scholarly journals Aberrant Intraregional Brain Activity and Functional Connectivity in Patients With Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Fei Chen ◽  
Yun Guo ◽  
Xing-Qi Lu ◽  
Le Qi ◽  
Kuang-Hui Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Fmri Data ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
Postcentral Gyrus ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Right

Background and PurposeThe appearance and aggravation of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) have proven to be closely related to psychosocial factors. We aimed to measure altered spontaneous brain activity and functional connectivity (FC) in patients with IBS-D using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) and to analyze the relationship between these parameters and emotional symptoms.MethodsThirty-six adult IBS-D patients and thirty-six demographic-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent RS-fMRI scans. After processing RS-fMRI data, the values of the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) of the two groups were compared. The abnormal regions were selected as the regions of interest to compare whole-brain seed-based FC between the groups. The relationships between RS-fMRI data and mood and gastrointestinal symptoms were analyzed using correlation and mediation analyses.ResultsCompared with HCs, IBS-D patients showed increased ALFF in the right cerebellum posterior lobe, the right lingual gyrus/calcarine, the right postcentral gyrus, the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG), and middle frontal gyrus (MFG), with decreased ALFF in the right inferior parietal lobule, the right striatum, the right anterior cingulated cortex, the right insula, the right hippocampus, the right thalamus, the right midbrain, and the left precuneus. IBS-D patients showed increased ReHo in the bilateral lingual gyrus/calcarine, the bilateral SFG, the right MFG, and the right postcentral gyrus, with decreased ReHo in the orbital part of the left inferior frontal gyrus and the right supplementary motor area. Patients showed enhanced FC between the left precuneus and the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). There was a positive correlation between increased ALFF values in the right midbrain and anxiety-depression symptoms in IBS-D patients, and the mediating effect of gastrointestinal symptoms indirectly caused this correlation.ConclusionIBS-D patients had dysregulated spontaneous activity and FC in regions related to pain regulation and emotional arousal involved in prefrontal–limbic–midbrain circuit and somatosensory processing. The development of mood disorders in IBS-D patients may be partly related to the dysfunction of components in the dopamine pathway (especially the midbrain, OFC) due to visceral pain.

scholarly journals Altered Functional Connectivity of the Primary Visual Cortex in Patients With Iridocyclitis and Assessment of Its Predictive Value Using Machine Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Tong ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
Chen-Xing Qi ◽  
Yin Shen
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Permutation Test ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Fmri Data ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Postcentral Gyrus ◽  
The Right

PurposeTo explore the intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) alteration of the primary visual cortex (V1) between individuals with iridocyclitis and healthy controls (HCs) by the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique, and to investigate whether FC findings be used to differentiate patients with iridocyclitis from HCs.MethodsTwenty-six patients with iridocyclitis and twenty-eight well-matched HCs were recruited in our study and underwent resting-state fMRI examinations. The fMRI data were analyzed by Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM12), Data Processing and Analysis for Brain Imaging (DPABI), and Resting State fMRI Data Analysis Toolkit (REST) software. Differences in FC signal values of the V1 between the individuals with iridocyclitis and HCs were compared using independent two-sample t-tests. Significant differences in FC between two groups were chosen as classification features for distinguishing individuals with iridocyclitis from HCs using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier that involved machine learning. Classifier performance was evaluated using permutation test analysis.ResultsCompared with HCs, patients with iridocyclitis displayed significantly increased FC between the left V1 and left cerebellum crus1, left cerebellum 10, bilateral inferior temporal gyrus, right hippocampus, and left superior occipital gyrus. Moreover, patients with iridocyclitis displayed significantly lower FC between the left V1 and both the bilateral calcarine and bilateral postcentral gyrus. Patients with iridocyclitis also exhibited significantly higher FC values between the right V1 and left cerebellum crus1, bilateral thalamus, and left middle temporal gyrus; while they displayed significantly lower FC between the right V1 and both the bilateral calcarine and bilateral postcentral gyrus (voxel-level P<0.01, Gaussian random field correction, cluster-level P<0.05). Our results showed that 63.46% of the participants were correctly classified using the leave-one-out cross-validation technique with an SVM classifier based on the FC of the left V1; and 67.31% of the participants were correctly classified based on the FC of the right V1 (P<0.001, non-parametric permutation test).ConclusionPatients with iridocyclitis displayed significantly disturbed FC between the V1 and various brain regions, including vision-related, somatosensory, and cognition-related regions. The FC variability could distinguish patients with iridocyclitis from HCs with substantial accuracy. These findings may aid in identifying the potential neurological mechanisms of impaired visual function in individuals with iridocyclitis.

