scholarly journals COVID-19 and Food: Challenges and Research Needs

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietrich Knorr ◽  
Chor-San H. Khoo
Keyword(s):  
Research Needs ◽  
Food Behavior ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Supply Chain Disruptions ◽  
Surveillance Technology ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Food Challenges

The paper highlights several food and nutrition-related challenges encountered during the COVID-19 pandemic, including food and water safety, supply chain disruptions, food and water insecurity, consumer and food behavior, malnutrition and nutrient intakes, food surveillance technology, as well as potential post-COVID-19 strategies. Its main objective is to stimulate robust scientific discussions on existing research gaps and to develop long-term “exit strategies” to prepare for future pandemics.

scholarly journals Proceedings of the First Curing Coma Campaign NIH Symposium: Challenging the Future of Research for Coma and Disorders of Consciousness

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. 4-23
Author(s):  
Jan Claassen ◽  
Yama Akbari ◽  
Sheila Alexander ◽  
Mary Kay Bader ◽  
Kathleen Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurocritical Care ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
Large Datasets ◽  
Disorders Of Consciousness ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The World

AbstractComa and disorders of consciousness (DoC) are highly prevalent and constitute a burden for patients, families, and society worldwide. As part of the Curing Coma Campaign, the Neurocritical Care Society partnered with the National Institutes of Health to organize a symposium bringing together experts from all over the world to develop research targets for DoC. The conference was structured along six domains: (1) defining endotype/phenotypes, (2) biomarkers, (3) proof-of-concept clinical trials, (4) neuroprognostication, (5) long-term recovery, and (6) large datasets. This proceedings paper presents actionable research targets based on the presentations and discussions that occurred at the conference. We summarize the background, main research gaps, overall goals, the panel discussion of the approach, limitations and challenges, and deliverables that were identified.

scholarly journals Prolonged Maternal and Child Health, Food and Nutrition Problems after the Kumamoto Earthquake: Semantic Network Analysis of Interviews with Dietitians

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2309
Author(s):  
Nobuyo Tsuboyama-Kasaoka ◽  
Mari Hamada ◽  
Kae Ohnishi ◽  
Sakiko Ueda ◽  
Yukako Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Kumamoto Earthquake ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Mothers And Children ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
And Child Health

Infants need sufficient nutrients even during disasters. Only qualitative descriptive analysis has been reported regarding nutritional problems of mothers and children after the Kumamoto earthquake, and non-subjective analysis is required. This study examined issues concerning maternal and child health, food and nutrition after the Kumamoto earthquake using automatic computer quantitative analysis from focus group interviews (FGIs). Study participants (n = 13) consisted of dietitians in charge of nutrition assistance of infants in affected areas. The content of the interviews was converted into text, nouns were extracted, and co-occurrence network diagram analysis was performed. In the severely damaged area, there were hygienic problems not only in the acute phase but also in the mid-to-long-term phase. “Allergy” was extracted in the surrounding area in the acute and the mid-to-long-term phase, but not in the severely damaged area as the acute phase issue. In the surrounding area, problems have shifted to health and the quality of diet in the mid-to-long-term phase. This objective analysis suggested that dietary problems for mothers and children after disaster occurred also in the mid-to-long-term phase. It will be necessary to combine the overall trends obtained in this study with the results of qualitative descriptive analysis.

scholarly journals Water insecurity, illness and other factors of everyday life: A case study from Choma District, Southern Province, Zambia

Water SA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4 October) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A Marcantonio
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Southern Province ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Specific Outcome

Recent reports from the UN find that 2.6 billion people have gained access to improved drinking water sources since 1990, but 663 million people still live without. Other recent work demonstrates that 4 billion people annually face severe water scarcity as a result of seasonal fluctuations in water availability and quality. How is it that, despite the significant development in water resource availability documented by the UN, literally billions of people are regularly experiencing water insecurity? To begin to understand how a lack of access to reliable water resources affects everyday life, I focus on a specific outcome of water insecurity: waterborne illness. Given the difficulty in linking illness to a particular source, this research focuses on perceptions of water safety. I ask participants about illness they perceive coming from their drinking water, conducting face-to-face surveys (N = 224) spatially distributed around Choma town, Southern Province, Zambia. In particular, I investigate how these perceptions affect everyday life and what intersecting factors are likely to increase or decrease the probability of a person perceiving drinking water as the source of their illness. Our findings demonstrate that individual perceptions of waterborne illness are tightly coupled with perceptions of water needs being met or not, water flexibility (water storage capacity and water resource type and number available), total water use, food security and distance to various services. My work identifies and qualifies intersecting relationships that are critical to the design of any policy or other means of intervention intended to reduce experienced and perceived waterborne illness and other everyday needs of subsistence farmers facing the challenges presented by climate change and other forms of environmental change.

