Prediction of Postoperative Ileus in Patients With Colorectal Cancer by Preoperative Gut Microbiota

BackgroundIleus and postoperative ileus (POI) are common complications of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, little is known about the gut microbiota associated with ileus.MethodDifferences in gut microbiota were evaluated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We characterized the gut microbiota in 85 CRC patients (cohort 1) and detected differences, and an independent cohort composed of 38 CRC patients (cohort 2) was used to evaluate the results.ResultsThe gut microbiota of CRC patients with and without ileus exhibited large differences in alpha- and beta-diversities and bacterial taxa. The Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio and microbial dysbiosis index (MDI) showed greater dysbiosis among ileus patients than among those without ileus. According to the location of CRC, the difference in gut microbiota between patients with and without ileus was more obvious in those with distal CRC than in those with proximal CRC. Finally, Faecalibacterium was significantly reduced in the postoperative perioperative period in patients with ileus. Thus, we used Faecalibacterium as a biomarker for predicting perioperative or POI: the AUC value was 0.74 for perioperative ileus and 0.67 for POI that appeared at 6 months after hospital discharge. The predictive power was evaluated in Cohort 2, with an AUC value of 0.79.ConclusionThese findings regarding difference of gut microbiota in postoperative CRC patients may provide a theoretical basis for the use of microbiota as biomarkers for the prediction of POI.

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Contrasting gut microbiota in captive Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) by age

Archives of Microbiology ◽

10.1007/s00203-021-02526-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yumiko Okamoto ◽

Natsumi Ichinohe ◽

Cheolwoon Woo ◽

Sung-Yong Han ◽

Hyeong-Hoo Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Lutra Lutra ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Baseline Information ◽

The Difference ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

And Function

AbstractUnderstanding the gut microbiota characteristics of endangered species such as the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra), especially in their early stages of life, could be essential for improving their management and ex situ conservation strategies. Here, we analyzed the gut microbiota diversity, composition, and function of captive Eurasian otters at different ages using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that: (1) Clostridiaceae was abundant in all age stages; (2) Lactococcus in cubs is thought to predominate for digesting milk; (3) bacteria associated with amino acid metabolism increase with age, while bacteria associated with carbohydrate metabolism decrease with age, which is likely due to decrease in dietary carbohydrate content (e.g., milk) and increase in dietary protein contents (e.g., fishes) with age; and (4) fish-related bacteria were detected in feces of healthy adults and juveniles. Overall, the gut microbiota of captive Eurasian otters was taxonomically and functionally different by age, which is thought to be attributed to the difference in the diet in their life stages. This study provided baseline information regarding the gut microbiota of Eurasian otters for the first time and contributes to improvement in their management in captivity.

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The Impact of Cholecystectomy on the Gut Microbiota: A Case-Control Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8010079 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 79 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Won Yoon ◽

Han-Na Kim ◽

Eunkyo Park ◽

Seungho Ryu ◽

Yoosoo Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Enterohepatic Circulation ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Control Group ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Comprehensive Health ◽

The Difference ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

The Impact

Cholecystectomy alters the bile flow into the intestine and the enterohepatic circulation of the bile acids; this may affect the gut microbiota. We assessed the gut microbiota composition of patients who had undergone cholecystectomy and compared with those who had not. From a cohort of 1463 adult participants who underwent comprehensive health screening examinations, 27 subjects who had undergone cholecystectomy (cholecystectomy group) and 81 age- and sex-matched subjects who had not (control group) were selected. Clinical parameters were collected and compared. Microbial composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of DNA extracted from fecal samples. We evaluated differences in the overall microbial composition and in the abundance of taxa. The two groups were comparable with respect to clinical characteristics and laboratory results. The actual number of taxa observed in a sample (observed features) was significantly lower in the cholecystectomy group than in the control group (p = 0.042). The beta diversity of Jaccard distance index was significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.027). Blautia obeum and Veillonella parvula were more abundant in the cholecystectomy group. The difference in the diversity of the gut microbiota between the cholecystectomy and control groups was subtle. However, B. obeum and V. parvula, which have azoreductase activity, were more abundant in the cholecystectomy group. The impact of such changes in the gut microbiota on health remains to be determined.

