scholarly journals Metabolic and Gut Microbiota Responses to Sourdough Pasta Consumption in Overweight and Obese Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrushti Shah ◽  
Paul D. S. Brown ◽  
Shyamchand Mayengbam ◽  
Michael G. Gänzle ◽  
Weilan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Tolerance Analysis ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Novel Foods ◽  
The Impact

Increasing consumer interest in fermented products has driven the emergence of a number of novel foods including shelf-stable sourdough pasta. This study comprehensively examined the impact of fermentation on the microbial composition of the culture, pasta, its subsequent effects on glycemic responses and gut microbiota in overweight men and women (>25 kg/m2) compared to a conventional, non-fermented pasta. Two, randomized crossover trials were performed. Study A examined acute feeding responses to each product wherein fasted participants completed a meal tolerance test comprised of 75 g of conventional or sourdough pasta to examine glycemic responses. Results showed enhanced gastric emptying with sourdough, but no difference in overall blood glucose, insulin or satiety hormone responses between the treatments. Study B consisted of three standard oral glucose tolerance tests as well as fecal collection for sequencing at baseline and following each pasta intervention (150 g or 2 serving/d for 5 days) followed by a 2-week washout period. Results showed no differential impact of either pasta treatment on glucose tolerance. Analysis of fecal bacterial and fungal (mycobiome) microbiota showed no change at the individual species or genus levels. However, fungi were adaptive following chronic pasta consumption with decreases in alpha diversity of fungi following sourdough, but not conventional pasta. This was accompanied by reductions in total fecal short chain fatty acid concentrations. In conclusion, sourdough fermentation did not change the overall glycemic properties of the pasta, incretin responses or bacterial gut microbiota, but appears to impact microbiome fungal community structure with chronic consumption.

scholarly journals Feeding spinach thylakoids to rats modulates the gut microbiota, decreases food intake and affects the insulin response

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Montelius ◽  
Nadia Osman ◽  
Björn Weström ◽  
Siv Ahrné ◽  
Göran Molin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
And Control

AbstractThylakoid membranes derived from green leaf chloroplasts affect appetite-regulating hormones, suppress food intake, reduce blood lipids and lead to a decreased body weight in animals and human subjects. Thylakoids also decrease the intestinalin vitrouptake of methyl-glucose in the rat. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary thylakoids on the gut microbiota composition, mainly the taxa of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, in rats fed either a thylakoid-enriched diet or a control diet for 10 d. At the same time, a glucose-tolerance test in the same rats was also performed. Food intake was significantly decreased in the thylakoid-fed rats compared with the control-fed rats over the 10-d study. An oral glucose tolerance test after 10 d of thylakoid- or control-food intake resulted in significantly reduced plasma insulin levels in the thylakoid-fed rats compared with the control-fed rats, while no difference was observed for blood glucose levels. Analysis of gut bacteria showed a significant increase of lactobacilli on the ileal mucosa, specificallyLactobacillus reuteri, in the rats fed the thylakoid diet compared with rats fed the control diet, while faecal lactobacilli decreased. No difference in bifidobacteria between the thylakoid and control groups was found. Analyses with terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and principal component analysis of faeces demonstrated different microbial populations in the thylakoid- and control-fed animals. These findings indicate that thylakoids modulate the gut microbial composition, which might be important for the regulation of body weight and energy metabolism.

scholarly journals The Impact of Sampling Season and Catching Site (Wild and Aquaculture) on Gut Microbiota Composition and Diversity of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Negash Kabtimer Bereded ◽  
Getachew Beneberu Abebe ◽  
Solomon Workneh Fanta ◽  
Manuel Curto ◽  
Herwig Waidbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Lake Tana ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sampling Season