scholarly journals Closing up onto our sun: solar imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
pp. 07011
Author(s):  
Kushagra Shrivastava ◽  
Keith Wen Kai Chia ◽  
Kang Jun Wong ◽  
Alfred Yong Liang Tan ◽  
Hwee Tiang Ning
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Future Science ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Term Data ◽  
Made In

Solar activity research provides insight into the Sun’s past, future (Science Daily, 2018). The solar activity includes observations of large numbers of intense sunspots, flares, and other phenomena; and demands a wide range of techniques and measurements on the observations. This research needs long term data collection before critical analyses can occur, to generate meaningful learning and knowledge. In this project, we will use solar imaging to make observations of solar activity, and take our baby steps to make contributions in citizen science. Observations will be made in 3 wavelengths to gain a more thorough analysis by looking at different perspectives of the Sun, namely H-Alpha, Calcium-K, and white light.

scholarly journals The Big Why of Implementing Computational Thinking In STEM Education: A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-289
Author(s):  
Norhafizan Abdul Wahab ◽  
Othman Talib ◽  
Fazilah Razali ◽  
Nurzatulshima Kamarudin
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Stem Education ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Computational Thinking ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Prisma Statement

Computational Thinking (CT) has been increasingly embraced as a reformation in STEM education. This paper discusses why the implementation of CT would have a considerable effect on STEM education. The first objective of this systematic literature review is to identify the subjects that incorporate the most elements of CT in STEM education. Secondly, it aims to provide an overview of CT practices in the classrooms. Finally, the major findings of this study seek to discuss the benefits and challenges of the use of CT in STEM education. Fifteen articles were methodically selected from Scopus, Web of Science, Dimensions, and Google Scholar databases as the relevant studies to be discussed in this systematic study, based on the PRISMA Statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) review technique. This review identifies current research gaps and directions for the practice and implementation of CT in STEM education. Further analysis of the articles has contributed to a conclusion that CT has become more widespread and multi-disciplinary and seems to have propagated improvements in STEM education. Still, a new study is required, especially on long-term implications.

Nutritional Management of Pediatric Food Hypersensitivity

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 111 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 1645-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shideh Mofidi
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Food Hypersensitivity ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Food Challenges ◽  
In Infants And Children

The diagnosis and management of food allergy requires attention to several important dietary issues. Successful exclusion of identified dietary allergens requires extensive education regarding the interpretation of ingredient labels of commercial products and an appreciation for issues of cross-contact in settings such as restaurants and commercial manufacturing. Once a food or food group is eliminated, attention must be focused on potential dietary insufficiencies resulting from these exclusions. These dietary issues are also central to the successful use of diagnostic elimination diets and physician-supervised oral food challenges. This review provides a framework for the dietary management of food hypersensitivity in infants and children both for short-term diagnostic and long-term therapeutic purposes. In addition, approaches for maternal dietary restriction for breastfed infants with food allergy and the introduction of solid foods to atopic infants are reviewed.

Emerging food and nutrition security challenges in Central Asia—implications for BRICS and emerging economies

2020 ◽  
pp. 909-932
Author(s):  
Suresh Chandra Babu ◽  
Kamiljon Akramov
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Food And Nutrition Security ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Critical Issues

In the last two decades, Central Asia has gone through several transitions in institutions and governance, each with consequences for the agricultural sectors in the region. Since their independence, the five countries Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, have made considerable progress towards increasing domestic food production. However, food security in the region is still threatened by major geopolitical and socio-economic challenges. Lack of support from institutions to advance farming has resulted in the low level of food security in the region. Lack of research and extension of support to farmers and low capacity for designing evidence-based policies are major challenges to the region’s food security. This chapter identifies critical issues and challenges faced by Central Asian countries for attaining short-term and long-term food and nutrition security, and the implications for BRICS and other emerging economies.

scholarly journals Overview of Long-Term Nutrition Intervention Studies in Guatemala, 1968–1989

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reynaldo Martorell
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Human Capital Formation ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Intellectual Performance ◽  
Food And Nutrition

This is an overview of ten papers published in this issue of the Food and Nutrition Bulletin dealing with two components of a nutrition intervention study: the INCAP longitudinal study, 1969–1977, and the follow-up study, 1988–1989. The latter is a continuation of the former and seeks to test the hypothesis that nutritional improvements in early childhood lead to improved human capital formation in adolescents and young adults. Beneficial outcomes have been found to include greater body size and fat-free mass (particularly in females), improved working capacity in males, and enhanced intellectual performance in bath sexes.

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