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Effect of Disordered Gut Microbiota on Serum Metabolome Alterations in Colorectal Tumor-Bearing Mice Under The Intervention of Fufangchangtai

10.21203/rs.3.rs-426536/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mengmeng Cai ◽

Zhibing Lin ◽

Ya Xiao ◽

Jinmiao Lu ◽

Xiaoyu Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Chinese Medicine ◽

Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Gene Sequencing ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Colorectal Tumor ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Tumor Bearing ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing

Abstract Background: The occurrence and development of colorectal cancer is related to the compositional and functional variation of gut microbiota. Compared with healthy people, gut microbiota of patients with colorectal cancer is in disorder. Most traditional Chinese Medicine is effective by oral administration and has both anti-tumor effect and enteric microecological regulative effect. However, whether the dysbiosis of gut microbiota under tumor burden affects the serum metabolome of human body that related to traditional Chinese medicine is unclear. In this study, Fufangchangtai (FFCT) was chosen to be the model prescription to explore the correlation between gut microbiota and the serum metabolism related to FFCT in anti colorectal cancer treatment. Results: The gut microbiota between colorectal tumor-bearing mice and healthy mice were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showing quite differences between the two groups and suggesting that Firmicutes , Deferribacteres , Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were marked differential intestinal bacteria. The alternations in serum metabolome in the FFCT-treating tumor-bearing mice and simple FFCT-treating mice were detected using Liquid chromatogragh-mass spectrometer (LC/MS), showing significant differences between the two groups as well. Metabolites of FFCT like Citric acid, （±）12-HEPE, Cycloartanyl ferulate were much more in simple FFCT-treating mice, indicating that the present of tumor could affect the absorption and metabolism of FFCT. Additionally, these differential metabolites of FFCT involved in multiple pathways including the Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, Central carbon metabolism in cancer, Biosynthesis of amino acids. Different doses of FFCT were given to the tumor-bearing mice through oral administration, and the results of gut microbiota 16S rRNA gene sequencing showing that FFCT-treating groups has higher abundance of Firmicutes , Turicibacter and Roseburia than tumor-bearing group, moreover, the abundance of these bacteria was positively correlated to the drug concentration. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in FFCT-treating groups showed a similar trend with Healthy group, indicating the modulation of FFCT on gut microbiota of colorectal tumor-bearing mice.Conclusions: Collectively, we concluded that the dysbiosis of gut microbiota in tumor-bearing mice could affect the serum metabolome of human body that related to FFCT, and FFCT could correct the gut microbiota of colorectal tumor-bearing mice. It was pointed out that the GM should be concerned during the therapy of FFCT. The more healthier intestinal microenvironment was conductive to the better clinical curative effect.

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Alterations in Co-abundant Bacteriome in Colorectal Cancer and Persistent Microbial Dysbiosis After Surgery

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1130837/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chin-Wen Png ◽

Yong-Kang Chua ◽

Jia-Hao Law ◽

Yongliang Zhang ◽

Ker-Kan Tan

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Colonic Polyps ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Disease Recurrence ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Microbial Dysbiosis ◽

Screening And Surveillance ◽

Before And After ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing

Abstract ObjectiveThere is growing interest in the role of gut microbiome in colorectal cancer (CRC), ranging from screening to disease recurrence. Our study aims to identify microbial markers characteristic of CRC and to examine if changes in bacteriome persist after surgery. Design49 fecal samples from non-cancer (NC) individuals and CRC patients, before and after surgery, were collected for analysis by bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. ResultsBacterial richness and diversity were reduced in the CRC patients compared to NC individuals. Pro-carcinogenic bacteria such as Bacteroides fragilis and Odoribacter splanchnicus were increased in pre-op CRC compared to NC group. These differences were no longer observed after surgery. Comparison between post- and pre-op CRC showed increased abundance of probiotic bacteria after surgery. Concomitantly, bacteria associated with CRC progression were observed to have increased after surgery, implying persistent dysbiosis. ConclusionMicrobiome signatures characteristic of CRC likely comprise a set of significant alteration in specific bacterial strains. Elements of these dysbiotic signatures persists even after surgery, suggesting possible field-change in remnant non-diseased colon. Future studies should seek to examine if these signatures are also associated with pre-malignant colonic polyps and, explore if these profiles can be used to guide CRC screening and surveillance.

