P02 - 360 Magnetic resonance imaging study of basal ganglia in the first-episode tic disorders onset during child and adolescent

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 956-956
Author(s):  
J. Sun ◽  
L. Guo ◽  
M. Huang ◽  
X. Huang ◽  
Q. Gong
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Tic Disorders ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tic Severity ◽  
The Right

IntroductionDespite strong evidence that the pathophysiology of tic disorders (TD) involves structural and functional disturbances of the basal ganglia, inconsistent findings from several TD imaging studies have supported contradictory conclusions.ObjectiveTo find brain structural differences between children with of TD and the health children and verify the pathogenesis hypothesis of that basal ganglia play an important role in this disorder.MethodThe right handedness, first-episode TD children were chosen. Yale global tic severity scale (YGTSS) was used to assess the tic severity. MRI scan was performed on TD children and the controls. The volumes of caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus and total intracranial volume were measured on high resolution MR images. We compared the volumes, relative volumes and asymmetry index, AI between groups.ResultsTotally 11 patients finished this study with two excluded for the unclear image caused by tic and 18 subjects (9 TD patients and 9 controls) were finally analyzed. The right globus pallidus is significantly larger in TD patients. The volumes of left caudate increased significantly in both TD patients and controls. There was no significant difference in asymmetry index between two groups, relative volumes did not correlate significantly with the severity of tic and the course of disease.ConclusionThe right globus pallidus may be the primary pathological change of TD. Asymmetry indexes between the two groups are not significantly different. The relative volume of any structure of basal ganglia has no significant correlation with the severity of tic and the course of disease.

scholarly journals A Multimodal Fusion Analysis of Pretreatment Anatomical and Functional Cortical Abnormalities in Responsive and Non-responsive Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenyang Yao ◽  
Na Hu ◽  
Hengyi Cao ◽  
Biqiu Tang ◽  
Wenjing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multimodal Fusion ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Multimodal Features ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Postcentral Gyrus ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Fusion Analysis ◽  
The Right

Background: Antipsychotic medications provide limited long-term benefit to ~30% of schizophrenia patients. Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data have been used to investigate brain features between responders and nonresponders to antipsychotic treatment; however, these analytical techniques are unable to weigh the interrelationships between modalities. Here, we used multiset canonical correlation and joint independent component analysis (mCCA + jICA) to fuse MRI data to examine the shared and specific multimodal features between the patients and healthy controls (HCs) and between the responders and non-responders.Method: Resting-state functional and structural MRI data were collected from 55 patients with drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia (FES) and demographically matched HCs. Based on the decrease in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores from baseline to the 1-year follow-up, FES patients were divided into a responder group (RG) and a non-responder group (NRG). Gray matter volume (GMV), fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF), and regional homogeneity (ReHo) maps were used as features in mCCA + jICA.Results: Between FES patients and HCs, there were three modality-specific discriminative independent components (ICs) showing the difference in mixing coefficients (GMV-IC7, GMV-IC8, and fALFF-IC5). The fusion analysis indicated one modality-shared IC (GMV-IC2 and ReHo-IC2) and three modality-specific ICs (GMV-IC1, GMV-IC3, and GMV-IC6) between the RG and NRG. The right postcentral gyrus showed a significant difference in GMV features between FES patients and HCs and modality-shared features (GMV and ReHo) between responders and nonresponders. The modality-shared component findings were highlighted by GMV, mainly in the bilateral temporal gyrus and the right cerebellum associated with ReHo in the right postcentral gyrus.Conclusions: This study suggests that joint anatomical and functional features of the cortices may reflect an early pathophysiological mechanism that is related to a 1-year treatment response.

scholarly journals Exploring Cortical Thickness Alteration in Parkinson Disease Patients with Freezing of Gaits

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
E. Li ◽  
Xiuhang Ruan ◽  
Yuting Li ◽  
Guoqin Zhang ◽  
Mengyan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Freezing Of Gait ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mri Protocol ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
The Right

