scholarly journals Alleviation of Postharvest Chilling Injury of Carambola Fruit by γ-aminobutyric Acid: Physiological, Biochemical, and Structural Characterization

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine Ngaffo Mekontso ◽  
Wenhui Duan ◽  
El Hadji Malick Cisse ◽  
Tianye Chen ◽  
Xiangbin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Lower Activity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Physiological Disorder

Chilling injury is a physiological disorder affecting the quality of carambola fruit. In the present study, the effect of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on CI development in carambola fruit during storage at 4°C for 15 days was investigated. The results showed that 2.5-mM GABA reduced CI index, maintained pericarp lightness, and decreased the electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde content (MDA) while increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities. Endogenous GABA content was significantly higher in the treated fruit than in the control fruit during the whole storage. Besides, the treatment promoted the accumulation of proline and ascorbic acid (AsA) under chilling stress. Compared to the control, GABA-treated fruit exhibited a higher activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and total phenolic compounds, and a lower activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO). In addition, the Safranin O/fast green staining revealed via microscopic images that the GABA treatment reduced the cell walls degradation of carambola fruit. Moreover, the results displayed a lower activity of phospholipase D (PLD) and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes, which coincided with a higher content of oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2n6), and α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3) after 15 days of treatment, leading to the maintenance of the integrity and prevention of the membrane of the rapid softening of carambola fruit. The findings of the present work showed particularly new insights into the crosstalk between GABA and fatty acids. GABA might preserve the pericarp of carambola fruit by increasing the content of the unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) γ-linolenic acid and reducing the saturated fatty acid (SFA) such as caproic acid (C6:0), caprylic acid (C8:0), myristic acid (C14:0), and palmitic acid (C16:0) progressively. GABA can be used as an appropriate postharvest technology for improving the quality of carambola fruit during low-temperature storage.

scholarly journals Combined application of methyl salicylate and L-arginine alleviates chilling injury, potentiates antioxidant system and maintains quality of sweet pepper (Capsicum Annum L.) fruits cv. ‘Winner’

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Nida Akram ◽  
Mahmood Ul Hasan ◽  
Rana Naveed Ur Rehman ◽  
Rana Muhammad Ateeq Ahmad ◽  
Zeeshan Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Ion Leakage

Chilling injury is the critical issue in sweet pepper fruit under low temperature storage. Present work was aimed to evaluate the effect of different concentration of methyl salicylate (MS) and L-arginine (Arg) on chilling injury and overall quality of sweet pepper fruits cv. ‘Winner’. The treatments were T1 = Control, T2 = 0.01mM MS, T3 = 0.05 mM MS, T4 = 1mM Arg, T5 = 1.5mM Arg and T6 = 0.01mM MS+1.5mM Arg. After respective treatment (for 10 min) fruits were kept at 5 ± 1 ◦C with 85-90 % RH for 28+2 days of storage. Physical, biochemical, and phytochemical parameters were studied at 7 days interval followed by two days of reconditioning at ambient conditions (25 ± 2 °C). On last removal (28+2days), sweet pepper fruits treated with combined MS and Arg treatment (T6) showed highly significant results in lower fruit weight loss (8.3%), maintained fruit colour (0.3 score) and firmness (13.4N), and reduced wrinkling (2 score), disease incidence (0.4 score), ion leakage (45.4%), alleviated chilling injury (1.7 score), retained total antioxidants (49.1%) and total phenolic content (74.4 mg 100 g-1 GAE FW) as compared to control. In addition, the ascorbic acid content was observed higher in all treatments in comparison with untreated control fruits. In conclusion, MS and Arg combine treatment improved storage potential with reduced chilling injury by maintaining higher total phenolic concentrations, ascorbic acid content and total antioxidants in terms of DPPH radical scavenging activities, and markedly maintained overall quality of sweet pepper under cold storage condition at 5 °C for 28 days.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and Physiological Analysis Reveal That α-Linolenic Acid Biosynthesis Responds to Early Chilling Tolerance in Pumpkin Rootstock Varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqian Liu ◽  
Ruoyan Zhang ◽  
Chenggang Xiang ◽  
Ruiyun Zhang ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Chilling Tolerance ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
The Impact