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Dysbiosis of human gut microbiome in young-onset colorectal cancer

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-27112-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yongzhi Yang ◽

Lutao Du ◽

Debing Shi ◽

Cheng Kong ◽

Jianqiang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Functional Analysis ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Young Onset ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Metagenome Sequencing

AbstractThe incidence of sporadic young-onset colorectal cancer (yCRC) is increasing. A significant knowledge gap exists in the gut microbiota and its diagnostic value for yCRC patients. Through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, 728 samples are collected to identify microbial markers, and an independent cohort of 310 samples is used to validate the results. Furthermore, species-level and functional analysis are performed by metagenome sequencing using 200 samples. Gut microbial diversity is increased in yCRC. Flavonifractor plautii is an important bacterial species in yCRC, while genus Streptococcus contains the key phylotype in the old-onset colorectal cancer. Functional analysis reveals that yCRC has unique characteristics of bacterial metabolism characterized by the dominance of DNA binding and RNA-dependent DNA biosynthetic process. The random forest classifier model achieves a powerful classification potential. This study highlights the potential of the gut microbiota biomarkers as a promising non-invasive tool for the accurate detection and distinction of individuals with yCRC.

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Early Gut Microbiota Colonisation of Premature Infants Fed with Breastmilk or Formula with or without Probiotics: A Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13114068 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 4068

Author(s):

Cheng Chi ◽

Yali Fan ◽

Cheng Li ◽

Yu Li ◽

Shan Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Feeding Practice ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

The Difference ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Two Stages

Premature infants have a fragile ecology of the gut microbiota, which is associated with many health problems and may be influenced by formula versus breast feeding. The present study investigated differences in the process of gut microbiota colonisation in preterm infants fed with breastmilk or formula with or without probiotics before 12 weeks. This cohort study recruited 138 premature infants; 31 in the breastmilk (BM) group, 59 in the probiotics formula (PF) group and 48 in the non-probiotics formula (NPF) group, according to the feeding practice they received at birth. Gut bacterial composition was identified with 16S rRNA gene sequencing in faecal samples collected at 1 week, 6 weeks and 12 weeks after birth. The alpha diversity was higher in the PF group compared to the other groups at week 1 and 6 (both p < 0.01) but showed no difference at week 12. The beta diversity of the three groups showed a trend towards similarity at the first two stages (p < 0.001 and p = 0.009, respectively) and finally showed no difference at week 12. Canonical redundancy analysis showed that feeding type could explain the difference in gut microbiota composition at week one and six (both p < 0.01). At genus level, Bifidobacterium was enriched in the PF group, while the Enterococcus and Streptococcus was enriched in the NPF group. In summary, formula with probiotics feeding after birth can affect gut microbiota colonisation and lead to a bacterial community with less potential pathogens.

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Diversity, Composition and Functional Inference of Gut Microbiota in Indian Cabbage white Pieris canidia (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

Life ◽

10.3390/life10110254 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 254

Author(s):

Ying Wang ◽

Jianqing Zhu ◽

Jie Fang ◽

Li Shen ◽

Shuojia Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Adult Survival ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Life Stages ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Functional Inference ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Insect Fitness

We characterized the gut microbial composition and relative abundance of gut bacteria in the larvae and adults of Pieris canidia by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The gut microbiota structure was similar across the life stages and sexes. The comparative functional analysis on P. canidia bacterial communities with PICRUSt showed the enrichment of several pathways including those for energy metabolism, immune system, digestive system, xenobiotics biodegradation, transport, cell growth and death. The parameters often used as a proxy of insect fitness (development time, pupation rate, emergence rate, adult survival rate and weight of 5th instars larvae) showed a significant difference between treatment group and untreated group and point to potential fitness advantages with the gut microbiomes in P. canidia. These data provide an overall view of the bacterial community across the life stages and sexes in P. canidia.

