scholarly journals Decoding Covert Speech From EEG-A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerrin Thomas Panachakel ◽  
Angarai Ganesan Ramakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Vocal Communication ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Natural Form ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The One

Over the past decade, many researchers have come up with different implementations of systems for decoding covert or imagined speech from EEG (electroencephalogram). They differ from each other in several aspects, from data acquisition to machine learning algorithms, due to which, a comparison between different implementations is often difficult. This review article puts together all the relevant works published in the last decade on decoding imagined speech from EEG into a single framework. Every important aspect of designing such a system, such as selection of words to be imagined, number of electrodes to be recorded, temporal and spatial filtering, feature extraction and classifier are reviewed. This helps a researcher to compare the relative merits and demerits of the different approaches and choose the one that is most optimal. Speech being the most natural form of communication which human beings acquire even without formal education, imagined speech is an ideal choice of prompt for evoking brain activity patterns for a BCI (brain-computer interface) system, although the research on developing real-time (online) speech imagery based BCI systems is still in its infancy. Covert speech based BCI can help people with disabilities to improve their quality of life. It can also be used for covert communication in environments that do not support vocal communication. This paper also discusses some future directions, which will aid the deployment of speech imagery based BCI for practical applications, rather than only for laboratory experiments.

scholarly journals Visual Number Beats Abstract Numerical Magnitude: Format-dependent Representation of Arabic Digits and Dot Patterns in Human Parietal Cortex

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1376-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Bulthé ◽  
Bert De Smedt ◽  
Hans P. Op de Beeck
Keyword(s):  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Numerical Cognition ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Numerical Magnitude ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Arabic Digits ◽  
The One ◽  
Object Cognition

In numerical cognition, there is a well-known but contested hypothesis that proposes an abstract representation of numerical magnitude in human intraparietal sulcus (IPS). On the other hand, researchers of object cognition have suggested another hypothesis for brain activity in IPS during the processing of number, namely that this activity simply correlates with the number of visual objects or units that are perceived. We contrasted these two accounts by analyzing multivoxel activity patterns elicited by dot patterns and Arabic digits of different magnitudes while participants were explicitly processing the represented numerical magnitude. The activity pattern elicited by the digit “8” was more similar to the activity pattern elicited by one dot (with which the digit shares the number of visual units but not the magnitude) compared to the activity pattern elicited by eight dots, with which the digit shares the represented abstract numerical magnitude. A multivoxel pattern classifier trained to differentiate one dot from eight dots classified all Arabic digits in the one-dot pattern category, irrespective of the numerical magnitude symbolized by the digit. These results were consistently obtained for different digits in IPS, its subregions, and many other brain regions. As predicted from object cognition theories, the number of presented visual units forms the link between the parietal activation elicited by symbolic and nonsymbolic numbers. The current study is difficult to reconcile with the hypothesis that parietal activation elicited by numbers would reflect a format-independent representation of number.

scholarly journals Literature Review on Fingerprint Level 1 and Level 2 Features Enhancement to Improve Quality of Image

2017 ◽  
pp. 8-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad K. ◽  
P. S. Aithal
Keyword(s):  
Recognition System ◽  
Fingerprint Recognition ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Global Features ◽  
Basic Premise ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
The One ◽  
Level 2

Biometrics is the one most popular property in human distinguishing proof based on physical or behavioral features. The different physiological characteristics are Fingerprint, DNA, Face, hand, retina, ear features, and odor, where as behavioral characteristics or features are typing rhythm, gait, gesture, and voice with the basic premise that all are unique and all human beings are identified by these intrinsic traits. In the physiological traits, Fingerprint is most commonly utilized the biometric feature in diverse fields for identification and verification purpose. Fingerprint features can be separated into three noteworthy classifications in view of the granularity at which they are removed as level 1, level 2, and level 3 features. Level 1 feature contains macro details, which are easily extractable and include orientation filed, ridge frequency filed and pattern configuration. Only these global features or Level 1 features are not sufficient to uniquely identify or recognize, but if these features are used along with level 2 or level 3 features, that can make the fingerprint recognition system more robust and secure. Level1 features are used for image enhancement and orientation purpose. In this paper, we made a survey of existing literature on Level 1 features and try to analyze other researcher's contribution to this field.

scholarly journals HEWAN PELIHARAAN SEBAGAI HUMAN SUBSTITUTE DALAM KELUARGAJEPANG

KIRYOKU ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Fajria Noviana
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Japanese Family ◽  
Pet Attachment ◽  
The Family ◽  
The One ◽  
Human Awareness