Background: Freezing of gait (FoG) is a disabling gait disorder that commonly occurs in advanced stages of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The neuroanatomical mechanisms underlying FoG in PD are still unclear. The present study aims to explore alterations of structural gray matter (GM) in PD patients with FoG. Method: Twenty-four PD patients with FoG (FoG+), 37 PD patients without FoG (FoG-) and 24 healthy controls (HC) were included. All subjects underwent a standardized MRI protocol. The cortical thickness (CTh), segmentation volume without ventricles (BrainSegVolNotVent) and estimated total intracranial volume (eTIV) were analysed using the FreeSurfer pipeline. Results: CTh differences were found in the right middle temporal gyrus (rMTG) generally. Compared to that in HCs, the CTh of the rMTG in both the FoG+ and FoG- groups was smaller, while no significant difference between the FoG+ and FoG- groups. Correlation analyses demonstrated a negative correlation between the CTh of the rMTG and the UPDRS part II score in PD subjects, and a borderline significant correlation between the score of Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FoGQ) and rMTG CTh. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis revealed a cut-off point of CTh =3.08 mm in the rMTG that could be used to differentiate PD patients and HCs (AUC =0.79, P <0.01). There were no differences in the BrainSegVolNotVent or eTIV among the 3 groups. Conclusions: Our findings currently suggest no significant difference between FoG+ and FoG- patients in terms of structural gray matter changes. However, decreased CTh in the rMTG related to semantic control may be used as a biomarker to differentiate PD patients and HCs.

scholarly journals A longitudinal study of the association between basal ganglia volumes and psychomotor symptoms in subjects with late life depression undergoing ECT

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. A. Van Cauwenberge ◽  
F. Bouckaert ◽  
K. Vansteelandt ◽  
C. Adamson ◽  
F. L. De Winter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Left Caudate ◽  
The Right

AbstractPsychomotor dysfunction (PMD) is a core element and key contributor to disability in late life depression (LLD), which responds well to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The neurobiology of PMD and its response to ECT are not well understood. We hypothesized that PMD in LLD is associated with lower striatal volume, and that striatal volume increase following ECT explains PMD improvement. We analyzed data from a two-center prospective cohort study of 110 LLD subjects (>55 years) receiving ECT. Brain MRI and assessment of mood, cognition, and PMD was performed 1 week before, 1 week after, and 6 months after ECT. Volumetry of the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, and nucleus accumbens was derived from automatically segmented brain MRIs using Freesurfer®. Linear multiple regression analyses were used to study associations between basal ganglia volume and PMD. Brain MRI was available for 66 patients 1 week post ECT and in 22 patients also six months post ECT. Baseline PMD was associated with a smaller left caudate nucleus. One week after ECT, PMD improved and volume increases were detected bilaterally in the caudate nucleus and putamen, and in the right nucleus accumbens. Improved PMD after ECT did not relate to the significant volume increases in these structures, but was predicted by a nonsignificant volume change in the right globus pallidus. No volume differences were detected 6 months after ECT, compared to baseline. Although PMD is related to lower striatal volume in LLD, ECT-induced increase of striatal volume does not explain PMD improvement.

FC07-03 - Neurological soft signs and morphological changes of basal ganglia and thalamus in patients with first-episode psychosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1848-1848
Author(s):  
D. Hirjak ◽  
B. Stieltjes ◽  
K.H. Fritzsche ◽  
T. Wüstenberg ◽  
U. Seidl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Neurological Soft Signs ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

ObjectivesMinor motor and sensory deficits or neurological soft signs (NSS) are frequently found in individuals suffering from schizophrenia at any stage of their illness. The basal ganglia and the thalamus are accepted as being important for both motor control and integration of sensory input. However, whether NSS are related to structural alterations of these brain regions remains controversial.Method20 patients with a first-episode psychosis were investigated using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3 Tesla. NSS were examined on the Heidelberg Scale after remission of acute symptoms and correlated with volume and shape of striatum, pallidum and thalamus by using sophisticated MRI analyses, namely VBM-DARTEL (volume) and FSL-FIRST (shape).Results NSS scores in patients with schizophrenia were significantly associated with volumetric changes and surface alterations in all investigated areas. Associations remained significant when controlling for age, gender, education, medication and intracranial volume.ConclusionOur findings lend further support for an involvement of the basal ganglia and the thalamus in NSS.

