Estimated Manipulation of Tablets and Capsules to Meet Dose Requirements for Chinese Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objectives: To estimate the frequency of manipulations of all tablets and capsules prescribed for children in a teaching and tertiary children's hospital in China over the course of 1 month. Moreover, hypothetical reduction of manipulation according to the availability of low-strength tablets/capsules licensed by the Chinese National Medical Products Administration (CNMPA) was evaluated.Methods: Information on all tablets and capsules prescribed in the hospital from March 17 to April 16, 2019 was collected. It was assumed that tablets or capsules were manipulated if the prescribed dose would have required only a proportion of the intact dose form. Manipulation typically includes splitting or crushing tablets, opening capsules and dispersing in water, or combinations of these method. Moreover, we defined an “avoidable manipulation,” when the dose could be rounded and/or when alternative products with a reduced strength or in liquid formulation were available in the hospital, and a “inappropriate manipulation,” which involved manipulated medications with a direct contraindication for any manipulation, such as those with a narrow therapeutic index or hazardous ingredients, or modified release dosage-forms. The frequencies of total, avoidable, and inappropriate manipulation were estimated, along with the hypothetical reduction of manipulation according to the availability of CNMPA-approved drug doses.Results: A total of 17,123 prescriptions for 142 medications were identified to have required a manipulation among 78,366 prescriptions administered during the study period, with 43 different proportions of subdivisions, ranging from a 19/20 to 1/180 product strength reduction. Half, quarter, and trisection were the most common subdivisions administered. Overall, 19% of the manipulated prescriptions were determined to be avoidable, and 19% of the manipulations involved medications with a clear recommendation to not manipulate. In addition, 21% of the manipulated prescriptions could have been potentially avoided if all of the approved preparations with the lowest strength would have been available at the hospital. Any manipulations undertaken were carried out by pharmacists and family care givers.Conclusions: More than 20% of tablets and capsules prescriptions need manipulated, included a high incidence of avoidable and inappropriate manipulation.

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Lack of weight recording in patients being administered narrow therapeutic index antibiotics: a prospective cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006092 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. e006092-e006092 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

E. Charani ◽

M. Gharbi ◽

M. Hickson ◽

S. Othman ◽

A. Alfituri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Therapeutic Index ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Narrow Therapeutic Index ◽

Cross Sectional

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Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Pharmacovigilance among Doctors at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital Birgunj, Nepal

Med Phoenix ◽

10.3126/medphoenix.v6i1.36681 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 14-18

Author(s):

Smita Singh ◽

Deependra Prasad Sarraf ◽

Prabin Singh ◽

Pragati Poudyel

Keyword(s):

Teaching Hospital ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

College Teaching ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital ◽

Care Teaching ◽

Medical College ◽

National Medical

Introduction: Pharmacovigilance helps in the detection and prevention of adverse effects of drugs. For the effectiveness of this program, health care professionals should report adverse drug reactions (ADRs) considering it as their moral and professional obligation. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of the doctors towards ADRs and pharmacovigilance in National Medical College Teaching Hospital (NMCTH), a tertiary care teaching hospital situated in the Narayani zone. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire consisting of four parts; first part included a demographic profile of participants, the second part consisted of ten questions for the assessment of the knowledge about pharmacovigilance, third part comprised of six questions on attitude and fourth part consisted of five questions on practice. The results were depicted in the form of percentages for each KAPs questionnaire. Results: The response rate of participants was 85.16%. Pharmacovigilance was correctly defined by 52%. Department of drug administration was responsible for monitoring ADRs in Nepal was correctly given by 80%. Only 8% had reported ADRs, although 62% had encountered an ADR in their clinical practice. Conclusion: The doctors at NMCTH had a poor KAP towards pharmacovigilance and educational intervention is needed for the proper functioning of this program.