The gut microbiota of fishes is known to play an essential role in diverse aspects of host biology. The gut microbiota of fish is affected by various environmental parameters, including temperature changes, salinity and diet. Studies of effect of environment on gut microbiota enables to have a further understanding of what comprises a healthy microbiota under different environmental conditions. However, there is insufficient understanding regarding the effects of sampling season and catching site (wild and aquaculture) on the gut microbiota of Nile tilapia. This study characterised gut microbial composition and diversity from samples collected from Lake Tana and the Bahir Dar aquaculture facility centre using 16S rDNA Illumina MiSeq platform sequencing. Firmicutes and Fusobacteria were the most dominant phyla in the Lake Tana samples, while Proteobacteria was the most dominant in the aquaculture samples. The results of differential abundance testing clearly indicated significant differences for Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Cyanobacteria across sampling months. However, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Fusobacteria and Cyanobacteria were significantly enriched in the comparison of samples from the Lake Tana and aquaculture centre. Significant differences were observed in microbial diversity across sampling months and between wild and captive Nile tilapia. The alpha diversity clearly showed that samples from the aquaculture centre (captive) had a higher diversity than the wild Nile tilapia samples from Lake Tana. The core gut microbiota of all samples of Nile tilapia used in our study comprised Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria. This study clearly showed the impact of sampling season and catching site (wild and aquaculture) on the diversity and composition of bacterial communities associated with the gut of Nile tilapia. Overall, this is the first study on the effects of sampling season and catching site on the gut microbiota of Nile tilapia in Ethiopia. Future work is recommended to precisely explain the causes of these changes using large representative samples of Nile tilapia from different lakes and aquaculture farms.

scholarly journals PSI-10 Establishing a foundation to harvest the potential of the microbiome in poultry production

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 293-294
Author(s):  
Camila S Marcolla ◽  
Benjamin Willing
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study aimed to characterize poultry microbiota composition in commercial farms using 16S rRNA sequencing. Animals raised in sanitized environments have lower survival rates when facing pathogenic challenges compared to animals naturally exposed to commensal organisms. We hypothesized that intensive rearing practices inadvertently impair chicken exposure to microbes and the establishment of a balanced gut microbiota. We compared gut microbiota composition of broilers (n = 78) and layers (n = 20) from different systems, including commercial intensive farms with and without in-feed antibiotics, organic free-range farms, backyard-raised chickens and chickens in an experimental farm. Microbial community composition of conventionally raised broilers was significantly different from antibiotic-free broilers (P = 0.012), from broilers raised outdoors (P = 0.048) and in an experimental farm (P = 0.006) (Fig1). Significant community composition differences were observed between antibiotic-fed and antibiotic-free chickens (Fig2). Antibiotic-free chickens presented higher alpha-diversity, higher relative abundance of Deferribacteres, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, and lower relative abundance of Firmicutes, Clostridiales and Enterobacteriales than antibiotic-fed chickens (P < 0.001) (Fig3). Microbial community composition significantly changed as birds aged. In experimental farm, microbial community composition was significant different for 7, 21 and 35 day old broilers (P < 0.001), and alpha diversity increased from 7 to 21d (P < 0.024), but not from 21 to 35d; whereas, in organic systems, increases in alpha-diversity were observed from 7d to 21d, and from 21d to 35d (P < 0.05). Broilers and layers raised together showed no differences in microbiota composition and alpha diversity (P > 0.8). It is concluded that production practices consistently impact microbial composition, and that antibiotics significantly reduces microbial diversity. We are now exploring the impact of differential colonization in a controlled setting, to determine the impact of the microbes associated with extensively raised chickens. This study will support future research and the development of methods to isolate and introduce beneficial microbes to commercial systems.

scholarly journals GH Response to Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: A Comparison between Patients with Acromegaly and Other Pituitary Disorders

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (12) ◽  
pp. 5973-5973
Author(s):  
E. Verrua ◽  
M. Filopanti ◽  
C. L. Ronchi ◽  
L. Olgiati ◽  
E. Ferrante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Hypothalamic Function ◽  
The Impact