B-08 Cerebral Blood Flow Differences at Baseline Between Cortical Regions in Tic Disorders Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 952-952
Author(s):  
B McDonald ◽  
A Lopez ◽  
D Lopez-Palacios ◽  
C Golden ◽  
D Amen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Tic Disorders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Tic Disorder ◽  
The Right

Abstract Objective To identify CBF differences between individuals with Tic Disorder and healthy controls. Methods The data for this study was acquired from a de-identified archival Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) database. The sample included a healthy control group (n = 83,age M = 42.02,54.22% female) and a second group included individuals diagnosed with Tic Disorder (n = 177,age M = 33.54,83.05% male). Significant differences were found for gender [χ(2) = 41.16,p < .001] between groups. As a result, ANCOVAs were conducted to measure CBF differences across the brain using SPECT scans between the two groups while controlling for gender. Results Results showed significant differences between the two groups and perfusion in 4 brain regions. Hypo-perfusion in the Tic Disorder group was observed in the right basal ganglia [F(1,260) = 30.959,p < .001] and left [F(1,260) = 32.16,p < .001]. Hyper-perfusion was found in the right cerebellum [F(1,260) = 16.63,p < .001], and left [F(1,260) = 22.17,p < .001] in the same group. Conclusion Results indicate that individuals with tic disorders have diminished CBF than healthy controls in both sides of the basal ganglia. This contrasts previous studies, which have shown that individuals with tic disorders have more CBF in the basal ganglia. Further research is needed to understand this inconsistency; a possible explanation is that there is an inhibiting effect on the basal ganglia. Increased CBF in both sides of the cerebellum supports previous research as this cortical area has been shown to have connections with the basal ganglia, activating the pathway that trigger the motor tics. Tic disorders are usually associated with other comorbidities therefore the sample may have other diagnoses that affect blood flow. Future research should control for potential comorbidities.

scholarly journals Volume of Amygdala Subregions and Clinical Manifestations in Patients With First-Episode, Drug-Naïve Major Depression

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Tesen ◽  
Keita Watanabe ◽  
Naomichi Okamoto ◽  
Atsuko Ikenouchi ◽  
Ryohei Igata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Subscale Score ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Linear Association ◽  
Hamd Score ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lateral Nucleus

We examined amygdala subregion volumes in patients with a first episode of major depression (MD) and in healthy subjects. Covariate-adjusted linear regression was performed to compare the MD and healthy groups, and adjustments for age, gender, and total estimated intracranial volume showed no differences in amygdala subregion volumes between the healthy and MD groups. Within the MD group, we examined the association between amygdala subregion volume and the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) score and the HAMD subscale score, and found no association in the left amygdala. In the right amygdala, however, there was an inverse linear association between the HAMD total and the HAMD core and lateral nucleus and anterior-amygdaloid-regions. Furthermore, an inverse linear association was seen between the HAMD psychic and the lateral nucleus, anterior-amygdaloid-regions, transition, and whole amygdala. The findings of this study suggest that the severity of MD and some symptoms of MD are associated with right amygdala volume. There have been few reports on the relationship between MD and amygdala subregional volume, and further research is needed to accumulate more data for further validation.

