scholarly journals Cancer Preventive and Therapeutic Potential of Banana and Its Bioactive Constituents: A Systematic, Comprehensive, and Mechanistic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arijit Mondal ◽  
Sabyasachi Banerjee ◽  
Sankhadip Bose ◽  
Partha Pratim Das ◽  
Elise N. Sandberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Oncogenic Signaling ◽  
Banana Plant ◽  
Prevention And Therapy

BackgroundThe banana (Musa spp.) plant produces elongated and edible fruit. The two main parthenocarpic species of banana are Musa accuminata Colla and Musa balbisiana Colla. There are several health-promoting and disease-preventing effects of Musa accuminata Colla, which are attributed to its important bioactive compounds, including phenolics, carotenoids, biogenic amines, phytosterols, and volatile oils, found in the stem, fruit, pseudostem, leaf, flower, sap, inner trunk, root, and inner core. Banana possesses numerous pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antiulcerogenic, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, leishmanicidal, anthelmintic, and anticancer properties. Various individual studies have reported anticancer effects of different components of the banana plant. However, according to our understanding, an up-to-date, systematic, and critical analysis of existing scientific results has not yet been carried out.ObjectivesThis review aims to include a thorough assessment of banana and its phytochemicals for cancer prevention and therapy with a focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms of action.MethodsThe available research studies on anticancer activities of banana extracts, fractions and pure compounds were collected using various scholarly databases, such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus, based on predetermined selection criteria.ResultsVarious banana extracts, fractions, and phytoconstituents, including ferulic acid, protocatechualdehyde, 2-pentanone, 4-epicyclomusalenone, cycloeucalenol acetate, and chlorogenic acid, have been shown to exhibit cancer preventative and anticancer activities in breast, cervical, colorectal, esophageal, hepatic, oral, prostate, and skin cancers. Bioactive components present in bananas have exhibited antiproliferative, cell cycle arrest-inducing, apoptotic, anti-adhesive, anti-invasive, and antiangiogenic effects through modulation of diverse, dysregulated oncogenic signaling pathways.ConclusionBased on the critical analysis of available literature, banana products and phytoconstituents show enormous potential for future development of drugs for cancer prevention and therapy. However, more mechanistic studies and well-designed clinical trials should be performed to establish its efficacy.

Cordycepin in Anticancer Research: Molecular Mechanism of Therapeutic Effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 983-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Asaduzzaman Khan ◽  
Mousumi Tania
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Cancer Cell Growth ◽  
Ongoing Research

Background: Cordycepin is a nucleotide analogue from Cordyceps mushrooms, which occupies a notable place in traditional medicine. Objective: In this review article, we have discussed the recent findings on the molecular aspects of cordycepin interactions with its recognized cellular targets, and possible mechanisms of its anticancer activity. Methods: We have explored databases like pubmed, google scholar, scopus and web of science for the update information on cordycepin and mechanisms of its anticancer activity, and reviewed in this study. Results: Cordycepin has been widely recognized for its therapeutic potential against many types of cancers by various mechanisms. More specifically, cordycepin can induce apoptosis, resist cell cycle and cause DNA damage in cancer cells, and thus kill or control cancer cell growth. Also cordycepin can induce autophagy and modulate immune system. Furthermore, cordycepin also inhibits tumor metastasis. Although many success stories of cordycepin in anticancer research in vitro and in animal model, and there is no successful clinical trial yet. Conclusion: Ongoing research studies have reported highly potential anticancer activities of cordycepin with numerous molecular mechanisms. The in vitro and in vivo success of cordycepin in anticancer research might influence the clinical trials of cordycepin, and this molecule might be used for development of future cancer drug.

scholarly journals Modulation of MicroRNAs by Phytochemicals in Cancer: Underlying Mechanisms and Translational Significance

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev K. Srivastava ◽  
Sumit Arora ◽  
Courey Averett ◽  
Seema Singh ◽  
Ajay P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Cancer Initiation ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Prevention And Therapy

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous noncoding RNAs that regulate a variety of biological processes such as differentiation, development, and survival. Recent studies suggest that miRNAs are dysregulated in cancer and play critical roles in cancer initiation, progression, and chemoresistance. Therefore, exploitation of miRNAs as targets for cancer prevention and therapy could be a promising approach. Extensive evidence suggests that many naturally occurring phytochemicals regulate the expression of numerous miRNAs involved in the pathobiology of cancer. Therefore, an understanding of the regulation of miRNAs by phytochemicals in cancer, their underlying molecular mechanisms, and functional consequences on tumor pathophysiology may be useful in formulating novel strategies to combat this devastating disease. These aspects are discussed in this review paper with an objective of highlighting the significance of these observations from the translational standpoint.