Context: The cutoff value of nadir GH after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) used to define disease remission in acromegaly is higher than that observed in healthy subjects. However, it is uncertain whether the impaired GH inhibition might be related to subtle abnormalities of GH secretion or to functional and/or anatomical hypothalamic-pituitary disconnection due to tumor per se or treatments. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of pituitary disorders other than acromegaly on GH response to OGTT. Design, Subjects, and Methods: Thirty-three patients (24 females and nine males, aged 50.1 ± 12.3 yr, 13 operated and two irradiated) with various hypothalamic-pituitary disorders (HPDs), 45 healthy subjects (controls), and 42 cured acromegalic patients matched for sex, age. and body mass index were investigated. All subjects were studied for IGF-I levels and GH levels before and during the OGTT. Results: In HPD patients mean postglucose nadir GH levels were 0.11 ± 0.08 μg/liter without any difference between patients treated with neurosurgery and/or radiotherapy and untreated and between patients with and without pituitary stalk alterations and/or hyperprolactinemia. Mean nadir GH values were similar in HPD patients and controls (0.11 ± 0.08 vs. 0.08 ± 0.08 μg/liter, P = 0.23) and lower than those found in cured acromegalic patients (0.18 ± 0.13 μg/liter, P = 0.02), although there was an overlapping in about half of patients. Conclusions: Hypothalamic control of glucose-mediated GH suppression is not perturbed in patients with HPD. These data indicate that defective GH suppression to glucose that is found in acromegaly is unlikely to reflect a lack of integrity of hypothalamic function.

scholarly journals GH Response to Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: A Comparison between Patients with Acromegaly and Other Pituitary Disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 945-945
Author(s):  
E. Verrua ◽  
M. Filopanti ◽  
C. L. Ronchi ◽  
L. Olgiati ◽  
E. Ferrante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Hypothalamic Function ◽  
The Impact

Context The cutoff value of nadir GH after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) used to define disease remission in acromegaly is higher than that observed in healthy subjects. However, it is uncertain whether the impaired GH inhibition might be related to subtle abnormalities of GH secretion or to functional and/or anatomical hypothalamic-pituitary disconnection due to tumor per se or treatments. Objective The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of pituitary disorders other than acromegaly on GH response to OGTT. Design, Subjects, and Methods Thirty-three patients (24 females and nine males, aged 50.1 ± 12.3 yr, 13 operated and two irradiated) with various hypothalamic-pituitary disorders (HPDs), 45 healthy subjects (controls), and 42 cured acromegalic patients matched for sex, age. and body mass index were investigated. All subjects were studied for IGF-I levels and GH levels before and during the OGTT. Results In HPD patients mean postglucose nadir GH levels were 0.11 ± 0.08 μg/liter without any difference between patients treated with neurosurgery and/or radiotherapy and untreated and between patients with and without pituitary stalk alterations and/or hyperprolactinemia. Mean nadir GH values were similar in HPD patients and controls (0.11 ± 0.08 vs. 0.08 ± 0.08 μg/liter, P = 0.23) and lower than those found in cured acromegalic patients (0.18 ± 0.13 μg/liter, P = 0.02), although there was an overlapping in about half of patients. Conclusions Hypothalamic control of glucose-mediated GH suppression is not perturbed in patients with HPD. These data indicate that defective GH suppression to glucose that is found in acromegaly is unlikely to reflect a lack of integrity of hypothalamic function.

scholarly journals A Grape Powder Attenuates Colonic Inflammation, Inhibits Colitis-associated Colorectal Cancer Development and Causes Favorable Changes of Gut Microbiota in Mice (OR04-07-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiying Zhao ◽  
Cindy Nakatsu ◽  
Qing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Microbial Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Recent discoveries suggest that gut microbiota is involved in the progression of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) and natural products like polyphenols can modulate gut microbiota. Polyphenol components of grape like resveratrol have been shown to have anti-colorectal cancer effects in animal models, but the underlying mechanism is not completely understood. The objective of this study is to examine the chemo-preventive effect of a whole grape powder (GP) on tumorigenesis in a mouse CAC model and evaluated the impact of GP on gut microbiota as a potential anti-CAC mechanism. To dissect the role of polyphenols in the GP, we compared GP at 3 and 10% diet to calorie, fiber, sugar and organic acid-matched placebo. Methods We used male Balb/c mice and divided them into diseased groups treated with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and healthy groups, both of which had placebo control diet, GP at 3% or 10% diet. To induce tumorigenesis, we injected AOM at 9.5 mg/kg bw at 6 weeks of age, followed by 2-cycle DSS (1.5% in drinking water). During the study, we monitored animals’ body weight and food consumption weekly, and evaluated their colitis symptoms during DSS treatments. All animals were sacrificed at 16 weeks of age and 24-hr accumulative fecal samples were collected prior to sacrifice for gut microbial analysis. Results Compared to the control diet, 10% GP diet alleviated colitis symptoms including rectal bleeding and diarrhea, and reduced total tumor multiplicity by 29% (P < 0.05). GP diet increased microbial alpha-diversity and significantly shifted the gut microbial composition in both healthy and diseased groups. Under both conditions, 10% GP diet increased the abundance of various taxa belonging to Lachnospiraceae family. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of gut microbiota indicated that increased GP supplementation was associated with healthier animal status. In particular, we observed that the predicted functional profile of gut microbiota from diseased mice with 10% GP diet was similar to those from healthy mice with the control diet. Conclusions 10% GP diet showed CAC chemo-preventive effects and modulated gut microbiota under both healthy and diseased conditions, and appeared to prevent CAC-associated gut microbiota changes. Funding Sources California Table Grape Commission.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Desogestrel-Containing Oral Contraceptive on Glucose Tolerance and Leptin Concentrations in Hyperandrogenic Women*

