◽  
Atsuko Ikenouchi ◽  
Ryohei Igata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Subscale Score ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Linear Association ◽  
Hamd Score ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lateral Nucleus

We examined amygdala subregion volumes in patients with a first episode of major depression (MD) and in healthy subjects. Covariate-adjusted linear regression was performed to compare the MD and healthy groups, and adjustments for age, gender, and total estimated intracranial volume showed no differences in amygdala subregion volumes between the healthy and MD groups. Within the MD group, we examined the association between amygdala subregion volume and the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) score and the HAMD subscale score, and found no association in the left amygdala. In the right amygdala, however, there was an inverse linear association between the HAMD total and the HAMD core and lateral nucleus and anterior-amygdaloid-regions. Furthermore, an inverse linear association was seen between the HAMD psychic and the lateral nucleus, anterior-amygdaloid-regions, transition, and whole amygdala. The findings of this study suggest that the severity of MD and some symptoms of MD are associated with right amygdala volume. There have been few reports on the relationship between MD and amygdala subregional volume, and further research is needed to accumulate more data for further validation.

scholarly journals Brain Functional Differences in Drug-Naive Major Depression with Anxiety Patients of Different Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Patterns: A Resting-State fMRI Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Du ◽  
Jingjie Zhao ◽  
Yongzhi Wang ◽  
Yu Han ◽  
Ligang Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
Deficiency Group ◽  
The Right ◽  
Syndrome Patterns

Major depressive disorder (MDD), especially combined with anxiety, has a high incidence and low detection rate in China. Literature has shown that patients under major depression with anxiety (MDA) are more likely to nominate a somatic, rather than psychological, symptom as their presenting complaint. In the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), clinical symptoms of MDD patients are mainly categorized into two different syndrome patterns: Deficiency and Excess. We intend to use resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to investigate their brain functional differences and hopefully to find their brain function mechanism. For our research, 42 drug-naive MDA patients were divided into two groups (21 for Deficiency and 21 for Excess), with an additional 19 unaffected participants in the normal control (NC) group. We took Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and brain fMRI scan for each group and analyzed the data. We first used Degree Centrality (DC) to map the functional differences in brain regions, utilized these regions as seed points, and used a seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis to identify the specific functional connection between groups. The Deficiency group was found to have higher HAMD scores, HAMA scores, and HAMD somatic factor than the Excess group. In the DC analysis, significant decreases were found in the right precuneus of both the Deficiency and Excess groups compared to the NC group. In the FC analysis, the right precuneus showed significant decreased network connectivity with the bilateral cuneus, as well as the right lingual gyrus in the Deficiency group when compared to the NC group and the Excess group. Through our research, it was found that precuneus dysfunction may have a relationship with MDA and Deficiency patients have more severe physical and emotional symptoms, and we realized that a larger sample size and multiple brain mode observations were needed in further research.

scholarly journals Increased ASL-CBF in the right amygdala predicts the first onset of depression in healthy young first-degree relatives of patients with major depression

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningning Zhang ◽  
Jiasheng Qin ◽  
Jinchuan Yan ◽  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Yuhao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Before And After ◽  
First Onset ◽  
The Right

Healthy first-degree relatives of patients with major depression are at an elevated risk of developing depression, and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) alterations are observed in patients with depression. Therefore, in a 33-month follow-up study, we used arterial spin labeling-magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) to investigate quantitative CBF before and after the diagnosis of depression in healthy young adults with and without first-degree relatives with major depression (FH + and FH−, respectively). In cross-sectional and longitudinal CBF comparisons, CBF in the right amygdala was increased or decreased. Additionally, a significant correlation was observed between the altered CBF in the right amygdala and the scores on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) in the FH + group. Furthermore, logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that increased CBF in the right amygdala at baseline predicted the subsequent onset of depression in the FH + group. Our results suggest that among healthy young adults with a familial risk of depression, those who exhibit increased CBF in the amygdala are susceptible to developing this disease.

scholarly journals Potential biomarkers of major depression diagnosis and chronicity

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257251
Author(s):  
Ana Cecília de Menezes Galvão ◽  
Raíssa Nobrega Almeida ◽  
Geovan Menezes de Sousa Júnior ◽  
Mário André Leocadio-Miguel ◽  
Fernanda Palhano-Fontes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Major Depression Disorder ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Mature Brain ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Depression Disorder ◽  
Potential Use