Ginkgolic Acids Confer Potential Anticancer Effects by Targeting Pro-Inflammatory and Oncogenic Signaling Molecules

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthu K. Shanmugam ◽  
Manoj Garg ◽  
Pooja Makhija ◽  
Alan Prem Kumar ◽  
Javad Sharifi-Rad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Standard Form ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Oncogenic Signaling ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Oncologic Diseases ◽  
Ginkgolic Acids

Background: Medicinal plants and herbal preparations in the form of traditional medicines have been used in healthcare worldwide. The extracts of Ginkgo biloba L. seeds and leaves contain a complex mixture of numerous components, such as flavonol glycosides, terpene lactones, and a group of alkylphenols (anacardic or ginkgolic acids, cardanols and cardols) that have been a part of traditional Chinese medicine. These extracts are also sold as dietary supplements worldwide. G. biloba extract (EGb 761 and LI 1370) represent the standard form of G. biloba extract. Six different 6-alkylsalicylic acids (syn. ginkgolic acids) with alkyl substituents (C13:0, C15:0, C15:1, C17:1, and C17:2) have been identified. Objective: To aim of this review is to unravel scientific evidences on anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of ginkgolic acids to understand its therapeutic potential against inflammatory and oncologic diseases. Methods: A structured literature search was independently performed by the authors on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science. Accordingly, this review article critically analyses available scientific evidences on anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of ginkgolic acids. Moreover, the review only included articles written in English language. Results: Several forms of ginkgolic acids, especially C13:0, C15:0 and C17:1, isolated from the leaves of G. biloba exhibited cytotoxic activity against a variety of human cancers by suppressing various pro-inflammatory signaling cascades and oncogenic transcription factors through multiple modes of action in various in vitro and in vivo preclinical models. Ginkgolic acids have also been reported to be potent post-translational small ubiquitin-related modifiers (SUMO)ylation inhibitors. Conclusion: In this review, we present updated information on the anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties of ginkgolic acids both in vitro and in vivo. Although ginkgolic acids show significant therapeutic potential in inflammatory and oncologic diseases, more investigations regarding the safety and efficacy of these natural agents are warranted before clinical transition.

scholarly journals The Role of EGCG in Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Romano ◽  
Fátima Martelb
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Breast Cancer Prevention ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Prevention And Therapy

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women. Green tea has been studied for breast cancer chemopreventive and possibly chemotherapeutic effects due to its high content in polyphenolic compounds, including epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Method: This review is based on a literature research that included papers registered on the Medline database. The research was conducted through PubMed, with the application of the following query: “EGCG”AND "breast cancer”. The result was a total of 88 articles in which this review stands on. Results: In vitro, EGCG shows antioxidant or pro-oxidant properties, depending on the concentration and exposure time. EGCG blocks cell cycle progression and modulates signaling pathways that affects cell proliferation and differentiation. EGCG also induces apoptosis, negatively modulates different steps involved in metastasis and targets angiogenesis by inhibiting VEGF transcription. In vivo, investigations have shown that oral administration of EGCG results in reduction of tumor growth and in antimetastatic and antiangiogenic effects in animal xenograft and allograft models. Discussion: Much remains unknown about the molecular mechanisms involved in the protective effects of EGCG on mammary carcinogenesis. In addition, more studies in vivo are necessary to determine the potential toxicity of EGCG at higher doses and to elucidate its interactions with other drugs. Conclusion: A protective effect of EGCG has been shown in different experimental models and under different experimental conditions, suggesting clinical implications of EGCG for breast cancer prevention and therapy. The data presented in this review support the importance of further investigations.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of β-Caryophyllene: A Dietary Cannabinoid in Diabetes and Associated Complications