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 3074-3077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahla Nader ◽  
Maggy G. Riad-Gabriel ◽  
Mohammed F. Saad
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Ovarian hyperandrogenism can be associated with insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, and obesity. High levels of the lipostatic hormone, leptin, have also been reported in this condition. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of an oral contraceptive (OC) of low androgenicity containing desogestrel on glucose tolerance in hyperandrogenic women and the impact of changes in androgenic/estrogenic status on leptin concentrations. Sixteen nondiabetic hyperandrogenic women, aged 29 ± 1 yr with a body mass index (BMI) of 36.8 ± 1.8 kg/m2, underwent an oral glucose tolerance test before and after 6 months of therapy with the OC. Free testosterone decreased and sex hormone-binding globulin increased after therapy (P &lt; 0.001). Glucose tolerance deteriorated significantly, and two women developed diabetes. Body weight, BMI, and leptin did not change significantly. Leptin correlated with BMI before (r = 0.56; P = 0.02) and after (r = 0.51; P = 0.04) treatment, but not with glucose, insulin, total and free testosterone, or sex hormone-binding globulin before or after treatment. In conclusion, 1) glucose tolerance should be monitored in hyperandrogenic women using OC, even those of low androgenicity; and 2) changes in androgenic/estrogenic status had no effect on the leptin concentration, suggesting that its sexual dimorphism is not related to sex steroids.

The effects of myo-inositol and probiotic supplementation in a high-fat-fed preclinical model of glucose intolerance in pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 516-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Plows ◽  
J. M. Ramos Nieves ◽  
F. Budin ◽  
K. Mace ◽  
C. M. Reynolds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
High Fat ◽  
The Impact

AbstractGlucose intolerance during pregnancy – a major driver of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) – has significant short- and long-term health consequences for both the mother and child. As GDM prevalence continues to escalate, there is growing need for preventative strategies. There is limited but suggestive evidence that myo-inositol (MI) and probiotics (PB) could improve glucose tolerance during pregnancy. The present study tested the hypothesis that MI and/or PB supplementation would reduce the risk of glucose intolerance during pregnancy. Female C57BL/6 mice were randomised to receive either no treatment, MI, PB (Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium lactis) or both (MIPB) for 5 weeks. They were then provided with a high-fat diet for 1 week before mating commenced and throughout mating/gestation, while remaining on their respective treatments. An oral glucose tolerance test occurred at gestational day (GD) 16·5 and tissue collection at GD 18·5. Neither MI nor PB, separately or combined, improved glucose tolerance. However, MI and PB both independently increased adipose tissue expression of Ir, Irs1, Akt2 and Pck1, and PB also increased Pparγ. MI was associated with reduced gestational weight gain, whilst PB was associated with increased maternal fasting glucose, total cholesterol and pancreas weight. These results suggest that MI and PB may improve insulin intracellular signalling in adipose tissue but this did not translate to meaningful differences in glucose tolerance. The absence of fasting hyperglycaemia or insulin resistance suggests this is a very mild model of GDM, which may have affected our ability to assess the impact of these nutrients.

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