Pets as  human substitute in Japanese family. This study aims to describe the Japanese society's view of pets, especially in relation to the substitution of the position of family members, especially children, in a family. This is in line with the emergence of a phenomenon whereby the presence of children in the family has been replaced by pets, especially for those who choose not to have children or elderly citizens. The method used is analytical descriptive method and literature study. From the analysis results, it is known that the presence of pets in lieu of the presence of friends, family members, even biological child (human substitute) for some Japanese is a necessity. On the one hand, this can be seen as something positive because it raises human awareness in animals. But on the other hand, this can be interpreted as a decrease in the quantity and quality of interaction among human beings, which in the long term can affect a person's ability to show empathy to others.Keywords: pet; pet attachment; human substitute

scholarly journals THE EXPERIENCE OF ABSURDITY: EXISTENTIALISTIC PARADIGM AND PARADIGM OF THEATRE OF THE ABSURD (WITH REGARD TO SAMUEL BECKET'S PLAY 'NOT I')

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
H. O. Verbivska
Keyword(s):  
Albert Camus ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Inner Experience ◽  
Dramatic Monologue ◽  
Existential Crisis ◽  
Theatre Of The Absurd ◽  
The Face ◽  
Theatrical Representation ◽  
The One

This article circles around the phenomenon of absurdity and absurd which appears to be greatly elaborated by Albert Camus and Theatre of the Absurd. The article reflects mainly upon Becket's dramatic monologue "Not I", which might be characterized as a sort of missing link between two forms of absurd. The style of Albert Camus puts emphasis on the inner experience extrapolated by means of the author. In this sense, the feeling of despair and existential crisis, typical for existentialism in general, brings into existence the absurdity of being as such. In comparison with that, the manner, in which Theatre of the Absurd presents current states of things, organizes the comic dimension of a given situation. To put it another way, Theatre of the Absurd sets up living intersubjectivity, which is a sense-formative precondition of the laughter, and dynamic omnipresence of the inner experience literally declared on the scene. Becket's "Not I" deploys, on the one hand, the existentialistic understanding of human beings, and, on the other, the theatrical representation injected with intersubjectivity. The article takes into account Deleuzian approach towards cinematography in order to conceptualize Becket's play. The notion of affection-image, which is taken from Deleuze, illustrates the structure and essentially the nature of images taking place in "Not I". Becket draws special attention to the image of the voice with regard to audial metaphors, which the main heroine uses during all the time of self-enunciation. Behind the words that she speaks there is an implicit trauma, which is unknown to the contemplators of the performance. It is noteworthy to admit that the organization of the play makes visible only the mouth of the heroine whereas everything remains in the shadows. Deleuzian affection-image deals with annihilated spatial-temporal coordinates and absolutization of the face (faceification). The quality of metaphors in the monologue and the decoration of space establish the phenomenon of absurdity in Becket's "Not I".

scholarly journals Knowledge Transfer, Knowledge Acquisition and Qualifications in the Context of Rural Development in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-70
Author(s):  
Jarosław Greser ◽  
Ryszard Kamiński ◽  
Piotr Klatta ◽  
Wojciech Knieć ◽  
Jonatan Martinez-Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Informal Education ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Transfer System ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Informal Knowledge ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
The One

Abstract The aim of this study is to analyse the knowledge acquisition and transfer system in rural Poland, in comparison with nonrural areas. In addition, to determine the importance of market qualifications and the effects that the Integrated Qualification System can have in the rural areas. This study shows that life in the countryside is becoming more diverse and agriculture is no longer the main source of income because the share of income from non-agricultural activities is increasing. This is linked to the fact that rural areas have become more attractive for the development of non-agricultural jobs, which in turn is associated with the need not only to raise, but also to confirm qualifications acquired in everyday activities. The conducted analysis shows that acquisition and transfer of knowledge can come from two different platforms, individual and supralocal. These platforms work in two totally different ways. Our analysis also shows a gap between formal and non-formal or informal education in relation to the rural areas´ needs. This gap can be bridged by using the Integrated Qualification System. Like a bidirectional tool, this system works on the one hand confirming acquired skills and knowledge, and on the other hand incorporating and updating the formal education system with non-formal or informal knowledge. The recognition of informal or non-formal qualifications has an important role in sustainable development and improving quality of life of rural areas. The article refers to the issue of qualifications of rural population, it is difficult to consider this issue in isolation from rural areas. The aim of the authors was to focus on the analysis of the issue of qualifications among people directly related to the countryside. The authors do not refer only to farmers, nevertheless, the reference to this social group finds its justification in the studies that are cited.

scholarly journals Values of Akhlak Education Based on Suluk Tareeqa Naqsyabandiyah Kholidiyah

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-220
Author(s):  
Setyo Pambudi ◽  
Ahmad Wahyu Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Structured Analysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