Climate changes especially chilling stress affects cucurbit crops during winter seasonal production. Grafting to pumpkin rootstocks is widely used to improve the vigor of cucurbits, especially cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants, in the face of chilling stress. In our study, multi-disciplinary aspect approaches were used to investigate growth changes of pumpkin under chilling stress. Firstly, the morphological and physiological characteristics of 14 pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) varieties following different periods of chilling stress was analyzed by using physiological means. Mathematical results of principal component analysis (PCA) with chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, carotenoid contents, chilling injury index and relative electrolyte permeability indicated that relative electrolyte permeability as the primary judgment index was best associated with the comparison of chilling tolerance in pumpkin rootstock varieties. Then, transcriptomic and DCMU (Diuron) application and chlorophyll fluorescence examination analysis of pumpkin leaves revealed that 390 Cucurbita moschata differentially expressed genes (CmoDEGs) that affect photosynthesis were upregulated in leaves. 127 CmoDEGs both in leaves and roots were enriched for genes involved in unsaturated fatty acid metabolism, suggesting that plasma membrane lipids are involved in chilling perception. The results of increased composition of unsaturated fatty acid in leaves and qRT-PCR analysis of relative mRNA abundance confirmed that α-linolenic acid biosynthesis was responding to pumpkin chilling tolerance. The integration of physiological, mathematical bioinformatical and biological analysis results contributes to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying chilling tolerance and its improvement in cucumber grafted on pumpkin rootstocks. It provided an important theoretical basis and reference for further understanding on the impact of climate change on plant physiological changes.

255 EFFECT OF THE TYPE OF DIETARY FATTY ACID (α-LINOLENIC ACID OR LINOLEIC ACID) ON THE NUMBER AND THE QUALITY OF OOCYTES COLLECTED BY OVUM PICKUP AND ON IN VITRO EMBRYO PRODUCTION BY DAIRY HEIFERS

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Ponter ◽  
J. Arnault ◽  
C. Joly ◽  
K. Guelou ◽  
G. Valy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Experimental Conditions

A supplement of dietary fat can improve oocyte quality in ruminants. However, to our knowledge, the effect of the type dietary fat (differing in fatty acid profile) on oocyte and embryo production has never been reported in cattle. Therefore, in this study the effect of the type of fat supplement on the number and quality of oocytes collected by ovum pickup (OPU) and on the production of embryos was investigated in Holstein heifers. The experiment was conducted over 2 years: year 1: 8 heifers, and year 2: 10 heifers (16 to 20 months old, body weight 368 � 8.2 kg and BCS 2.3 � 0.1). Heifers were given a diet of hay (67% DM) and a concentrate (33% DM). The concentrate (130 g fat/kg DM) was formulated with either extruded linseeds (L, rich in α-linolenic acid (ω-3 fatty acid),n = 9) or extruded soybeans (S, rich in linoleic acid (ω-6 fatty acid), n = 9). Oocytes were collected by OPU for 6 weeks (2 sessions/week) and their morphological quality was assessed (Q1, excellent; Q2, good; Q3, fair; and Q4, low). The oocytes from one session/week were frozen and those from the other session were used to produce embryos (in vitro maturation and fertilization). Embryo quality was judged following IETS criteria (EQ1, excellent; EQ2, good; EQ3, fair; and EQ4, low). Blood samples were collected weekly throughout the experiment for the analysis of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, and urea. Statistical analysis was performed on the growth rate, BCS, hormone, metabolite, and fatty acid data and on the oocyte and embryo data using Split plot ANOVA. Growth rate was not affected by diet (S, 0.93 � 0.21 kg d-1 vs. L, 0.90 � 0.21 kg d-1), and there was no effect of dietary treatment on plasma hormone and metabolite concentrations. However, treatment L increased the proportion of α-linolenic acid (P < 0.0001), and treatment S increased the proportion of linoleic acid (P < 0.0001) in the plasma. Neither the oocyte characteristics (number of oocytes collected, 5.3 � 1.0 vs. 5.7 � 1.0; their quality: Q1, 1.1 � 0.3 vs. 1.0 � 0.3; Q2, 1.8 � 0.3 vs. 1.6 � 0.3; Q3, 1.4 � 0.4 vs. 2.1 � 0.4; and Q4, 1.0 � 0.2 vs. 1.1 � 0.2; and oocytes inseminated, 4.4 � 0.8 vs. 5.1 � 0.8, and cleaved, 3.4 � 0.7 vs. 3.5 � 0.7 per heifer per session; L vs. S, respectively) nor the embryo characteristics (number of embryos, 1.1 � 0.3 vs. 0.9 � 0.3; their quality: EQ1, 0.4 � 0.1 vs. 0.3 � 0.1; EQ2, 0.4 � 0.1 vs. 0.3 � 0.1; EQ3, 0.2 � 0.1 vs. 0.3 � 0.1; and EQ4, 0.04 � 0.03 vs. 0.05 � 0.03 per heifer per session; L vs. S, respectively) were affected by dietary treatment. In conclusion, under our experimental conditions, the type of fatty acid (ω-3 vs. ω-6) does not modify significantly the numbers of oocytes and embryos produced by OPU and their quality in dairy eifers.