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Gut microbiota markers associated with obesity and overweight in Italian adults

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84928-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vanessa Palmas ◽

Silvia Pisanu ◽

Veronica Madau ◽

Emanuela Casula ◽

Andrea Deledda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Smoking Status ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Activity Level ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Illumina Platform ◽

Obesity And Overweight ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractIn the present study, we characterized the distinctive signatures of the gut microbiota (GM) from overweight/obese patients (OB), and normal-weight controls (NW), both of Sardinian origin. Fecal bacterial composition of 46 OB patients (BMI = 36.6 ± 6.0; F/M = 40/6) was analyzed and compared to that of 46 NW subjects (BMI = 21.6 ± 2.1; F/M = 41/5), matched for sex, age and smoking status, by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing on MiSeq Illumina platform. The gut microbial community of OB patients exhibited a significant decrease in the relative abundance of several Bacteroidetes taxa (i.e. Flavobacteriaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Sphingobacteriaceae, Flavobacterium, Rikenella spp., Pedobacter spp., Parabacteroides spp., Bacteroides spp.) when compared to NW; instead, several Firmicutes taxa were significantly increased in the same subjects (Lachnospiraceae, Gemellaceae, Paenibacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Thermicanaceae, Gemella, Mitsuokella, Streptococcus, Acidaminococcus spp., Eubacterium spp., Ruminococcus spp., Megamonas spp., Streptococcus, Thermicanus, Megasphaera spp. and Veillonella spp.). Correlation analysis indicated that body fatness and waist circumference negatively correlated with Bacteroidetes taxa, while Firmicutes taxa positively correlated with body fat and negatively with muscle mass and/or physical activity level. Furthermore, the relative abundance of several bacterial taxa belonging to Enterobacteriaceae family, known to exhibit endotoxic activity, was increased in the OB group compared to NW. The results extend our knowledge on the GM profiles in Italian OB, identifying novel taxa linking obesity and intestine.

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Gut microbiota accelerates cisplatin-induced acute liver injury associated with robust inflammation and oxidative stress in mice

Journal of Translational Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12967-021-02814-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shenhai Gong ◽

Yinglin Feng ◽

Yunong Zeng ◽

Huanrui Zhang ◽

Meiping Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

16S Rrna ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Gene Sequencing ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Metabolomic Analysis ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background Gut microbiota has been reported to be disrupted by cisplatin, as well as to modulate chemotherapy toxicity. However, the precise role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of cisplatin hepatotoxicity remains unknown. Methods We compared the composition and function of gut microbiota between mice treated with and without cisplatin using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and via metabolomic analysis. For understanding the causative relationship between gut dysbiosis and cisplatin hepatotoxicity, antibiotics were administered to deplete gut microbiota and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed before cisplatin treatment. Results 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomic analysis showed that cisplatin administration caused gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice. Gut microbiota ablation by antibiotic exposure protected against the hepatotoxicity induced by cisplatin. Interestingly, mice treated with antibiotics dampened the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation and promoted nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 nuclear translocation, resulting in decreased levels of both inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver. FMT also confirmed the role of microbiota in individual susceptibility to cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity. Conclusions This study elucidated the mechanism by which gut microbiota mediates cisplatin hepatotoxicity through enhanced inflammatory response and oxidative stress. This knowledge may help develop novel therapeutic approaches that involve targeting the composition and metabolites of microbiota.

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Comparison between 16S rRNA and shotgun sequencing data for the taxonomic characterization of the gut microbiota

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82726-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Francesco Durazzi ◽

Claudia Sala ◽

Gastone Castellani ◽

Gerardo Manfreda ◽

Daniel Remondini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

16S Rrna ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

16S Rrna Gene ◽

Gene Sequencing ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Shotgun Sequencing ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Metagenomic Sequencing ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractIn this paper we compared taxonomic results obtained by metataxonomics (16S rRNA gene sequencing) and metagenomics (whole shotgun metagenomic sequencing) to investigate their reliability for bacteria profiling, studying the chicken gut as a model system. The experimental conditions included two compartments of gastrointestinal tracts and two sampling times. We compared the relative abundance distributions obtained with the two sequencing strategies and then tested their capability to distinguish the experimental conditions. The results showed that 16S rRNA gene sequencing detects only part of the gut microbiota community revealed by shotgun sequencing. Specifically, when a sufficient number of reads is available, Shotgun sequencing has more power to identify less abundant taxa than 16S sequencing. Finally, we showed that the less abundant genera detected only by shotgun sequencing are biologically meaningful, being able to discriminate between the experimental conditions as much as the more abundant genera detected by both sequencing strategies.

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