This study raises the theme of the values ​​of Moral-Based Moral Education in the Naqsyabandiyah Kholidiyah Islamic Boarding School of Al-Manshur Popongan Klaten. The research method used is qualitative method, using the one used is phenomenology, the subject is the Murshid of the Naqshabandiyah Khalidiyah Order, the Naqshyabandiyah Khalidiyah Congregation and religious figures around the popongan Islamic boarding school, analyzing the data using structured analysis methods, monitoring, and triangulation of data. The results of his research are: 1) Moral Education in the Procession of Suluk Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah Kholidiyah Boarding School Al-Manshur Popongan Klaten. Based on the content of the requirements and the harmony of the above, that in the procession of suluk it takes the values ​​of moral education that is able to improve the quality of human beings to be perfect beings. And in it there are morals towards Allah SWT, Teachers, Students and Fellow. The implementation of suluk can also be actualized in social life, 2) Values ​​of moral education in the Suluk Naqsyabandiyah Kholidiyah pesantren Al-Mansur Boarding School in Klongan. That contains moral education which includes: 1. Morals towards God, namely Repentance, Gratitude, Tawakal, and Ikhlas. 2. Morals towards Teachers, namely Ridho, Ta'dzim, Obedience and Amanah. 3. Morals towards Yourself, namely Sidiq, Mujahadah, Istiqomah and Wara '. 4. Morals towards Others, C) Implementation of Suluk Naqsyabandiyah Kholidiyah in Community or Daily Life. 1. Ukhuwah Islamiyah, 2. Tawadhu ’, 3. Ta'awun and 4. Husnudzan

Android Robot SAYA

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Hashimoto ◽  
◽  
Hiroshi Kobayashi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Simulated Patient ◽  
Psychiatric Education ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Medical Interview ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Interview Training ◽  
Android Robot

This paper introduces the android robot SAYA and its applications. SAYA was developed to enable human beings and robots to communicate emotions. SAYA shows six basic facial expressions: surprise, fear, disgust, anger, sadness, and happiness. In order to improve the quality of facial expressions and its reality, the android robot which mimics a real human being was also developed. The suggested practical applications for SAYA are a receptionist and a remote teacher. The android robot SAYA is also serving as a simulated patient for medical interview training in psychiatric education.

Intensieve Geneeskunde ‐ therapeutisch beleid of therapeutische hardnekkigheid?

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Karin Janssen van Doorn
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The One

These days people, both men and women, are growing older. Due to a wide variety of factors, such as medical cure, care and comfort life expectancy has risen. As a consequence, human beings are intent upon ameliorating the quality of their life. That is why they turn to the medical agencies. To the rising expectations physicians, nurses, etc. respond in two ways. On the one hand they develop therapeutic policies carefully and on the other they limit obstinate therapies, while promoting a smooth professional equilibrium, particularly in the field of intensive care. However, first of all they should deal with their patients as a goal and not as a means.

The Impact of Growing Environment on the Organ Development of White Mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 176-179
Author(s):  
Xian Chao Kong ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Min Xu ◽  
Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Organ Development ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ordinary Particle

This essay has applied 6 kinds of different materials, studied the impact of white mice’s growth and their organ development in the feeding boxes which are made of 6 kinds of different materials, such as red-pine plain board, red-pine painted board, veneer particle board, ordinary particle board, formaldehyde painted particle board, and plastic. Discover the indoor microenvironment to be fit for the growth of white mice through dissection, determination and comparative analysis of organ weights. The result indicates that white mice are living in the feeding box made of red-pine plain board whose cardiac index is the highest, the index is in the middle for the one living in the veneer particle board and plastic feeding box, the index is lower for the one living in the red-pine box with painted alkyd varnish and ordinary particle board, and the lowest one is living in the particle board box brushed with formaldehyde; The measured value of white mice’s lungs is highest in the red-pine box. It takes second place in the veneer particle board box, others are in the middle, and the lowest one is in the box brushed with formaldehyde; white mice’s liver index is highest in the red-pine box with painted alkyd varnish, it takes second place in red-pine box without painting, and it is the lowest in the ordinary particle board box and particle board box brushed with formaldehyde; white mice’s thymus index is the highest in the plastic box, it is relatively higher in red-pine box and the red-pine box painted with alkyd varnish, and it is the lowest in the particle board box brushed with formaldehyde; white mice’s kidney index (two kidneys) is the highest in the red-pine box with painted alkyd varnish, and it is the lowest in the particle board box brushed with formaldehyde. This shows that wooden environment has the positive effect on feeding white mice. Rooms in homes are the major place for Man’s living and working. Human beings could spend 2/3 of the whole life in the indoor environment. Along with the social progress, economic development, enhanced living standard, and constantly pursuing the quality of life, people are more and more concerned with the structure of living and working space. Rooms are not merely a shelter from the storm, and the more important is to provide a better working and learning environment as well as a comfortable rest place. Therefore, the quality of the indoor environment is influencing Man’s work and study directly. It concerns Man’s survival and health. Research of the relationships between indoor environment and Man’s survival and health, especially studying the impacts of indoor environment on health of growth and breeding, is increasingly becoming a topic not to be ignored [1].

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document