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Cross-Sectional Study on Stigma among Care Givers of Patients with Mental Illness in Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare ◽

10.18410/jebmh/2021/460 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (28) ◽

pp. 2484-2488

Author(s):

Umesh G ◽

Asokan T.V. ◽

Roselin V ◽

Sri Santhanakrishnan V V

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Interview Schedule ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Care Center ◽

Care Givers ◽

Family Interview

BACKGROUND Stigma experienced by caregivers of patients with mental illnesses remains unnoticed. This study was conducted to evaluate the stigma perceived by the care givers of patients with various mental illnesses and the factors associated with stigma. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among the care givers of patients with mental illnesses who accompanied the patients to the outpatient department (OPD) of Psychiatry in Meenakshi Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, from January 2017 to March 2017. A total of hundred care givers were included in the study. All care givers aged between 18 - 50 years of age in both sexes were included in the study. Care givers of substance abuse cases were excluded from the study. A total of hundred care givers with fifty care givers of neurosis patients and another fifty care givers of psychosis were included in the study. Family interview schedule (FIS) stigma scale was used to assess the stigma perceived by care givers. Data was entered in Microsoft excel and data analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 17. RESULTS Mean perceived stigma score was 12.27 ± 9.43. High, low and zero stigma was noted among 44 %, 36 % and 20 % of care givers, respectively. Also, it was found that care givers of psychosis patients had more stigma than the care givers of neurosis patients (P = 0.0008). Statistically significant association was found between patient’s duration of illness (P = 0.003), patient’s diagnosis (P = 0.000) and care givers burden (P = 0.000) with severity of stigma perceived by the care givers. CONCLUSIONS Proportion of stigma prevailing among the care givers is high and it depicts only the cases which were reported to the health care center, whereas a larger proportion of cases remains not seeking the health care. An early intervention by conducting routine assessments of the mental status of caregivers is necessary. KEYWORDS Stigma, Care Givers, Mental Illnesses, Family Interview Schedule

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DRP EVALUASI DRUNG RELATED PROBLEMS (DRPs) ANTIBIOTIK PADA PASIEN PNEUMONIA RAWAT INAP ANAK RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH DELI SERDANG

JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM) ◽

10.35451/jfm.v3i2.574 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 63-68

Author(s):

Cindy Monica ◽

Aminah. S ◽

Siti Dalilla

Keyword(s):

Drug Therapy ◽

Public Hospital ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Patient’S Experience ◽

Drug Doses ◽

Data Collection Technique ◽

Potential Interactions

Background: Infection is one of the top ten diseases in Indonesia, so that antibiotic therapy is quite high. The increasing use of antibiotics may lead to an increase in the use of irrational antibiotics. Drug Related Problems (DRPs) are events that are not expected from the patient's experience or are suspected to be due to drug therapy so that they have the potential to interfere with the desired healing success. Objective: This study aims to determine the number of occurrences of DRPs which include dosage inaccuracy, namely under and over dose, indication without drug, drug without indication, potential interactions and inaccuracy of drug selection in inpatient pneumonia treatment for children at the Deli Serdang Regional public hospital. In 2019 Method: This study is retrospective in which data is obtained through secondary data in the form of patient medical records for the period January-December 2019 with a cross-sectional study design. The data collection technique was in the form of total sampling, obtained 50 samples that fit the inclusion criteria. Results: Drung Related Problems (DRPs) research that occurred in the under-dose category of drugs (4.0%), and excessive drug doses (2.0%) and no DRPs (94.0%). This shows that the role of pharmacists is important in monitoring patient drug therapy to minimize the occurrence of DRPs.

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Clinical features of alcoholic suicide attempters/ non-attempters

Psychiatric Bulletin ◽

10.1192/pb.20.11.656 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 20 (11) ◽

pp. 656-659

Author(s):

Meena Agarwal ◽

Keith Gaskell

Keyword(s):

Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽

Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽

Attempted Suicide ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Antisocial Personality ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Treatment Unit ◽

Suicide Attempters ◽

High Incidence

A cross-sectional study of 74 consecutive alcoholic patients admitted to a subregional alcohol treatment unit examines the socio-demographic and clinical differences between those who had/had not attempted suicide, and investigates their relationships to current suicidal ideation. The suicide attempters were significantly younger, separated and unemployed. They began regular drinking earlier, were more severely dependent and had a higher proportion of major depression, antisocial personality disorder and another drug abuse. The results suggest a high incidence of suicidal behaviour in alcoholics and high psychiatric comorbidity in alcoholics who attempt suicide.