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hebaallah Mamdouh Hashiesh ◽  
M.F. Nagoor Meeran ◽  
Charu Sharma ◽  
Bassem Sadek ◽  
Juma Al Kaabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disorder is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide across developed as well as developing nations. Hyperglycemia is the core feature of the type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), following insulin deficiency and impaired insulin secretion or sensitivity leads insulin resistance (IR), respectively. Genetic and environmental factors attributed to the pathogenesis of DM and various therapeutic strategies are available for the prevention and treatment of T2DM. Among the numerous therapeutic approaches, the health effects of dietary/nutraceutical approach due to the presence of bioactive constituents, popularly termed phytochemicals are receiving special interest for pharmacological effects and therapeutic benefits. The phytochemicals classes, in particular sesquiterpenes received attention because of potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antihyperglycemic effects and health benefits mediating modulation of enzymes, receptors, and signaling pathways deranged in DM and its complications. One of the terpene compounds, β-caryophyllene (BCP), received enormous attention because of its abundant occurrence, non-psychoactive nature, and dietary availability through consumption of edible plants including spices. BCP exhibit selective full agonism on cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R), an important component of endocannabinoid system, and plays a role in glucose and lipid metabolism and represents the newest drug target for chronic inflammatory diseases. BCP also showed agonist action on peroxisome proliferated activated receptor subtypes, PPAR-α and PPAR-γ, the main target of currently used fibrates and imidazolidinones for dyslipidemia and IR, respectively. Many studies demonstrated its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, organoprotective, and antihyperglycemic properties. In the present review, the plausible therapeutic potential of BCP in diabetes and associated complications has been comprehensively elaborated based on experimental and a few clinical studies available. Further, the pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of BCP in diabetes and its complications have been represented using synoptic tables and schemes. Given the safe status, abundant natural occurrence, oral bioavailability, dietary use and pleiotropic properties modulating receptors and enzymes, BCP appears as a promising molecule for diabetes and its complications.

Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of miR-493 in Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-528
Author(s):  
Lingli Huang ◽  
Lingwei Huang ◽  
Ziwei Li ◽  
Qing Wei
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential

Neuroprotective Effects of Ellagic Acid in Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on Underlying Molecular Mechanisms of Therapeutic Potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimra Javaid ◽  
Muhammad Ajmal Shah ◽  
Azhar Rasul ◽  
Zunera Chauhdary ◽  
Uzma Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Neuronal Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects

: Neurodegeneration is a multifactorial process involved the different cytotoxic pathways that lead towards neuronal cell death. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a persistent neurodegenerative disorder that normally has a steady onset yet later on it worsens. The documented evidence of AD neuropathology manifested the neuro-inflammation, increased reactive oxygen, nitrogen species and decreased antioxidant protective process; mitochondrial dysfunction as well as increased level of acetylcholinesterase activity. Moreover, enhanced action of proteins leads towards neural apoptosis which have a vital role in the degeneration of neurons. The inability of commercial therapeutic options to treat AD with targeting single mechanism leads the attraction towards organic drugs. Ellagic acid is a dimer of gallic acid, latest studies expressed that ellagic acid can initiate the numerous cell signaling transmission and decrease the progression of disorders, involved in the degeneration of neurons. The influential property of ellagic acid to protect the neurons in neurodegenerative disorders is due to its antioxidant effect, iron chelating and mitochondrial protective effect. The main goal of this review is to critically analyze the molecular mode of action of ellagic acid against neurodegeneration.

Classic and Novel Signaling Pathways Involved in Cancer: Targeting the NF-κB and Syk Signaling Pathways

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Tang ◽  
Guodong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Transmembrane Receptors ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Different Types

The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) consists of a family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of a wide variety of biological responses. Growing evidence support that NF-κB plays a major role in oncogenesis as well as its well-known function in the regulation of immune responses and inflammation. Therefore, we made a review of the diverse molecular mechanisms by which the NF-κB pathway is constitutively activated in different types of human cancers and the potential role of various oncogenic genes regulated by this transcription factor in cancer development and progression. We also discussed various pharmacological approaches employed to target the deregulated NF-κB signaling pathway and their possible therapeutic potential in cancer therapy. Moreover, Syk (Spleen tyrosine kinase), non-receptor tyrosine kinase which mediates signal transduction downstream of a variety of transmembrane receptors including classical immune-receptors like the B-cell receptor (BCR), which can also activate the inflammasome and NF-κB-mediated transcription of chemokines and cytokines in the presence of pathogens would be discussed as well. The highlight of this review article is to summarize the classic and novel signaling pathways involved in NF-κB and Syk signaling and then raise some possibilities for cancer therapy.

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