Background Molecular biomarkers are promising tools to be routinely used in clinical psychiatry. Among psychiatric diseases, major depression disorder (MDD) has gotten attention due to its growing prevalence and morbidity. Methods We tested some peripheral molecular parameters such as serum mature Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (mBDNF), plasma C-Reactive Protein (CRP), serum cortisol (SC), and the salivary Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR), as well as the Pittsburgh sleep quality inventory (PSQI), as part of a multibiomarker panel for potential use in MDD diagnosis and evaluation of disease’s chronicity using regression models, and ROC curve. Results For diagnosis model, two groups were analyzed: patients in the first episode of major depression (MD: n = 30) and a healthy control (CG: n = 32). None of those diagnosis models tested had greater power than Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-6. For MDD chronicity, a group of patients with treatment-resistant major depression (TRD: n = 28) was tested across the MD group. The best chronicity model (p < 0.05) that discriminated between MD and TRD included four parameters, namely PSQI, CAR, SC, and mBDNF (AUC ROC = 0.99), with 96% of sensitivity and 93% of specificity. Conclusion These results indicate that changes in specific biomarkers (CAR, SC, mBDNF and PSQI) have potential on the evaluation of MDD chronicity, but not for its diagnosis. Therefore, these findings can contribute for further studies aiming the development of a stronger model to be commercially available and used in psychiatry clinical practice.

Serotonin 5-HT2 receptor imaging in major depression: focal changes in orbito-insular cortex

1997 ◽  
Vol 171 (5) ◽  
pp. 444-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Françoise Biver ◽  
David Wikler ◽  
Françoise Lotstra ◽  
Philippe Damhaut ◽  
Serge Goldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Receptor Imaging ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Right

BackgroundSerotonin receptors may play an important role in the pathophysiology of affective disorders. We studied type-2 serotonin (5-HT2) receptors in the brain of patients with major depression.MethodUsing positron emission tomography (PET) and the selective radioligand [18F]altanserin, we investigated 5-HT2 receptor distribution in eight drug-free unipolar depressed patients and 22 healthy subjects. Data were analysed using Statistical Parametric Mapping 95.ResultsIn depressed patients, [18F]altanserin uptake was significantly reduced in a region of the right hemisphere including the posterolateral orbitofrontal cortex and the anterior insular cortex. A trend to similar changes was found in the left hemisphere. No correlation was found between the uptake and the Hamilton rating scale score.ConclusionsPathophysiology of depression may involve changes in 5-HT2 receptor in brain regions selectively implicated in mood regulation.

P02 - 360 Magnetic resonance imaging study of basal ganglia in the first-episode tic disorders onset during child and adolescent

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 956-956
Author(s):  
J. Sun ◽  
L. Guo ◽  
M. Huang ◽  
X. Huang ◽  
Q. Gong
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Tic Disorders ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tic Severity ◽  
The Right

IntroductionDespite strong evidence that the pathophysiology of tic disorders (TD) involves structural and functional disturbances of the basal ganglia, inconsistent findings from several TD imaging studies have supported contradictory conclusions.ObjectiveTo find brain structural differences between children with of TD and the health children and verify the pathogenesis hypothesis of that basal ganglia play an important role in this disorder.MethodThe right handedness, first-episode TD children were chosen. Yale global tic severity scale (YGTSS) was used to assess the tic severity. MRI scan was performed on TD children and the controls. The volumes of caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus and total intracranial volume were measured on high resolution MR images. We compared the volumes, relative volumes and asymmetry index, AI between groups.ResultsTotally 11 patients finished this study with two excluded for the unclear image caused by tic and 18 subjects (9 TD patients and 9 controls) were finally analyzed. The right globus pallidus is significantly larger in TD patients. The volumes of left caudate increased significantly in both TD patients and controls. There was no significant difference in asymmetry index between two groups, relative volumes did not correlate significantly with the severity of tic and the course of disease.ConclusionThe right globus pallidus may be the primary pathological change of TD. Asymmetry indexes between the two groups are not significantly different. The relative volume of any structure of basal ganglia has no significant correlation with the severity of tic and the course of disease.