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Depression, Death Anxiety, and the Related Factors in Nurses Caring for COVID-19 Patients at Kosar Hospital, Semnan, Iran

International Journal of Health and Life Sciences ◽

10.5812/ijhls.113242 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Monir Nobahar ◽

Elnaz Talebi ◽

Sara Amaniyan ◽

Mansoreh Tarahomy

Keyword(s):

Work Experience ◽

Death Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Effective Interventions ◽

Demographic Questionnaire ◽

High Incidence

Background: The high incidence of COVID-19 has provided a challenge for healthcare systems in Iran, and may result in some psychological problems. Objectives: The study aims at describing depression, death anxiety, and the related factors in nurses caring for COVID-19 Patients at Kosar Hospital, Semnan, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 89 nurses caring for COVID-19 patients were selected in October 2020 via the census method. A demographic questionnaire, Beck’s Depression inventory, and Templer Death Anxiety scale were used to collect the required data. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20. Results: The mean scores of death anxiety and depression among nurses were 7.32 ± 1.75 and 10.82 ± 8.50 respectively. The results of the Pearson’s correlation-coefficient showed a significant positive correlation between death anxiety and depression (P = 0.05), death anxiety and nurses’ age (P < 0.05), death anxiety, and nurses’ work experience (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings of the study revealed that nurses caring for COVID-19 patients are at high risk of death anxiety and depression. Thus, there is a need to identify these problems to prevent or reduce them with effective interventions.

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Predictors of adherence and persistence to disease-modifying therapies in Multiple Sclerosis

Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders ◽

10.1177/17562864211031099 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 175628642110310

Author(s):

Gisela Zanga ◽

Estefania Drzewiscki ◽

Paula Tagliani ◽

Maximiliano Smietniansky ◽

Maria M. Esnaola y Rojas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Medication Possession Ratio ◽

Care Program ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

National Medical ◽

Disease Modifying Therapies ◽

Disease Modifying ◽

Predictors Of Adherence

Background and Aims: In multiple sclerosis (MS), non-adherence/non-persistence is related to suboptimal response to treatment, including disease relapses and the need for more expensive healthcare. The aim of this study was to identify predictors related to adherence to disease modifying therapies (DMTs) in a cohort of Argentinian MS patients. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at the National Medical Care Program from Argentina. MS patients with at least one claim for a DMT from 1 January 2017 to 1 October 2017 were identified. A telephone survey was performed to assess clinical and demographic factors. The medication possession ratio (MPR) was used to estimate adherence; MPR <80% defined non-adherence. Associations were studied using a logistic regression model. Results: Our database included 648 MS patients. A total of 360 patients (60% females, mean age 55.3 years) accepted to participate. Of these, 308 (85.5%) patients were receiving DMT at the time of the survey. Some 198 (63.7%) were receiving injectable therapies. Optimal adherence was 47.7%. Adherence was associated with oral medication [odds ratio (OR) 1.83 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–3.00, p = 0.014]. A factor related to oral drugs was higher educational level (OR 2.86 95%CI 1.41–5.81, p = 0.004). Conclusion: This real-world study showed better adherence and persistence on treatment with oral therapies in MS patients in Argentina.

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Medication Adherence among Mentally Ill Patients with comorbid- Substance Use Disorder

KYAMC Journal ◽

10.3329/kyamcj.v6i2.33736 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 602-609

Author(s):

Nasim Jahan ◽

Mohammad Muntasir Maruf ◽

Md Faruk Hossain ◽

Md Waziul Alam Chowdhury ◽

Anwara Begum

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Medication Adherence ◽

Mentally Ill ◽

Substance Misuse ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Psychiatric Medication ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Care Givers

Substance misuse is usually associated with poorer psychiatric medication adherence among mentally ill patients. Identifying proportion & predictors of medication adherence among patients with dual psychiatric and substance misuse problems is important because poor adherence is associated with relapse and re-hospitalization. This study was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted among the patients dually diagnosed with psychiatric and substance use disorders attending OPD in a tertiary care hospital of Dhaka city, during the period from May 2013 to November 2013. The main objective of the study was to explore the proportion of psychotropic medication adherence among the respondents who were on such medication for at least last 6 months (N=151). Respondents were selected purposefully. An informed consent was taken from the patients or care givers and data were collected using the questionnaire designed by the researcher based on Factors Influencing Neuroleptic Medication Taking Scale (FNIMTS). Diagnoses were done previously according to DSM-IV TR by psychiatrist appointed in inpatient and outpatient department. Questionnaire was filled up by the researcher by interviewing the patients and attending care givers as needed. Over half of the respondents (57.0%) admitted they had missed taking their medications on more than one occasion in the week prior to the interview. Thus this study found the proportion of medication adherence to be 43% among the respondents.KYAMC Journal Vol. 6, No.-2, Jan 2016, Page 602-609