scholarly journals Digestive symptoms in daily life of chronic adrenal insufficiency patients are similar to irritable bowel syndrome symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Quénéhervé ◽  
D. Drui ◽  
J. Blin ◽  
M. Péré ◽  
E. Coron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Acute Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Rome Iv

AbstractGastrointestinal symptoms are frequent in acute adrenal insufficiency. Although digestive symptoms can significantly reduce quality of life, they are rarely described in patients with treated chronic adrenal insufficiency (CAI). We aimed to characterize digestive symptoms in CAI patients. We used the section pertaining functional bowel disorders of the Rome IV questionnaire. A questionnaire was published on the website of the non-profit patient association “Adrenals” (NPPA of CAI patients) for five months. Information on demographics, characteristics of adrenal insufficiency, digestive symptoms and quality of life was collected. The relatives of CAI patients served as a control group. We analyzed responses of 33 control subjects and 119 patients (68 primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI), 30 secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI) and 21 congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)). Abdominal pain at least once a week over the past 3 months was reported by 40%, 47% and 33% of patients with PAI, SAI and CAH respectively versus 15% for the controls (p = 0.01). Symptoms were consistent with the Rome IV criteria for irritable bowel syndrome in 27%, 33% and 33% of patients respectively versus 6% for the controls (p < 0.0001). Quality of life was described as poor or very poor in 35%, 57% and 24% of patients respectively versus 5% for the controls (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, digestive symptoms are frequent and incapacitating in CAI patients and similar to symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in 30% of CAI patients. Assessment and management of digestive symptoms should be considered a priority for physicians treating patients with CAI.

scholarly journals Irritable bowel syndrome in midlife women: a narrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Lin Yang ◽  
Margaret M. Heitkemper ◽  
Kendra J. Kamp
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Midlife Women ◽  
Pelvic Surgery ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Seek Health Care ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
Irritable Bowel

AbstractMidlife women between the ages of 40 and 65 years have reported multiple challenges due to menopausal, developmental, and situational transitions from younger to older adulthood. During the midlife period, many women seek health care for gastrointestinal symptoms and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Multiple factors including stress, poor sleep, diet, and physical inactivity may contribute to IBS or gastrointestinal symptoms in midlife women. As such, a comprehensive assessment and treatment approach is needed for midlife women suffering gastrointestinal symptoms. This article reviews the main aspects of the menopausal transition, sex hormonal changes, abdominal and pelvic surgery, psychosocial distress, behavioral factors, and gut microbiome, as well as their relevance on IBS and gastrointestinal symptoms in midlife women. Also, management strategies for IBS in midlife women are discussed. To date, gastrointestinal symptoms during midlife years remain a critical area of women’s health. Additional research is needed to better understand the contributors to gastrointestinal symptoms in this group. Such efforts may provide a new window to refine or develop treatments of gastrointestinal symptoms for midlife women.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Patterns of Alcohol Consumption and Gastrointestinal Symptoms Among Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerryn W Reding ◽  
Kevin C Cain ◽  
Monica E Jarrett ◽  
Margaret D Eugenio ◽  
Margaret M Heitkemper
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Applying a Low-FODMAP Dietary Intervention to a Female Ultraendurance Runner With Irritable Bowel Syndrome During a Multistage Ultramarathon

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie K. Gaskell ◽  
Ricardo J.S. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptom ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Severe Nausea ◽  
Dietary Analysis ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Fodmap Diet ◽  
The Impact