Effect of substitution of a proportion of the concentrate in grass silage/concentrate-based diets with extruded linseed on performance and meat quality of dairy bulls

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 10-10
Author(s):  
L.E.R. Dawson ◽  
A.M. Fearon ◽  
B.W. Moss ◽  
V.B. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Cardio Vascular Disease ◽  
Dairy Bulls ◽  
Cardio Vascular

While meat from ruminants (beef and lamb) has been shown to have high levels of saturated and low levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (Wood et al 1999), the beneficial properties of beef include the lower n-6:n-3 ratio, particularly under grass-fed systems, relative to pork or poultry and the presence of appreciable quantities of α linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acid. The latter have been shown to reduce the incidence of cardio-vascular disease in humans. While feeding whole linseed has been shown to enhance the fatty acid composition of muscle (Scollan et al 2001), whole linseed is subject to significant levels of biohydrogenation in the rumen. Extruded linseed (Valomega) is promoted as increasing conjugated linoleic acid and α linolenic acid in meat through improving the efficiency of fatty acid metabolism in the rumen and intestine. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of level of inclusion of extruded linseed in diets of dairy bulls on fatty acid composition of meat and instrumental meat quality.

scholarly journals Extension of the Postharvest Life of Nectarine Using Modified Atmosphere Packaging and Potassium Permanganate Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1362
Author(s):  
Erdinc Bal
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Modified Atmosphere Packaging ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Modified Atmosphere

The effects of combinations of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) based ethylene scrubbers on the storage life and fruit quality of nectarine (Prunus persica cv. Bayramiç Beyazı) were investigated. Three different types of ethylene sachets (contained 3, 7 and 10 g KMnO4) were used and placed beside fruits in polypropylene baskets then lined with MAP. Fruits were stored at 0-1°C and 90% relative humidity throughout 40 day. During the cooling storage period, O2 and CO2 percentage in MAP, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, total antioxidant content and chilling injury (CI) were determined at 10 day interval. KMnO4 treated fruits had shown delayed ripening, reduced respiration and retained of higher firmness. As the dose of KMnO4 treatment increased, it was determined more positive effect on fruit quality. 10 g KMnO4 treatment was most effective in the retention of higher biochemical compounds and inhibition of CI symptoms. The results indicate that KMnO4 treatment, as well as MAP application, should be highly recommended for retaining the fruit quality of cold-stored ‘Bayramiç Beyazı’ nectarines and fruits treated with 10 g doses of KMnO4 could be stored for 40 days with good quality.

scholarly journals Oenothera species and Borago officinalis: sources of gamma-linolenic acid.