Suicidal Ideation and Self-Determination in Institutionalized Elderly

Crisis ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrée Fortin ◽  
Sylvie Lapierre ◽  
Jacques Baillargeon ◽  
Réal Labelle ◽  
Micheline Dubé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Determination ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Rational Suicide ◽  
Institutionalized Elderly ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Social Subscale ◽  
Civil Status ◽  
The Right ◽  
Taking Action

The right to self-determination is central to the current debate on rational suicide in old age. The goal of this exploratory study was to assess the presence of self-determination in suicidal institutionalized elderly persons. Eleven elderly persons with serious suicidal ideations were matched according to age, sex, and civil status with 11 nonsuicidal persons. The results indicated that suicidal persons did not differ from nonsuicidal persons in level of self-determination. There was, however, a significant difference between groups on the social subscale. Suicidal elderly persons did not seem to take others into account when making a decision or taking action. The results are discussed from a suicide-prevention perspective.

DeVega versus ring annuloplasty in severe functional tricuspid insufficiency and their impact on the right ventricle

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Yasser Hamdy ◽  
Mohammed Mahmoud Mostafa ◽  
Ahmed Elminshawy
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Tricuspid Regurgitation ◽  
Early Postoperative Period ◽  
Tricuspid Valve Repair ◽  
Ring Annuloplasty ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right

Background: Functional tricuspid valve regurgitation secondary to left-sided valve disease is common. DeVega repair is simple, but residual regurgitation with subsequent impairment of the right ventricular function is a concern. This study aims to compare tricuspid valve repair using DeVega vs. ring annuloplasty and their impact on the right ventricle in the early postoperative period and after six months. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of 51 patients with rheumatic heart disease who underwent tricuspid valve repair for secondary severe tricuspid regurgitation. Patients were divided into two groups: group A; DeVega repair (n=34) and group B; ring annuloplasty repair (n=17). Patients were assessed clinically and by echocardiography before discharge and after six months for the degree of tricuspid regurgitation, right ventricular diameter and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE). Results: Preoperative echocardiographic assessment showed no difference in left ventricular end-systolic diameter, end-diastolic diameter, ejection fraction and right ventricular diameter, however; group A had significantly better preoperative right ventricular function measured by TAPSE (1.96 ± 0.27 vs1.75 ± 0.31 cm; p=0.02). Group B had significantly longer cardiopulmonary bypass time (127.65 ± 13.56 vs. 111.74 ± 18.74 minutes; p= 0.003) and ischemic time (99.06 ± 11.80 vs. 87.15 ± 16.01 minutes; p= 0.009). Pre-discharge, there was no statistically significant difference in the degree of tricuspid regurgitation, but the right ventricular diameter was significantly lower in group B (2.66 ± 0.41 and 2.40 ± 0.48 cm; p=0.049). After six months of follow up, the degree of tricuspid regurgitation (p= 0.029) and the right ventricular diameter were significantly lower in the ring annuloplasty group (2.56 ± 0.39 and 2.29 ± 0.44 cm; p=0.029). Although there was a statistically significant difference in preoperative TAPSE, this difference disappeared after six months. Conclusion: Both DeVega and ring annuloplasty techniques were effective in the early postoperative period, ring annuloplasty was associated with lesser residual regurgitation and better right ventricular remodeling in severe functional tricuspid regurgitation than DeVega procedure after 6-months of follow up.

Growth of prefrontal and limbic brain regions and anxiety disorders in children born very preterm

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Courtney P. Gilchrist ◽  
Deanne K. Thompson ◽  
Bonnie Alexander ◽  
Claire E. Kelly ◽  
Karli Treyvaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Children born very preterm (VP) display altered growth in corticolimbic structures compared with full-term peers. Given the association between the cortiocolimbic system and anxiety, this study aimed to compare developmental trajectories of corticolimbic regions in VP children with and without anxiety diagnosis at 13 years. Methods MRI data from 124 VP children were used to calculate whole brain and corticolimbic region volumes at term-equivalent age (TEA), 7 and 13 years. The presence of an anxiety disorder was assessed at 13 years using a structured clinical interview. Results VP children who met criteria for an anxiety disorder at 13 years (n = 16) displayed altered trajectories for intracranial volume (ICV, p < 0.0001), total brain volume (TBV, p = 0.029), the right amygdala (p = 0.0009) and left hippocampus (p = 0.029) compared with VP children without anxiety (n = 108), with trends in the right hippocampus (p = 0.062) and left medial orbitofrontal cortex (p = 0.079). Altered trajectories predominantly reflected slower growth in early childhood (0–7 years) for ICV (β = −0.461, p = 0.020), TBV (β = −0.503, p = 0.021), left (β = −0.518, p = 0.020) and right hippocampi (β = −0.469, p = 0.020) and left medial orbitofrontal cortex (β = −0.761, p = 0.020) and did not persist after adjusting for TBV and social risk. Conclusions Region- and time-specific alterations in the development of the corticolimbic system in children born VP may help to explain an increase in anxiety disorders observed in this population.