Malabsorption of fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) in response to prolonged exercise may increase incidence of upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS), which are known to impair exercise performance. This case study aimed to explore the impact of a low-FODMAP diet on exercise-associated GIS in a female ultraendurance runner diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome, competing in a 6-day 186.7-km mountainous multistage ultramarathon (MSUM). Irritable bowel syndrome symptom severity score at diagnosis was 410 and following a low-FODMAP diet (3.9 g FODMAPs/day) it reduced to 70. The diet was applied 6 days before (i.e., lead-in diet), and maintained during (5.1 g FODMAPs/day) the MSUM. Nutrition intake was analyzed through dietary analysis software. A validated 100-mm visual analog scale quantified GIS incidence and severity. GIS were modest during the MSUM (overall mean ± SD: bloating 27 ± 5 mm and flatulence 23 ± 8 mm), except severe nausea (67 ± 14 mm) experienced throughout. Total daily energy (11.7 ± 1.6 MJ/day) intake did not meet estimated energy requirements (range: 13.9–17.9 MJ/day). Total daily protein [1.4 ± 0.3 g·kg body weight (BW)−1·day−1], carbohydrate (9.1 ± 1.3 g·kg BW−1·day−1), fat (1.1 ± 0.2 g·kg BW−1·day−1), and water (78.7 ± 6.4 ml·kg BW−1·day−1) intakes satisfied current consensus guidelines, except for carbohydrates. Carbohydrate intake during running failed to meet recommendations (43 ± 9 g/hr). The runner successfully implemented a low-FODMAP diet and completed the MSUM with minimal GIS. However, suboptimal energy and carbohydrate intake occurred, potentially exacerbated by nausea associated with running at altitude.

scholarly journals Clinical Response and Changes of Cytokines and Zonulin Levels in Patients with Diarrhoea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Treated with Bifidobacterium Longum ES1 for 8 or 12 Weeks: A Preliminary Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2353
Author(s):  
Gian Paolo Caviglia ◽  
Alessandra Tucci ◽  
Rinaldo Pellicano ◽  
Sharmila Fagoonee ◽  
Chiara Rosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) ES1 is a probiotic strain capable of modulating microbiome composition, anti-inflammatory activity and intestinal barrier function. We investigated the use of B. Longum ES1 in the treatment of patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Sixteen patients were treated for 8 or 12 weeks with B. Longum ES1 (1 × 109 CFU/day). Serum zonulin and cytokines were measured at baseline (T0) and at the end of therapy (T1). Clinical response to therapy was assessed by IBS Severity Scoring System. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-12p70 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α levels decreased from T0 to T1, irrespective of treatment duration (p < 0.05), while zonulin levels diminished only in patients treated for 12 weeks (p = 0.036). Clinical response was observed in 5/16 patients (31%): 4/8 (50%) treated for 12 weeks and 1/8 (13%) treated for 8 weeks. Abdominal pain improved only in patients treated for 12 weeks (5/8 vs. 0/8, p = 0.025), while stool consistency improved regardless of therapy duration (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the results of this pilot study showed, in IBS-D patients treated for 12 weeks with B. longum ES1, a reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and intestinal permeability as well as an improvement in gastrointestinal symptoms, but further studies including a placebo-control group are necessary to prove a causal link.

scholarly journals Altered functional connectivity of the red nucleus and substantia nigra in migraine without aura

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobin Huang ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
Yuchen Chen ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Cunnan Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Red Nucleus ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Postcentral Gyrus ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Functional connectivity (FC) has been used to investigate the pathophysiology of migraine. Accumulating evidence is pointing toward malfunctioning of brainstem structures, i.e., the red nucleus (RN) and substantia nigra (SN), as an important factor in migraine without aura (MwoA). We aimed to identify atypical FC between the RN and SN and other brain areas in patients with MwoA and to explore the association between RN and SN connectivity changes and performance on neuropsychological tests in these patients. Methods Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were obtained from 30 patients with MwoA and 22 age-, sex-, and years of education-matched healthy controls (HC). The FC of the brainstem structures was analyzed using a standard seed-based whole-brain correlation method. The results of the brainstem structure FC were assessed for correlations with other clinical features. Results Patients with MwoA exhibited reduced left RN-based FC with the left middle frontal gyrus, reduced right RN-based FC with the ipsilateral superior parietal lobe, and increased FC with the ipsilateral cerebellum. Additionally, patients with MwoA demonstrated significantly decreased right SN-based FC with the right postcentral gyrus, left parietal lobule, and left superior frontal gyrus. Hypo-connectivity between the right SN and right postcentral gyrus was negatively correlated with disease duration (r = − 0.506, P = 0.004). Additionally, increased connectivity of the right RN to the ipsilateral cerebellar lobes was positively correlated with the Headache Impact Test-6 scores (r = 0.437, P = 0.016). Conclusions The present study suggested that patients with MwoA have disruption in their RN and SN resting-state networks, which are associated with specific clinical characteristics. The changes focus on the regions associated with cognitive evaluation, multisensory integration, and modulation of perception and pain, which may be associated with migraine production, feedback, and development. Taken together, these results may improve our understanding of the neuropathological mechanism of migraine.

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