scholarly journals Relationships between abnormal neural activities and cognitive impairments in patients with drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yan ◽  
Rongrong Zhang ◽  
Min Zhou ◽  
Shuiping Lu ◽  
Wenmei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Abstract Background Prior resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies via the regional homogeneity (ReHo) method have demonstrated inconsistent and conflicting results because of several confounding factors, such as small sample size, medicinal influence, and illness duration. Relationships between ReHo measures and cognitive impairments in patients with drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia (dn-FES) are rarely reported. This study was conducted to explore the correlations between ReHo measures, cognitive deficits, and clinical symptoms in patients with dn-FES. Methods A total of 69 patients with dn-FES and 74 healthy controls were recruited. MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were used to assess cognitive function, intelligence quotient (IQ), and clinical symptoms, respectively. The correlations between ReHo map and cognitive deficits, the severity of symptoms were examined using strict correlation analyses within brain areas. Results The ReHo values in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) increased in the dn-FES group, whereas the ReHo values in the right cuneus decreased. Correlation analysis showed that the ReHo values in the right MFG were positively correlated with attention/vigilance impairments, social cognition deficits, the severity of clinical manifestations. Conclusions These findings suggested that abnormal spontaneous activities in the right MFG reflect the illness severity and cognitive deficits, which serves as a basis for establishing the objective diagnostic markers and might be a clinical intervention target for patients with schizophrenia.

An Open Study of Sertraline in Patients with Major Depression who Failed to Respond to Moclobemide

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom George ◽  
Michael T. Theodoros ◽  
Edmond Chiu ◽  
Natalie Krapivensky ◽  
Arthur Hokin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Hamd Score ◽  
Insufficient Response

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of sertraline in patients with major depression who have failed to respond to an adequate trial of moclobemide. Method: Sixty-three patients with major depression who had discontinued moclobemide within the last 6 weeks due to lack of efficacy were recruited from multiple psychiatric services in Victoria and Queensland. After a wash-out period, patients were treated with sertraline 50 mg once daily for 4 weeks. If there was an insufficient response, the dose was titrated upwards to a maximum of 200 mg/day, with 2 weeks at each dosage level. By the end of the study, patients had received a fixed dose of sertraline for 8 weeks. The main outcome measures were the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scales. Secondary outcome measures included the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results: Of the 62 intention-to-treat patients enrolled, 48 (77%) responded to sertraline (i.e. experienced ≥ 50% reduction in HAMD total score from baseline and had a final HAMD score of ≤ 17). Fifty-four (87%) patients were at least ‘minimally improved’ on the CGI scale. There were also significant improvements in mean total MADRS and BDI scores. Sertraline was well tolerated. Adverse events were reported by 84% of patients, but only 5% withdrew due to adverse events. Conclusions: This study shows that patients with major depression who have failed to respond to moclobemide can generally be treated successfully with sertraline.

scholarly journals Relationships between abnormal neural activities and cognitive impairments in patients with drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yan ◽  
Rongrong Zhang ◽  
Min Zhou ◽  
Shuiping Lu ◽  
Wenmei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Abstract Background: Prior resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies via the regional homogeneity (ReHo) method have demonstrated inconsistent and conflicting results because of several confounding factors, such as small sample size, medicinal influence, and illness duration. Relationships between ReHo measures and cognitive impairments in patients with drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia (dn-FES) are rarely reported. This study was conducted to explore the correlations between ReHo measures, cognitive deficits, and clinical symptoms in patients with dn-FES. Methods: A total of 69 patients with dn-FES and 74 healthy controls were recruited. MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were used to assess cognitive function, intelligence quotient (IQ), and clinical symptoms, respectively. The correlations between ReHo map and cognitive deficits, the severity of symptoms were examined using strict correlation analyses within brain areas.Results: The ReHo values in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) increased in the dn-FES group, whereas the ReHo values in the right cuneus decreased. Correlation analysis showed that the ReHo values in the right MFG were positively correlated with attention/vigilance impairments, social cognition deficits, the severity of clinical manifestations. Conclusions: These findings suggested that abnormal spontaneous activities in the right MFG reflect the illness severity and cognitive deficits, which serves as a basis for establishing the objective diagnostic markers and might be a clinical intervention target for patients with schizophrenia.

Kognitiontest können früh auf Depression hinweisen

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (08) ◽  
pp. 460-461
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
First Episode

Bei einer Major Depression lassen sich in vielen kognitiven Domänen Dysfunktionen nachweisen. Ob solche Defizite auch bei einer ersten Episode einer unipolaren Depression (first episode depression, FED) nachweisbar sind und wie sie sich im weiteren Verlauf entwickeln, prüften Muriel Vicent-Gil von der psychiatrischen Abteilung des Hospitals de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau in Barcelona und ihre Kollegen aus ganz Spanien.

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