scholarly journals POS0586 RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IS AN INFLAMMATORY DISEASE WITH A HIGH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 526.1-526
Author(s):  
L. Nacef ◽  
H. Riahi ◽  
Y. Mabrouk ◽  
H. Ferjani ◽  
K. Maatallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Background:Hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia are traditional risk factors of cardiac events. Carotid ultrasonography is an available way to detect subclinical atherosclerosis.Objectives:This study aimed to compare the intima-media thickness in RA patients based on their personal cardiovascular (CV) history of hypertension (hypertension), diabetes, and dyslipidemia.Methods:The present study is a prospective study conducted on Tunisian RA patients in the rheumatology department of Mohamed Kassab University Hospital (March and December 2020). The characteristics of the patients and those of the disease were collected.The high-resolution B-mode carotid US measured the IMT, according to American Society of Echocardiography guidelines. The carotid bulb below its bifurcation and the internal and external carotid arteries were evaluated bilaterally with grayscale, spectral, and color Doppler ultrasonography using proprietary software for carotid artery measurements. IMT was measured using the two inner layers of the common carotid artery, and an increased IMT was defined as ≥0.9 mm. A Framingham score was calculated to predict the cardiovascular risk at 10-year.Results:Forty-seven patients were collected, 78.7% of whom were women. The mean age was 52.5 ±11.06 [32-76]. The rheumatoid factor (RF) was positive in 57.8% of cases, and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) were positive in 62.2% of cases. RA was erosive in 81.6% of cases. Hypertension (hypertension) was present in 14.9% of patients, diabetes in 12.8% of patients, and dyslipidemia in 12.8% of patients. Nine patients were active smokers. The mean IMT in the left common carotid (LCC) was 0.069 ±0.015, in the left internal carotid (LIC) was 0.069 ±0.015, in the left external carotid (LEC) was 0.060 ±0.023. The mean IMT was 0.068 ±0.01 in the right common carotid (RCC), 0.062 ±0.02 in the right internal carotid (RIC), and 0.060 ±0.016 in the right external carotid (REC). The IMT was significantly higher in the left common carotid (LCC) in patients with hypertension (p=0.025). There was no significant difference in the other ultrasound sites (LIC, LEC, RCC, RIC, and REC) according to the presence or absence of hypertension. The IMT was also significantly increased in patients with diabetes at LCC (p=0.017) and RIC (p=0.025). There was no significant difference in the IMT at different ultrasound sites between patients with and without dyslipidemia.Conclusion:Hypertension was significantly associated with the increase in IMT at the LCC level in RA patients. Diabetes had an impact on IMT in LCC and RIC. However, dyslipidemia did not affect the IMT at the different ultrasound sites.References:[1]S. Gunter and al. Arterial wave reflection and subclinical atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 2018; 36: Clinical E.xperimental.[2]Aslan and al. Assessment of local carotid stiffness in seronegative and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. SCANDINAVIAN CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL, 2017.[3]Martin I. Wah-Suarez and al, Carotid ultrasound findings in rheumatoid arthritis and control subjects: A case-control study. Int J Rheum Dis. 2018;1–7.[4]Gobbic C and al. Marcadores subclínicos de aterosclerosis y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en artritis temprana. Subclinical markers of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors in early arthritis marcadores subclínicos de aterosclerose e fatores de risco cardiovascular na artrite precoce.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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