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-363
Author(s):  
B.G. Muuse ◽  
M.L. Essers ◽  
L.J.M. van Soest
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Gamma Linolenic Acid ◽  
Borago Officinalis ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
Whole Seed ◽  
High Level ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Deficiency Diseases

Seed samples of 23 Oenothera species (O. biennis and O. lamarckiana in particular) and of B. officinalis, cultivated in 1986, were analysed. In B. officinalis, 7.1% (by weight) of gamma -linolenic acid (GLeA) was found in the whole seed whereas in Oenothera species the average was 2.3%. The mean content of oil in the seeds was 30.8 and 21.2%, respectively. The GLeA content was positively correlated with the seed oil content. The fatty acid composition of Oenothera oils showed only little variation between the different species grown in a particular year. The soil type, sand or clay, did not significantly influence the GLeA and other fatty acid contents of Oenothera species. It was concluded that the production of GLeA from B. officinalis can be as much as 3 times that in Oenothera species on the basis of similar seed yields for both crops and disregarding the poor seed retention of B. officinalis. The high level of GLeA emphasises the higher quality of Borago oil, in comparison to that of Oenothera, when used to compensate a lack of GLeA in man caused by Delta 6-linoleic desaturase deficiency diseases. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Effect of Soybean or Linseed Oil With RRR-D-α-Tocopherol or Dl-α-Tocopherol Acetate on Quality Characteristics and Fatty Acid Profile of Turkey Meat

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 991-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Stadnik ◽  
Anna Czech ◽  
Katarzyna Ognik
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Feed Mixture ◽  
Turkey Meat

AbstractIn this study, the effect of the halved dosage of RRR-d-α-tocopherol (with respect to dl-α-to-copherol acetate) in diets containing oil rich in linoleic or α-linolenic acid (soybean or linseed oil, respectively) on the quality characteristics and fatty acid (FA) profile of turkey meat was studied. The experiment was conducted using 480 one-week-old turkey hens Big 6 line reared until the 16th week of life. The hens in Groups I and II received soybean oil added to their feed mixture, in Groups III and IV linseed oil was the source of supplementary fat. Turkeys in Groups I and III received dl-α-tocopherol acetate, whereas those in Groups II and IV RRR-d-α-tocopherol. No influence of dietary manipulation was observed on the chemical composition of turkey meat. The combined effect of the type of dietary fat and vitamin E source added to the feed was assessed using the color parameters. The addition of natural vitamin E to the feed mixture with linseed oil significantly increased the proportion of PUFA in breast muscle lipids compared with the group receiving soybean oil with this form of vitamin E. The inclusion of linseed oil increased the content of α-linolenic acid and total n-3 FA concentration in both muscles, compared with the diet that contained soybean oil. This modification of FA composition led to lower n-6/n-3 ratio in both the breast and thigh muscles regardless of the dietary vitamin E source. The use of natural form of tocopherol in diets containing linseed oil may help to improve the nutritional quality of turkey meat, especially by enhancing n-3 PUFA levels with no detrimental effect of lipid addition on the chemical composition and quality of meat.

Effects of a Combination of 1-MCP, CaCl2 Treatment and Slow Cooling on Postharvest Physiology of ‘Zhonghuashoutao’ Peach during Storage

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 1076-1080
Author(s):  
Shi Jie Yan ◽  
Li Ya Liang ◽  
Zhao Chun Ma ◽  
Ru Fu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
Slow Cooling ◽  
Postharvest Physiology ◽  
Cooling Method ◽  
Cacl2 Treatment

Effects of a combination of 1-MCP, CaCl2 treatment and slow cooling on postharvest physiology of ‘Zhonghuashoutao’ peach were investigated. Respiration rate, ethylene production, firmness, juice contents and percentage of good fruit were studied to evaluate the quality of peach. The results showed that 1-MCP, CaCl2 treatment reduced the amount of respiration rate and ethylene production, delayed the appearence of ethylene peak, prolonged softening, restrained the chilling injury of ‘Zhonghuashoutao’ peach after harvest. Slow cooling method had better effect and could delay the incidence of physiological disorder and maintained good quality during storage.

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