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Factors Affecting Adherence to Pediatrics Antiretroviral Therapy in Mekelle Hospital, Tigray Ethiopia

International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) ◽

10.11591/.v4i1.4704 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Teklemariam Gultie ◽

Tesfay G/Amlak ◽

Girum Sebsibie

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hiv Treatment ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Hospital Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Care Givers ◽

Male Care ◽

Sub Saharan

The most important factor in the success of HIV treatment is adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART).The challenge to adherence to ART is particularly serious in Sub-Saharan Africa as the high rates of HIV/AIDS lead to greater numbers of affected individuals. Although long-term good ART adherence has been observed in certain settings of public sectors the magnitude of this challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa remains large and there is evidence for high rates of patient’s poor adherence. Study aimed to assess the factors affecting adherence to pediatrics antiretroviral therapy (ART) among children in Mekelle hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia. A Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted on 226 children on antiretroviral therapy from May 01 to 30/2014 at Mekelle hospital. Data was collected from care givers of children under 15 years old who are on ART. Of the 226 children under 15 years, 90.3 % reported complete adherence to antiretroviral therapy medications at the regular schedule over the past 7 days. Factors associated with adherence were having male care giver (AOR=2.10[1.01, 7.22]), age of the child (AOR=1.43[1.16, 3.98]) below 5 years and use of first line ART drugs (AOR=2.86[1.54, 3.67]). Over all the adherence of children on ART to their medication in this study is relatively higher as compared to others. However, complete adherence is expected in order to make the drugs effective. Different strategies have to be designed to improve the adherence level.

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Anxiety associated with colposcopy at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg

South African Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v15i2.208 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

MYH Moosa ◽

L Chait ◽

A Cohen ◽

L Diamond ◽

J Dunlop ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trait Anxiety ◽

State Anxiety ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anxiety Score ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Incidence ◽

The Mean ◽

Written Informed Consent ◽

Colposcopy Clinic

Given the high incidence of cervical cancer in South Africa and the distress it causes, we aimed to determine the extent of anxiety in patients undergoing colposcopy at Chris Hani Baragwanath (CHB) Hospital, Johannesburg. Method. A descriptive and cross-sectional study design was applied on a convenient sample of patients from the waiting area of the colposcopy clinic at CHB Hospital. Females attending a first colposcopy appointment were invited to participate by completing the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) after written informed consent had been obtained. Results. Among a total of 31 women, the mean STAI score for state anxiety was 46.77 (SD=12.92) and the mean STAI score for trait anxiety was 46.81 (SD=9.50); 51.6% of the patients had a STAI state anxiety score of >50, while 41.9% of the patients had a STAI trait anxiety score >50. There was no significant association between either elevated STAI state or trait anxiety scores and age group ( χ 2 =1.77; p= 0.18 and χ 2 =0.001; p= 0.98, respectively); marital status ( χ 2 =0.301; p= 0.58 and χ 2 =0.834; p= 0.36); level of education ( χ 2 =0.444; p= 0.51 and χ 2 =2.40; p= 0.12); employment status ( χ 2 =1.78; p= 0.18 and χ 2 =0.001; p= 0.98); monthly income ( χ 2 =1.15; p= 0.28 and χ 2 =0.03; p= 0.86) or using stimulants ( χ 2 =0.416; p= 0.52 and χ 2 =0.394; p= 0.53). There was a significant negative correlation between age and STAI state anxiety scores ( r 2 =0.004; p= 0.017) and a positive correlation between age and STAI trait anxiety scores ( r 2 =0.004; p= 0.019).Conclusion. This study reported significantly elevated trait anxiety scores relating to colposcopy and emphasises the need to identify the anxiety and institute a plan to ameliorate it with information booklets, leaflets, video colposcopy and educational counselling.

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