scholarly journals COVID-19: Sleep, Circadian Rhythms and Immunity – Repurposing Drugs and Chronotherapeutics for SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Giri ◽  
Ashokkumar Srinivasan ◽  
Isaac Kirubakaran Sundar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has affected nearly 28 million people in the United States and has caused more than five hundred thousand deaths as of February 21, 2021. As the novel coronavirus continues to take its toll in the United States and all across the globe, particularly among the elderly (>65 years), clinicians and translational researchers are taking a closer look at the nexus of sleep, circadian rhythms and immunity that may contribute toward a more severe coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2-induced multi-organ failure affects both central and peripheral organs, causing increased mortality in the elderly. However, whether differences in sleep, circadian rhythms, and immunity between older and younger individuals contribute to the age-related differences in systemic dysregulation of target organs observed in SARS-CoV-2 infection remain largely unknown. Current literature demonstrates the emerging role of sleep, circadian rhythms, and immunity in the development of chronic pulmonary diseases and respiratory infections in human and mouse models. The exact mechanism underlying acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and other cardiopulmonary complications in elderly patients in combination with associated comorbidities remain unclear. Nevertheless, understanding the critical role of sleep, circadian clock dysfunction in target organs, and immune status of patients with SARS-CoV-2 may provide novel insights into possible therapies. Chronotherapy is an emerging concept that is gaining attention in sleep medicine. Accumulating evidence suggests that nearly half of all physiological functions follow a strict daily rhythm. However, healthcare professionals rarely take implementing timed-administration of drugs into consideration. In this review, we summarize recent findings directly relating to the contributing roles of sleep, circadian rhythms and immune response in modulating infectious disease processes, and integrate chronotherapy in the discussion of the potential drugs that can be repurposed to improve the treatment and management of COVID-19.

scholarly journals May the force be with you: Transfer of healthy mitochondria from stem cells to stroke cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar V Borlongan ◽  
Hung Nguyen ◽  
Trenton Lippert ◽  
Eleonora Russo ◽  
Julian Tuazon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunctions ◽  
Limited Therapeutic Option ◽  
The World

Stroke is a major cause of death and disability in the United States and around the world with limited therapeutic option. Here, we discuss the critical role of mitochondria in stem cell-mediated rescue of stroke brain by highlighting the concept that deleting the mitochondria from stem cells abolishes the cells’ regenerative potency. The application of innovative approaches entailing generation of mitochondria-voided stem cells as well as pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial function may elucidate the mechanism underlying transfer of healthy mitochondria to ischemic cells, thereby providing key insights in the pathology and treatment of stroke and other brain disorders plagued with mitochondrial dysfunctions.

scholarly journals The role of race and scientific trust on support for COVID-19 social distancing measures in the United States

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254127
Author(s):  
Sara Kazemian ◽  
Sam Fuller ◽  
Carlos Algara
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Institutional Trust ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Media ◽  
Racial Lines ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Pundits and academics across disciplines note that the human toll brought forth by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States (U.S.) is fundamentally unequal for communities of color. Standing literature on public health posits that one of the chief predictors of racial disparity in health outcomes is a lack of institutional trust among minority communities. Furthermore, in our own county-level analysis from the U.S., we find that counties with higher percentages of Black and Hispanic residents have had vastly higher cumulative deaths from COVID-19. In light of this standing literature and our own analysis, it is critical to better understand how to mitigate or prevent these unequal outcomes for any future pandemic or public health emergency. Therefore, we assess the claim that raising institutional trust, primarily scientific trust, is key to mitigating these racial inequities. Leveraging a new, pre-pandemic measure of scientific trust, we find that trust in science, unlike trust in politicians or the media, significantly raises support for COVID-19 social distancing policies across racial lines. Our findings suggest that increasing scientific trust is essential to garnering support for public health policies that lessen the severity of the current, and potentially a future, pandemic.

scholarly journals Political Ideology and the Outbreak of COVID-19 in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

At the state level within the United States, did political ideology predict the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19)? Throughout March 2020, the United States became the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic, recording the most cases of any country worldwide. The current research found that, at the state level within the United States, more conservative political ideology predicted delayed implementation of stay-at-home orders and more rapid spread of COVID-19. Effects were significant across two distinct operationalizations of political ideology and held over and above relevant covariates, suggesting a potentially unique role of political ideology in the United States’ COVID-19 outbreak. Considering political ideological factors may offer valuable insights into epidemiological processes surrounding COVID-19.

Introduction to the Special Issue: Understanding the Direct Support Workforce in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-191
Author(s):  
Carol B. Laws ◽  
Amy S. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Full Inclusion ◽  
Direct Support ◽  
Direct Support Professionals ◽  
Increasing Demand

Abstract This special issue on the direct support workforce highlights the critical role of the direct support workforce in the quality of life of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in the United States. Although there is increasing demand for this workforce, challenges in the recruitment, training, and retention of direct support professionals (DSPs) threatens the safety, health, and full inclusion of people with IDD living in the community. This special issue brings to the forefront current research to understand this workforce and their importance and to consider strategies to address the complex challenges facing DSPs so that people with disabilities can live and thrive in their communities.

Aging in the People's Republic of China

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrna Lewis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Socialist Government ◽  
Personal Visit

The Chinese approach to old age is a blend of 4,000 years of recorded culture; a predominately agricultural past and present, and a thirty year old socialist government. Valuable insights are gained regarding aging in China through the description of Chinese elderly life in context with China's past and present. Pertinent questions are asked concerning the role of the elderly in China's future. Although lacking the references and methodology usually accompanying articles published in this journal, this paper is based on discussions with a number of Chinese living in the United States and Hong Kong, American experts on China, brief discussions with members of the Chinese Liaison Office (now the Chinese Embassy), an interview with Dr. Ma Hai-teh (George Hatem), a personal visit to China in the summer of 1978, and a review of literature on China, It offers an opportunity to become acquainted with the conditions of the elderly in another social and political system.

Of Poker, Roles, and Aging: Description, Discussion, and Data

1973 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ken Stone ◽  
Richard A. Kalish
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Business

Gambling, a $50 billion annual business and a source of sporadic pleasure and pain for at least one-fourth and most likely well over one-half of the adult residents of the United States, is rarely looked at by behavioral scientists. The authors studied participants in legally organized poker palaces in California, with particular attention to the role of the elderly. A personally distributed questionnaire produced 29 usable responses, approximately half from persons over age 65. Analysis indicated that all except one of the older players expect to lose, while most of the younger players expect to win. Additional results are presented and an interpretation based upon locus of control is made.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document